The cytoskeleton is a complex network composed of microfilaments (actin filaments), microtubules, and intermediate filaments. It not only provides structural support to the cell but also participates in the transport of materials within the cell, cell movement, maintenance of cell shape, and the distribution of chromosomes during cell division. Signal transduction pathways regulate the dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton by activating or inhibiting specific molecules, thereby responding to changes in the external environment or the internal needs of the cell. Signaling molecules, such as microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and microtubule destabilizing proteins (like katanin), regulate the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules under the influence of signal transduction, affecting the stability of the cytoskeleton and the morphology of the cell.