The IAP (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein) family is a group of proteins that prevent premature cell death, primarily by inhibiting the activity of caspases. Family members include XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, NAIP, etc., sharing a common structural feature of at least one BIR (Baculovirus IAP Repeat) domain, with some members also containing a RING finger domain. IAP proteins are mainly located in the cytoplasm and are involved in regulating apoptotic signaling pathways, inflammatory responses, and cell survival signals. They are expressed in various cell types and tissues, and their specific expression and mutations are associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases such as cancer and immune diseases. The IAP family, due to its crucial role in inhibiting apoptosis, has become a potential drug target for cancer therapy.