Cytochrome P450 (CYP450 or P450) is a large class of enzymes that includes multiple families and subfamilies, responsible for catalyzing various biological reactions, including drug metabolism, hormone synthesis and degradation, and fatty acid oxidation. P450 enzymes are mainly located on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, with the highest expression levels in the liver and also expressed in other tissues such as the kidneys, lungs, and intestines. These enzymes participate in multiple signaling pathways and metabolic pathways by catalyzing the oxidation reactions of substrates. The gene expression of members of the P450 family is tissue-specific and regulated by various factors. Mutations or abnormal expression of these genes are associated with various diseases, including drug metabolism disorders, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and endocrine disorders.