AMPAR, short for Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, is a key ion channel in excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. It is composed of the GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, and GluA4 subunits, which can combine to form a variety of heteromeric or homomeric tetrameric structures, primarily located on the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. The activation of AMPARs is fundamental to synaptic plasticity in learning and memory formation. Its gene expression shows specificity across different brain regions and developmental stages, closely related to cognitive functions. Mutations or changes in expression levels are associated with a variety of neuropathological states, including neurodegenerative diseases and schizophrenia.