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CAS No. : | 111-62-6 | MDL No. : | MFCD00009579 |
Formula : | C20H38O2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N |
M.W : | 310.51 | Pubchem ID : | 5363269 |
Synonyms : |
Ethyl oleate
|
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
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* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With sulfuric acid at 110℃; for 2h; | |
99.17% | With C6H15N*C3H6O3S*3Cl(1-)*H(1+)*Zn(2+) for 4h; Reflux; | 6-8 Example 7 The [N(Et)3C3H6SO3H][ZnCl3] ionic liquid of Example 1 was weighed into 0.05 mol of oleic acid, 0.45 mol of ethanol and 6% of oleic acid, respectively, and added to a three-port system equipped with a reflux condenser, a water separator and magnetic stirring. The flask was heated at reflux temperature for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the layer was allowed to stand, and the lower layer of the ionic liquid was separated. The reaction liquid of the upper layer was washed with an alkali solution to remove the remaining reactant, and the obtained crude ester was subjected to rotary distillation to obtain a product oil. Ethyl acetate. The yield of ethyl oleate was 99.17%. The ionic liquid can be reused after being recycled and dried. |
97% | With sulfuric acid for 16h; Reflux; | 2 Compound 6: To a stirred solution of oleic acid (58 g, 205 mmol) in dry ethanol (580 ml_), cone. H2SO4 (1.094 ml_, 20.53 mmol) was added slowly and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 16h. Upon completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was cooled to 0 °C, neutralised with satd. aq. NaHCCb solution and extracted with DCM (3 x 250 ml_). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated to obtain ethyl oleate (6, 61.6 g, 198 mmol, 97 % yield) as colorless oil. The ester was taken as such for the next step without further purification. i H (400MHz, CDCh) d 5.39-5.31 (m, 2H), 4.13 (q, 2H, J = 8.0), 2.29 (t, 2H, J = 8.0), 2.02 (app q, 4H, J = 8.0), 1.62 (p, 2H, J = 8.0), 1.35-1.24 (m, 23H), 0.89 (t, 3H, J = 6.0). RT = 3.73 min. 99.5% purity. ESI-MS: m/z = 311 [M+H]+forC2oH39C>2. |
97% | With sulfuric acid at 85℃; for 16h; Reflux; | 3 [00331] Compound 2: [00332] To a stirred solution of oleic acid (58 g, 205 mmol) in dry EtOH (580 ml_), cone. H2SO4 (1.094 ml_, 20.53 mmol) was added slowly and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 16h. Upon completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was cooled to 0 °C, neutralised with satd. aq. NaHC03 solution and extracted with DCM (3 x 250 ml_). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to obtain ethyl oleate (2, 61.6 g, 198 mmol, 97 % yield) as colorless oil. The ester was taken as such for next step without further purification. iH (400MHz, CDCb) d 5.39-5.31 (m, 2H), 4.13 (q, 2H, J = 8.0), 2.29 (t, 2H, J = 8.0), 2.02 (app q, 4H, J = 8.0), 1.62 (p, 2H, J = 8.0), 1.35-1.24 (m, 23H), 0.89 (t, 3H, J = 6.0). RT = 3.73 min. 99.5% purity. ESI-MS: m/z = 311 [M+H]+ for C20H39O2. |
95% | With 1-methyl-3-dodecylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate In water at 60℃; for 10h; | |
93.5% | With mesoporous silica modified Fe3O4 nanoparticle fabricated by 3-sulfopropyl-1-(3-propyltrimethoxysilane) imida-zolium hydrogen sulfate at 109.84℃; for 4h; Green chemistry; | 2.3 Catalytic activity measurement General procedure: Biodiesel production from oleic acid with alcohol was carried out with FSS-IL as catalyst. In a typical run, oleic acid (10mmol), alcohol (60mmol), and catalyst (0.2g) were added in a flask (50ml) and kept under 373K for 4h. When the reaction was finished, a magnet was put at the bottom of the reaction flask and the catalyst would be totally adsorbed to the magnet. The upper layer was dumped out for analysis and the yield of biodiesel was calculated based on oleic acid referring to previous publication [11]. The left catalyst was washed with acetone for three times, setting in vacuum at 323K for 6h for recycling experiment. The recovered catalyst was also weighted by electronic balance (d=0.0001g) for calculating catalyst mass loss data. |
93% | With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃; Sealed tube; regioselective reaction; | |
92% | With SnO2#dotWO3 at 80℃; for 2h; | |
89% | With zirconocene bis(perfluorooctanesulfonate) trihydrate*(tetrahydrofuran) In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction; | |
70% | With sulfuric acid at 80℃; | |
55.5% | Stage #1: cis-Octadecenoic acid With oxalyl dichloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: ethanol With pyridine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 15.5h; Cooling with ice; | Synthesis of Ethyl Oleate Synthesis of Ethyl Oleate [0069] To a chilled solution of oleic acid (5.0 niL, 16 mmol) in methylene chloride (23 mL) was added drop wise oxalyl chloride (2.9 g, 24 mmol) for four minutes. Reaction warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours. Then added drop wise ethanol (9.0 mL) and pyridine (9.0 mL), while cooling the reaction mixture in dry-ice bath. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours and diluted with 100 ml methylene chloride and organic phase was washed three times with saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (25 mL each), twice with saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (25 mL each) and four times with water (50 mL each). The combined organic phase was dried over MgS04 and filtered using glass frit. After filtration, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and concentrated further using vacuum and heat to obtain yellow oil. The yellow oil was purified by column chromatography using silica gel as the stationary phase and Hexanes:Et20 (5: 1 v/v) as the eluent to yield 2.72 g (55.5%) of ethyl oleate as colorless oil. XH NMR: 0.88 (t, CH3, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.22-1.3 l(m, (CH2)10), 1.25 (m, COOCH2CH3 ), 1.60-1.64 (m, COCH2C), 1.99-2.02 (dt, CH2CH=CHCH2, J = 12 Hz, 6 Hz), 2.28 (t, COC, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.1 1 (q, COOCH2CH3, J = 9.0 Hz), 5.32-5.37 (m, CH=CH). 13C NMR: 14.14 (CH3), 14.31 (COOCH2CH3), 22.73-34.44 (CR2)i3, 60.16 (COOCH2CH3), 129.80-130.04 (CH=CH), 173.88 (COOCH2CH3). |
24% | In hexane at 30℃; for 72h; Corynebacterium sp. S-401; | |
With hydrogenchloride bei Siedetemperatur; | ||
With sulfuric acid; toluene bei Siedetemperatur; | ||
With Twitchell's reagents bei Siedetemperatur; | ||
With ricinuslipase | ||
With sulfuric acid | ||
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid Heating; | ||
With sulfuric acid at 110℃; for 2h; | ||
With sulfuric acid at 30℃; | ||
94.6 % Turnov. | at 20℃; for 24h; | |
95.9 %Chromat. | at 300℃; for 0.233333h; | 5.10 An esterification reaction of a fatty acid and alcohol or a transesterification of rapeseed oil and alcohol was conducted using, as a raw material, fats and oils and alcohols shown in Table 7, under conditions of mole ratio, temperature, pressure and reaction time shown in Table 7. Since about 98.5% of rapeseed oil is composed of a tri-glyceride, the reaction from rapeseed oil can be judged to be a transesterification. The reaction product was subjected to HPLC analysis in the same manner as in Example 1, from the HPLC analysis result, conversion into a fatty acid alkyl ester from a fatty acid or rapeseed oil (=yield of alkyl ester) was obtained. The results are shown in Table 7 together with the reaction conditions. TABLE 7 Alcohol/fats and oils Temperature Pressure Reaction Example (mole ratio) Fats and oils Alcohol (° C.) (Mpa) time (min) Yield (%) Example 42/1C18-3 Methanol 300 20 8 96.2 5-1 Example 42/1C18-2 300 20 8 95.1 5-2 Example 42/1C18-1 300 20 8 95.8 5-3 Example 42/1C18-0 300 20 8 94.7 5-4 Example 42/1C16-0 300 20 8 94.0 5-5 Example 42/1 Rapeseed 300 20 15 98.0 5-6 oil Example 42/1 Rapeseed 350 43 4 98.0 5-7 oil Example 42/1C18-3 Ethanol 300 15 12 94.6 5-8 Example 42/1C18-2 300 15 14 97.4 5-9 Example 42/1C18-1 300 15 14 95.9 5-10 Example 42/1C18-0 300 15 15 91.2 5-11 Example 42/1C16-0 300 15 14 91.7 5-12 Example 42/1 Rapeseed 300 15 45 96.7 5-13 oil Example 42/1 Rapeseed 350 25 10 97.1 5-14 oil Example 42/1C18-3 1-propanol 300 10 15 97.0 5-15 Example 42/1C18-2 300 10 14 92.7 5-16 Example 42/1C18-1 300 10 14 92.3 5-17 Example 42/1C18-0 300 10 14 89.6 5-18 Example 42/1C16-0 300 10 14 90.1 5-19 Example 42/1 Rapeseed 300 10 45 96.1 5-20 oil Example 42/1 Rapeseed 350 23 14 98.8 5-21 oil Example 42/1C18-3 1-butonal 300 9 15 97.3 5-22 Example 42/1C18-2 300 9 14 92.4 5-23 Example 42/1C18-1 300 9 14 86.1 5-24 Example 42/1C18-0 300 9 14 82.5 5-25 Example 42/1C16-0 300 9 14 81.1 5-26 Example 42/1 Rapeseed 300 9 45 87.1 5-27 oil Example 42/1 Rapeseed 350 23 14 95.3 5-28 oil Example 42/1 Rapeseed 1-octanol 300 6 45 68.7 5-29 oil Example 42/1 Rapeseed 350 19 20 90.7 5-30 oil C16-0: palmitic acid, C18-0: stearic acid, C18-1: oleic acid, C18-2: linoleic acid, C18-3: linolenic acid |
at 80℃; | ||
With molecular sieve at 25℃; for 96h; | ||
94 %Chromat. | With phosphotungstic acid at 25℃; for 4h; | |
With sulfated titania at 80℃; for 1h; | ||
100 %Chromat. | With mesoporous SiO2-TiO2-SO3H (1SP-4T) at 80℃; for 6h; | |
With Candida antarctica lipase B In 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 60℃; | ||
With O40PW12(3-)*2.5H(1+)*0.5Cs(1+)*2H3N | ||
With immobilized Bacillus sp. DVL2 lipase on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide pellets In hexane at 37℃; for 16h; Enzymatic reaction; | a Application of the immobilized lipase in esterification of ethanol with oleic acid Partially purified lipase immobilized on aluminum oxide pellets was used as biocatalyst for the esterification of oleic acid and ethanol in 1:1 (v/v) ratio in hexane. The reaction was carried out at 37 °C with shaking at 100 rpm for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h with heat inactivated free enzyme as control. The ester content was quantified by using the alkalimetric method of titrating unreacted acid with 0.1 N NaOH using phenolphthalein as an indicator. The percentage conversion in ester synthesis was based on the amount of acid consumed [34]. Reusability of the immobilized lipase in the above esterification reaction was also tested. | |
With 3-(N,N-dimethyldodecylammonium)propanesulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonate at 60℃; for 3h; | ||
With lipase from Candida sp. 99-125 In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 24h; Molecular sieve; Enzymatic reaction; | 2.2.1 General procedures of esterification General procedure: All the esterification experiments were carried out in a 50 mL round bottom flask. The reaction procedure was described as follows: To a mixture of 0.05 mol oleic acid and corresponding alcohol, catalyst was added at the given temperature. Normally, the reactants mixture kept stirring for 24 h until the reaction completed. The samples were taken out every 1 h in the first 12 h, and the acid value was determined according to the standard GB1668-81. In the end, the chromaticity of the oleates was recorded on PFX-i Series from Tintometer Ltd. | |
With phosphonic acid polysilsesquioxanes at 90℃; for 10h; Reflux; | Esterification of oleic acid Oleic acid (1 g, 3.54 mmol), catalyst (20 mg, 1.9 mol%) and ethanol (6 mL) were combined and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 8 h then heated to 90 C for 2 h using an air condenser.The evaporated solvent was replaced with dry ethanol and the mixture heated a further 2 h using an air condenser. Ether (30 mL)was added to the cooled mixture and the catalyst was filtered off,washed with diethyl ether and retained for recycling. The organic solvents were removed from the filtrate. Conversion to the ethyloleate was determined by integration of the total alkene proton signal at H 5.33 (m, 2H) against the ester methylene signal at H4.11 (q, 2H, OCH2CH3). | |
With sulfated zirconia nanoparticles dispersed in poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) at 95℃; for 6h; | ||
96.5 %Chromat. | In water at 32℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; | |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In toluene for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; Dean-Stark; | 2.1.1 Ethyl oleate (2) [21] or (Z)-ethyl-9-octadecenoate Oleic acid (5g, 18mmol) and para-toluene sulfonic acid (42mg, 0.22mmol) were suspended in EtOH-toluene (1:5; 50mL) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 12h, using a Dean Stark apparatus. (0009) After removal of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (50mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (3×50mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.31g (96%) of 2 as a colorless liquid. The crude product was no further purified. | |
With tin(II) bromide monohydrate at 59.84℃; for 0.0833333h; | ||
With chlorosulfonic acid bei Siedetemperatur; | ||
With 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate at 99.84℃; for 6h; Ionic liquid; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | ||
With [SO3H-(CH2)3-HIM]3PW12O40 encapsulated iron containing metal organic frame work MIL-100 at 111℃; for 5h; | ||
With immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Cal B) Green chemistry; Enzymatic reaction; | ||
With zirconium containing 2-aminoterephthalate metal organic framework at 78℃; | Esterification of other saturated (C16, C18) and unsaturated(C18:1, C18:2, C18:3) fatty acids General procedure: In view of the good catalytic activity and recyclability of UiO-type MOFs for the esterification of lauric acid with MeOH and EtOH,we wanted to investigate the applicability of the MOFs to otherbiomass derived free fatty acids with longer chain lengths, bothsaturated and unsaturated. Thus, we extended our study to theesterification with MeOH and EtOH of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid,C16), Stearic (octadecanoic acid, C18), Oleic (cis-9-octadecenoicacid C18:1), linoleic (cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, C18:2) and-linolenic acids (cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, C18:3).For the sake of brevity, the complete catalytic data obtained for eachfatty acid and the comparison with other acid catalysts from theliterature is provided as Supporting Information (Tables S1-S10).In order to illustrate the dependence of the chain length andunsaturation degree of the fatty acid on reaction rate, Fig. 3 showsthe calculated pseudo-first order reaction rate constants, k, of ester-ification of various fatty acids with ethanol over UiO-66-NH2. Thesame tendency was also observed for UiO-66, although this mate-rial was in general less active than UiO-66-NH2(as already observed C12 for C12 esterification commented above). As it can be observed, thereaction rate decreases as the chain length and the degree of unsa-turation of the fatty acid increases. This is probably due to higheradsorption of the unsaturated fatty acid (or fatty ester) on the sur-face of the solid, which causes the progressive deactivativation ofthe catalyst. However, it is worth mentioning that this deactivationdue to product adsorption is fully reversible, and the activity of thecatalysts is completely recovered by simply washing with EtOH.In conclusion, the above experiments demonstrates that bothZr-containing UiOs can efficiently catalyze the esterification of var-ious fatty acids with MeOH and EtOH, being less active as the alkylchain length and degree of unsaturation of the acid increases. It isalso worth mentioning that in all the reactions tested, the Zr-MOFswere found to be stable and reusable without significant loss ofactivity, as we have previously demonstrated for the esterificationof C12 with EtOH over UiO-66-NH2. | |
With calcium ferrite at 70℃; for 4h; | ||
With candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on accurel MP1000 In n-heptane at 60℃; for 1h; Enzymatic reaction; | ||
With Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on magnetite/chitosan nanoparticles In water at 24℃; for 3h; | 5 2.2.5 Solvent-free ethyl oleate synthesis Briefly, 1 g of oleic acid (OA), 200 mg distilled water and 150 μL ethanol were magnetically stirred along with 30 mg of CAT at 24 °C for 3 h [8]. | |
With Novozym 435 In cyclohexane at 57℃; for 2.75h; Enzymatic reaction; | 2.3. Reaction settings The reactions started with 0.206 mol L-1of oleic acid,0.712 mol L-1of ethanol, and the corresponding amount of cyclo-hexane as solvent. The temperature was set to 57C, and after it wasstabilized, the catalyst was added. The concentration of the catalystwas 10% w/w in relation to oleic acid. The reactions were mon-itored by using the ATR/FT-IR probe for 165 min. As the reactionprogressed, the PLS model was used for real-time quantification ofeach component. Reactions were performed in triplicate in orderto estimate the experimental variance. | |
With candida antarctica B (CALB) lipase immobilized in polyurethane (PU) foam at 40℃; for 0.666667h; Enzymatic reaction; | ethyl oleate he evaluation of the ability of immobilized CALB to catalyze theethyl oleate synthesis was performed using oleic acid and ethanolas substrates, at different molar ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) (5 g of sub-strates), immobilized CALB 0.1 g, temperature of 40C, 160 rpm for40 min, conditions described before (item 2.8). Then, 500 L wereremoved (in triplicate) from the reaction medium and placed in15 mL of acetone-ethanol solution (1:1) (v/v). | |
With C34H74N2O6S2(2+)*2C7H7O3S(1-) at 60℃; for 4.5h; Ionic liquid; Green chemistry; | ||
With milling petioles of Carica papaya In 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 50℃; for 48h; Molecular sieve; Enzymatic reaction; | ||
With glutaraldehyde functionalized cellulose immobilized candida antarctica lipase B In n-heptane at 60℃; for 1h; Enzymatic reaction; | ||
With p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene-functionalized alkyl bridged organosilica at 80℃; for 4h; | ||
at 100℃; for 6h; | Catalytic tests General procedure: Esterification reactions of carboxylic acids besides oleic acid with alcohols were carried out in a 100 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser at atmospheric pressure. In a typical run, 0.1 mol (6.0 g) acetic acid, 0.3 mol (13.8 g) ethanol and 0.1 g catalyst were added into the round bottom flask. After stirring for a certain reaction time at the reflux temperature, the catalyst was filtered and the product was determined using a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID). Esterification reactions of oleic acid with alcohols were carried out in a 50 mL gas-tight batch reactor with a magnetic stirrer, and an oil bath was used to maintain the reaction temperature. In a typical run,0.07 g PI-HPM (5 wt.% (0.5 mol%) of oleic acid) were added to the mixture of oleic acid (5 mmol, 1.41 g) with methanol (50 mmol, 1.6 g), after stirring for 6 h at desired temperature (40, 60, 80 or 100 °C). The products were identified by comparison with the authentic samplesand finally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The conversion of oleic acid was determined using an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph equipped witha HP-5MS capillary column and FID detector; methyl caprylate was selected as internal standard. Stability test of the PI-HPM was carried out by runningfour consecutive experiments under the same reactionconditions (mole ratio of methanol to oleic acid: 10:1,reaction temperature: 80 °C, catalyst amount: 10 wt.% ofthe weight of oleic acid and reaction time: 6 h). Betweenthe catalytic experiments, the catalyst was separated fromthe reaction mixture by filtration, washed with methanoland dried at 110 °C. | |
With Cu3(BTC)2 modified with [HVIm-(CH2)3SO3H]HSO4 at 90℃; for 4h; | ||
With POSS-[VMPS][H2SO4] at 70℃; for 3h; | 2.2 Procedure for catalytic performance General procedure: The esterification reactions were performed using oleic acid with different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol) at different temperatures. Taking the esterification of oleic acid with methanol as an example, 0.01mol oleic acid, 0.2mol methanol, and 0.2mmol catalyst were added into a 50mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser. The mixture was reacted at 70°C for 3h without the addition of any solvents. Notably, the reactions performed at high temperatures (100°C and 120°C) were carried out in a 50mL autoclave. After the reaction, the solid catalyst can be easily recovered by centrifugation, and the reaction product was determined by GC-MS. | |
With asparaginium nitrate In chloroform at 70℃; for 5h; Green chemistry; | ||
at 160℃; for 18h; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | ||
With sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin at 60℃; for 1.5h; | General procedure for the synthesis of biodiesel. General procedure: To a fl ask was added different volume of SB-CDsolution, the solvent was evaporated by evaporatorand dried under vacuum at 40°C for 24 h, methanol andFFAs were added into the fl ask. The esterifi cation wasthen typically carried out for a length of time at a specifi ctemperature with vigorous stirring. After the reaction, theunreacted alcohol was recovered by distillation. Afterthe residue was cooled and kept for a while, the reactionmixture became biphasic. The upper phase containing thedesired biodiesel could be collected by decantation; thebottom phase, a mixture of catalyst and water generatedfrom the reaction, could be reused after removal of water(Fig. 1). Conversion data were calculated based on FFAsthrough KOH titration [24]. | |
With sulfuric acid at 40℃; for 12h; diastereoselective reaction; | ||
With Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on covalent organic framework In n-heptane at 70℃; for 1h; | ||
With Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase at 37℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium permanganate; acetone |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ozone; acetic acid Behandeln der Reaktionsloesung mit Zinkstaub und Wasser; | ||
Stage #1: oleic acid ethyl ester With osmium(VIII) oxide; 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide In water; acetone at 20℃; for 6h; Stage #2: With sodium periodate In water; acetone for 2h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With zinc chromite at 300℃; Hydrogenation; | ||
With zinc molybdate at 300℃; Hydrogenation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With methanol; Na/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 25℃; for 0.583333h; Inert atmosphere; | |
95% | Stage #1: oleic acid ethyl ester With sodium triethylborohydride In diethyl ether; toluene at 20℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In methanol; diethyl ether; toluene at 20℃; for 2h; | |
92.62% | With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether for 0.5h; Heating; |
85% | With ethylmagnesium bromide; poly(methylhydrosiloxane) In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether for 1.5h; Ambient temperature; | |
With sodium; toluene; butan-1-ol | ||
With sodium; xylene; <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol | ||
With ethanol; sodium | ||
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether | ||
With bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride; sodium hydroxide; n-butyllithium; Triethoxysilane 1.) THF, hexane, from -78 deg C to RT, 2.) THF, hexane, 1 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction; | ||
With C30H34Cl2N2P2Ru; potassium methanolate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; for 5h; Glovebox; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | 28 Example 28: Chemoselective hydrogenation of ester compounds catalyzed by ruthenium complex Ia General procedure: In a glove box, add a ruthenium complex Ia (0.7 mg, 0.001 mmol),Potassium methoxide (35-175 mg, 0.5-2.5 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (5-20 mL), and ester compounds (10-50 mmol).After sealing the autoclave, take it out of the glove box and fill it with 50atm of hydrogen.The reaction kettle was heated and stirred in an oil bath at 100 ° C for 10 to 24 hours.After the reaction kettle was cooled in an ice-water bath for 1.5 hours, the excess hydrogen was slowly released.The solvent was removed from the reaction solution under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified with a short silica gel column to obtain an alcohol compound. The results are shown in Table 6. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; sodium ethanolate oleynehydroxamic acid; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With peracetic acid at 30℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With diethyl ether; bromine at -10℃; ethyl ester of racemicene oleic acid dibromide; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate; sodium hydride; xylene | ||
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol for 5h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 2.1.2 (9Z, 28Z)-19-[(7Z)-7-hexadecenyl]-9,28-heptatriacontadiene-18,20-dione (3) Ethyl oleate (5g, 16mmol) and freshly prepared sodium ethylate (548mg, 8mmol) were stirred and warmed under reduced pressure until the reaction was completed (no more boiling ethanol). The reaction was next allowed to reach room temperature and acetic acid (30%, 3mL) was added. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (100mL) and washed with brine (3×50mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.55g (49%) of 3 as a yellow oil, which was not further purified. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | Stage #1: oleic acid ethyl ester With ozone In dichloromethane at -60℃; for 5h; Stage #2: With triphenylphosphine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; | |
89% | With ozone In methanol at -20℃; | |
With ethyl acetate bei der Ozonierung bei -40grad und anschliessenden Hydrierung an Palladium; |
(i) O3, CH2Cl2, (ii) Ph3P; Multistep reaction; | ||
With ozone Yield given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96%Chromat. | With hydrogen; In ethanol; water; at 23℃; under 760.051 Torr; | General procedure: Volumetric setup for hydrogenation [15] consisted ofthermostated glass reactor with a jacket and a gasburette. 10 mL of 95% ethanol, 50 mg of 5%Pd/C-SiO2 containing 2.5 mg (0.024 mmol) of Pd, 2.34 mmolof ketone or ester were put in a 30 mL reactor. Thereaction was performed with stirring at atmosphericpressure and 23±1. The volume of consumed hydrogenwas measured at constant pressure by matchingthe levels of a liquid in the burette and in theequilibrating vessel. After the hydrogenation wascomplete (the volume of consumed hydrogen becameconstant), 0.20 g (2.34 mmol) of ethyl acetate wasadded to the mixture, and the catalyst was filtered off.The composition and yield of the products weredetermined by GLC. Physico-chemical properties ofthe prepared compounds coincided with the referencedata [16-18]. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With tetrachloromethane; mercury(I) chloride; hydrogen fluoride und Erwaermen des Reaktionsprodukts mit wss.Natronlauge; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With tetrachloromethane; mercury(I) chloride; hydrogen fluoride |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With copper vanadium oxide at 275℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With zinc vanadium oxide at 300℃; Hydrogenation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With tris(2,4-pentanedionato)ruthenium(III); Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; dihydrogen peroxide In water; acetonitrile at 25℃; for 24h; | |
76% | With dihydrogen peroxide In isopropyl alcohol at 50℃; for 15h; | |
With peracetic acid; acetic acid |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate unter staendigem Abdestillieren des entstehenden Aethanols und Ansaeuren der Reaktionsloesung mit Essigsaeure; | ||
With sodium ethanolate unter staendigem Abdestillieren des entstehenden Aethanols und Ansaeuren der Reaktionsloesung mit Essigsaeure; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
54% | With sodium In chlorobenzene at 130 - 140℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid | ||
With sodium ethanolate at 25℃; for 1.5h; | ||
With CpLIP2 from Candida parapsilosis In aq. phosphate buffer at 30℃; for 0.25h; Enzymatic reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
32% | at 85℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | at 85℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With titanium(IV) isopropylate at 82℃; for 8h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 99% 2: 97% | With tetramethylstannane; tungsten(VI) chloride In benzene at 70℃; for 20h; | |
With C49H79Cl2N2O3PRuSi In neat (no solvent) at 40℃; for 0.3h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 46% 2: 46% | With tetramethylstannane; tungsten(VI) chloride In benzene at 70℃; for 20h; | |
1: 46% 2: 46% | With tetramethylstannane; tungsten(VI) chloride In benzene at 70℃; for 20h; other oleates, var. solvents and time; | |
With tetramethylstannane; tungsten(VI) chloride In benzene at 70℃; for 20h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 17 mg 2: 5 mg 3: 100 mg | With lipase PS-Celite In acetonitrile at 30℃; for 96h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
at 250 - 300℃; Hydrogenation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With acetone | ||
With pyridine; ethanol |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; diethyl ether at -78℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
46% | With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; diethyl ether at -78℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 21% 2: 23% | With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; diethyl ether at -78℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide In tetrachloromethane for 4h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With Novozym 435 at 37℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | With Novozym 435 at 37℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | With Novozym 435 at 37℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With Novozym 435 at 37℃; | |
76% | at 60℃; for 24h; | 2.A 5 mg of p-toluenesulphonic acid (Aldrich) are added to a solution of 50 mg of hydroxytyrosol (II) in 1.0 mL of ethyl oleate and the resulting mixture is heated at 60 °C for 24 hours. After leaving it to cool, it is washed with a saturated solution of NaHCO3, the organic fraction is gathered, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the mixture is introduced into a chromatography column for purification, with the pure hydroxytyrosol oleate being obtained, with a yield of 76%.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ : 6.62 (d, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 6.44 (dd, 1H), 5.31 (m, 2H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 2.67 (t, 2H), 223 (t, 2H), 1.97 (q, 4H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.25 (m, 20H), 0.84 (t, 3H) ppm.13C (DMSO-d6) δ : 172.7, 145.0, 143.7, 129.6, 128.5, 119.3, 116.1, 115.4, 64.5, 33.7, 33.4, 31.2, 29.0, 28.9, 28.7, 28.6, 28.5, 28.4, 28.3, 26.5, 24.3, 22.0. 13.8 ppmMass Spectrometry (MS) Calculated for C26H43O4 [M+H]+ : 419.316135 Determined by HRMS (Cl) : 419.315427 (1.7 ppm)Element analysis Calculated for C26H42O4 x 1/2 H2O : C, 73.07; H, 10.07 Found : C, 73.58; H, 10.48 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | In various solvent(s) at 80℃; for 4h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Dowex 50WX8-100 at 70℃; for 96h; | ||
With CpLIP2 from Candida parapsilosis In aq. phosphate buffer at 30℃; for 0.25h; Enzymatic reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 45 mmol 2: 11 mmol | With immobilized EL1 lipase In water; <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol at 30℃; for 4.16667h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With zirconocene bis(perfluorooctanesulfonate) trihydrate*(tetrahydrofuran) In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction; | |
80% | With immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei at 40℃; for 24h; | |
With sulfuric acid at 30℃; |
0% | at 80℃; for 12h; | |
With 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide at 60℃; Enzymatic reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 89 percent / O3 / methanol / -20 °C 2: NaBH4 / ethanol 3: pyridine / 0 °C 4: 6.2 g / LiI / acetone / 14 h / Heating |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 89 percent / O3 / methanol / -20 °C 2: NaBH4 / ethanol |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 89 percent / O3 / methanol / -20 °C 2: NaBH4 / ethanol 3: pyridine / 0 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: WCl6, SnMe4 / benzene / 20 h / 70 °C 2: 1.) BF3 (gas), 2.) H2 / 2.) 10percent Pd/C / 1.) C2H5OH, 30 psi, 90 deg C, 1 h, 2.) 300 psi, 165 deg C, 1 h |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: WCl6, SnMe4 / benzene / 20 h / 70 °C 2: BF3 (gas) / ethanol / 1 h / 90 °C / 1551.4 Torr |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: WCl6, SnMe4 / benzene / 20 h / 70 °C 2: BF3 (gas) / ethanol / 1 h / 90 °C / 1551.4 Torr |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 99 percent / WCl6, SnMe4 / benzene / 20 h / 70 °C 2: 63 percent / KH / tetrahydrofuran; pentane / 1 h / 55 °C 3: 93 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 80 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 99 percent / WCl6, SnMe4 / benzene / 20 h / 70 °C 2: 63 percent / KH / tetrahydrofuran; pentane / 1 h / 55 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 92.62 percent / LIAlH4 / diethyl ether / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 82.5 percent / triethylamine / diethyl ether / 12.5 h / -5 - 0 °C 3: 83.5 percent / NaI / acetone / 3 h / Heating | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium; butyl alcohol; toluene 2: phosphorus; iodine / 100 - 110 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone 3: 70 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone 3: 70 °C | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone / und folgendes Erwaermen des entstandenen, nicht trennbaren Gemisches der ψ-Heptadecenyl-isocyanate mit Alkohol | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone / und folgendes Erwaermen des entstandenen, nicht trennbaren Gemisches der ψ-Heptadecenyl-isocyanate mit Alkohol |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone 3: alkali carbonate |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetic acid anhydride; acetone / Erwaermen des entstandenen Gemisches von ψ-Heptadecenyl-isocyanaten mit Anilin | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetic acid anhydride; acetone / Erwaermen des entstandenen Gemisches von ψ-Heptadecenyl-isocyanaten mit Anilin |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sodium ethylate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 2: acetone 3: acetone |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: (i) O3, CH2Cl2, (ii) Ph3P 2: (i) K, HMPT, (ii) /BRN= 1769505/ |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei In various solvent(s) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With C50H73Cl2N2O3PRuSi In toluene at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide / water; acetone / 6 h / 20 °C 1.2: 2 h 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 20 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide / water; acetone / 6 h / 20 °C 1.2: 2 h 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 20 °C 3.1: (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride; silver hexafluoroantimonate / dichloromethane; toluene / 4 h / 20 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide / water; acetone / 6 h / 20 °C 1.2: 2 h 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 20 °C 3.1: (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride; silver hexafluoroantimonate / dichloromethane; toluene / 4 h / 20 °C 4.1: tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine][benzylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloride / toluene / 48 h / 85 °C / Inert atmosphere |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps 1.1: osmium(VIII) oxide; 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide / water; acetone / 6 h / 20 °C 1.2: 2 h 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 20 °C 3.1: (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride; silver hexafluoroantimonate / dichloromethane; toluene / 4 h / 20 °C 4.1: tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine][benzylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloride / toluene / 48 h / 85 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: rhenium(VII) oxide / diethyl ether / 0.17 h / 25 °C / Inert atmosphere |
Tags: 111-62-6 synthesis path| 111-62-6 SDS| 111-62-6 COA| 111-62-6 purity| 111-62-6 application| 111-62-6 NMR| 111-62-6 COA| 111-62-6 structure
Precautionary Statements-General | |
Code | Phrase |
P101 | If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand. |
P102 | Keep out of reach of children. |
P103 | Read label before use |
Prevention | |
Code | Phrase |
P201 | Obtain special instructions before use. |
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P210 | Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. |
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P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials. |
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P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
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P232 | Protect from moisture. |
P233 | Keep container tightly closed. |
P234 | Keep only in original container. |
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P240 | Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. |
P241 | Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment. |
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P265 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
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P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
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P282 | Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. |
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P285 | In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. |
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P235 + P410 | Keep cool. Protect from sunlight. |
Response | |
Code | Phrase |
P301 | IF SWALLOWED: |
P304 | IF INHALED: |
P305 | IF IN EYES: |
P306 | IF ON CLOTHING: |
P307 | IF exposed: |
P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
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P310 | Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
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P321 | |
P322 | |
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P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
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P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
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P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
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P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
P378 | |
P380 | Evacuate area. |
P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
P301 + P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P301 + P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
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P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
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P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
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P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
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Code | Phrase |
P401 | |
P402 | Store in a dry place. |
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P422 | |
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Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
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Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
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H228 | Flammable solid |
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H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
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H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
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H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
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H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
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H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
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