DOCK (Dedicator of Cytokinesis) proteins are a group of guanine nucleotide exchange factors mainly involved in regulating the activity of small GTPases. The family includes multiple members from DOCK1 to DOCK11, all featuring a common DOCKER domain responsible for activating GTPases. DOCK proteins are primarily localized in the cytoplasm and are involved in regulating cellular morphological changes, migration, and adhesion. These proteins activate GTPases like Rac and Cdc42, participating in various signaling pathways, such as cytoskeletal reorganization. Specific expression and mutations in DOCK genes are associat