Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a crucial metabolic enzyme responsible for converting adenosine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), playing a vital role in cellular energy metabolism and adenosine recycling pathways. ADK is expressed in various tissues, particularly exhibiting high activity in the brain and liver, where it regulates adenosine levels, influencing cellular metabolism, neurotransmission, and inflammatory responses. Members of the ADK family possess core-conserved ATP binding sites structurally. Gene expression is tightly regulated, and mutations or dysregulation are associated with various diseases, including epilepsy, liver disorders, and metabolic disorders. Inhibitors of ADK have been studied for potential therapeutic applications in related diseases, demonstrating therapeutic potential.