The endothelin receptors constitute a family with two main subtypes, endothelin receptor A (ETA) and endothelin receptor B (ETB). They are G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. These receptors are expressed in various tissues and cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, the heart, and the kidneys, primarily regulating vasoconstriction, blood pressure, and electrolyte balance. Endothelin receptors mediate various biological effects through different signaling pathways, such as cAMP and calcium ion channels. Their gene expression shows tissue specificity and is closely associated with pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and renal disorders. Mutations or dysregulation of expression may contribute to disease development, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions.