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Chemical Structure| 1218942-37-0 Chemical Structure| 1218942-37-0

Structure of GKT137831
CAS No.: 1218942-37-0

Chemical Structure| 1218942-37-0

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Setanaxib (GKT137831) is a selective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX1/4) with Ki values of 140 nM and 110 nM, respectively.

Synonyms: Setanaxib

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Product Citations

David W. Hammers ;

Abstract: The muscular dystrophies (MDs) are genetic muscle diseases that result in progressive muscle degeneration followed by the fibrotic replacement of affected muscles as regenerative processes fail. Therapeutics that specifically address the fibrosis and failed regeneration associated with MDs represent a major unmet clinical need for MD patients, particularly those with advanced-stage disease progression. The current study investigated targeting NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a potential strategy to reduce fibrosis and promote regeneration in disease-burdened muscle that models Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). NOX4 was elevated in the muscles of dystrophic mice and DMD patients, localizing primarily to interstitial cells located between muscle fibers. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of NOX4 significantly reduced fibrosis in dystrophic respiratory and limb muscles. Mechanistically, NOX4 targeting decreased the number of fibrosis-depositing cells (myofibroblasts) and restored the number of muscle-specific stem cells (satellite cells) localized to their physiological niche, thereby rejuvenating muscle regeneration. Furthermore, acute inhibition of NOX4 was sufficient to induce apoptotic clearing of myofibroblasts within dystrophic muscle. These data indicate that targeting NOX4 is an effective strategy to promote the beneficial remodeling of disease-burdened muscle representative of DMD and, potentially, other MDs and muscle pathologies.

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Product Details of GKT137831

CAS No. :1218942-37-0
Formula : C21H19ClN4O2
M.W : 394.85
SMILES Code : O=C1N(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)NC(C1=C(C3=CC=CC(N(C)C)=C3)N4C)=CC4=O
Synonyms :
Setanaxib
MDL No. :MFCD27923122
InChI Key :RGYQPQARIQKJKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :58496428

Safety of GKT137831

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H332-H335
Precautionary Statements:P280-P305+P351+P338-P310

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells 20 μM 24 h To evaluate the effect of GKT137831 on Ang II-induced ROS generation and Rac1 activity. Results showed that GKT137831 suppressed ROS generation but did not affect Rac1 activity. PMC3493679
human podocytes 20 µM 24 h GKT137831 reduced the high glucose-induced increase in ROS production and apoptosis rate in podocytes. PMC7812253
human hepatic stellate cells LX-2 40 ng/ml HGF reduced TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression PMC5606244
mouse stellate cells 40 ng/ml HGF reduced TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression PMC5606244
human lung fibroblasts 40 ng/ml HGF reduced TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression PMC5606244
mouse lung fibroblasts 40 ng/ml HGF reduced TGF-β-induced NOX4 expression PMC5606244
Primary prostate human fibroblasts 30 µM 48 h GKT137831 significantly attenuated the elevated migratory capacity of activated fibroblasts and reduced CAF marker expression and ROS production. PMC6067067
RAW264.7 macrophages 50 µM GKT137831 reduced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NOX4 activity without detectable cytotoxicity. PMC9125939
RMF-HGF 30 µM 48 h GKT137831 significantly inhibited the collagen contractile ability of RMF-HGF and reduced the release of extracellular H2O2. PMC9281082
CAF5 20 µM 24 h GKT137831 significantly reduced the ability of CAF5 to contract collagen, promote migration of breast cancer cells, and generate ROS. PMC9281082
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) 20 µM 2 h GKT137831 reduced ROS in the mitochondria of HPMC cells and reduced TGF-β1-induced mitochondrial damage. PMC11133371
H9c2 cardiomyocytes 1 μM 1 h Inhibited Dox-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation PMC7327979
Primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes 1 μM 1 h Inhibited Dox-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis PMC7327979

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
Mice CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model Intragastric injection 60 mg/kg Once daily for 3 weeks To evaluate the inhibitory effect of GKT137831 on liver fibrosis. Results showed that GKT137831 significantly reduced liver fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers. PMC3493679
Mice Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model Oral gavage 40mg/kg Every 12 hours for 3 days GKT137831 significantly reduced serum creatinine (sCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in FeD mice, indicating that it alleviated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting Nox4 activity. PMC9482792
mice db/db diabetic mice oral gavage 60 mg/kg three times a week for 16 weeks After 16 weeks of treatment with GKT137831, similar renoprotection as observed in SAL treated db/db mice was achieved, including alleviated mesangial hyperplasia and podocyte foot process effacement in glomeruli. PMC7812253
mice liver fibrosis models oral 10 mg/kg twice weekly GKT137831 combined with endothelial Hgf gene delivery promoted liver regeneration and reduced fibrosis PMC5606244
C57BL/6 mice Ti nanoparticle-induced calvarial osteolysis model Subperiosteal injection 1 mg/kg Once daily for 14 consecutive days GKT137831 prevented Ti nanoparticle-induced osteolysis by decreasing ROS levels and osteoclastogenesis through NOX4 inhibition. PMC9125939
Mice 4T1 syngeneic model Oral 60 mg/kg Daily for 30 days GKT137831 significantly inhibited the growth of 4T1 mammary tumors and reduced lung metastasis. PMC9281082
C57BL/6J mice Dox-induced dilated cardiomyopathy model Gavage 60 mg/kg Once daily for 6 weeks Inhibited NOX1 and NOX4 activity, alleviated Dox-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial damage PMC7327979

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT03740217 Phase 1 PHASE1 COMPLETED 2019-02-06 Eurofins Optimed, Gières, 3861... More >>0, France Less <<
NCT03226067 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Phase 2 Active, not recruiting September 26, 2019 -
NCT02010242 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With ... More >>Diabetic Nephropathy Less << Phase 2 Completed - -

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

2.53mL

0.51mL

0.25mL

12.66mL

2.53mL

1.27mL

25.33mL

5.07mL

2.53mL

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