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CAS No. :	137-40-6
Formula :	C₃H₅NaO₂
M.W :	96.06
SMILES Code :	CCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
MDL No. :	MFCD00002759
InChI Key :	JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Pubchem ID :	2723816

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H319
Precautionary Statements:	P305+P351+P338

J774-A1 cells	0.1, 1, 10 µM	10 minutes	To evaluate the protective effect of SP against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, results showed that SP at 1 µM and 10 µM significantly restored cell viability.	Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 24;21(8):3026
LO2 cells	0, 1, 2.5, 5 mM	12 hours	Sodium propionate significantly promoted the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in LO2 cells	Anim Nutr. 2023 Jul 22;15:88-98
HepG2 cells	0, 1, 2.5, 5 mM	12 hours	Sodium propionate significantly promoted the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in HepG2 cells	Anim Nutr. 2023 Jul 22;15:88-98
Mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs)	0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mM	12 hours pretreatment followed by 3 hours LPS stimulation	To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of sodium propionate on LPS-induced inflammatory response. Results showed that sodium propionate significantly suppressed TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production and increased histone H3 acetylation, indicating its role as an HDAC inhibitor.	Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 15;8:1108
AC16 cardiomyocytes	0.5 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on polystyrene nanoparticle-induced myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function-related indicators. Sodium propionate supplementation attenuated the expression of genes associated with myocardial fibrosis induced by NPs and restored FBP1 expression levels.	Part Fibre Toxicol. 2025 May 9;22(1):10
INS-1 cells	5 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on Kcnj11 expression in INS-1 cells, results showed that sodium propionate significantly decreased Kcnj11 mRNA and protein expression.	Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jan 19;13(1):67
Rat islets	5 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on insulin secretion from rat islets, results showed that sodium propionate significantly potentiated insulin secretion.	Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jan 19;13(1):67
J774-A1 cells	0.1, 1, 10 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of SP against LPS-induced cytotoxicity, results showed that SP at 1 µM and 10 µM significantly reduced LPS-induced damage.	Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 24;21(8):3026
J774-A1 cells	0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM and 1, 10 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of SP on cell viability, results showed that SP at 100 µM, 1 mM, and 10 mM significantly increased cell proliferation.	Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 24;21(8):3026
MDA-MB-231 cells	5, 10, 15 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on the expression of EMT-associated markers. Results showed that sodium propionate significantly downregulated β-catenin mRNA expression levels, upregulated E-cadherin expression, and downregulated vimentin expression.	Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Mar 12;13:1535563
MCF-7 cells	5, 10, 15 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on the expression of EMT-associated markers. Results showed that sodium propionate significantly downregulated β-catenin mRNA expression levels but had minimal effects on E-cadherin and vimentin expression.	Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Mar 12;13:1535563
MDA-MB-231 cells	5, 10, 15 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion. Results showed that sodium propionate significantly inhibited the migration and invasion capabilities of MDA-MB-231 cells.	Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Mar 12;13:1535563
U-138MG cells	10 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of SP on GBM cell viability. Results showed that SP decreased GBM cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner.	Cancers (Basel). 2022 Dec 29;15(1):217
A-172 cells	10 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of SP on GBM cell viability. Results showed that SP decreased GBM cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner.	Cancers (Basel). 2022 Dec 29;15(1):217
U-87 MG cells	10 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of SP on GBM cell viability. Results showed that SP decreased GBM cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner.	Cancers (Basel). 2022 Dec 29;15(1):217
Human primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs)	0.6 mM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of sodium propionate on LPS-induced injury in HPMECs. Results showed that SP treatment increased cell viability, restored normal cell morphology, and enhanced tube formation ability. Additionally, SP upregulated the expression of genes related to the VEGF signaling pathway.	J Inflamm Res. 2021 Mar 10;14:803-816
N38 cells	0, 10, 50, 100, 500 mM	4 and 12 hours	To explore the dose effect of propionate on AgRP expression, results showed that propionate dose-dependently decreased the mRNA levels of AgRP in N38 cells	Anim Nutr. 2022 Jun 17;10:390-398
MCF7 cells	5-20 mM	48 hours	Inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling leading to G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, increased ROS levels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation-induced apoptosis	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Aug;42(8):1311-1323
JIMT-1 cells	5-20 mM	48 hours	Inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling leading to G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, increased ROS levels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation-induced apoptosis	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Aug;42(8):1311-1323
MCF-7 cells	1, 3, 5, 10, 15 mM	48 hours (MCF-7) and 72 hours (MDA-MB-231)	To evaluate the effect of sodium propionate on 3D spheroid formation. Results showed that sodium propionate significantly reduced the area of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 spheroids, indicating inhibition of spheroid formation and growth.	Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Mar 12;13:1535563
Treg cells	100 µM to 400 µM	5 days	To evaluate the effect of SP on Treg cell induction, results showed that SP enhanced Treg responses at concentrations ranging from 100 μM to 400 μM	J Virol. 2021 Jan 28;95(4):e02056-20
Th17 cells	100 µM to 3.2 mM	5 days	To evaluate the effect of SP on Th17 cell induction, results showed that SP inhibited Th17 cell responses in a dose-dependent manner	J Virol. 2021 Jan 28;95(4):e02056-20
Th1 cells	100 µM to 3.2 mM	5 days	To evaluate the effect of SP on Th1 cell induction, results showed that SP inhibited Th1 cell responses in a dose-dependent manner	J Virol. 2021 Jan 28;95(4):e02056-20
Calf hepatocytes	0, 1, 2.5, 5 mM	6 or 12 hours	Sodium propionate significantly increased the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes and glucose production in calf hepatocytes	Anim Nutr. 2023 Jul 22;15:88-98

C57BL/6J male mice	DSS-induced colitis model	Oral	1% (w/v)	14 consecutive days	Sodium propionate ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress	Front Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 15;7:253
Mice (C57BL/6J)	LPS-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) model	Intraperitoneal injection	1.2 mg/g	Once daily for 7 days	To evaluate the protective effect of sodium propionate on LPS-induced BPD in neonatal mice. Results showed that SP treatment improved alveolar simplification, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, and promoted angiogenesis. Additionally, SP exerted protective effects by activating the Nrf2 pathway.	J Inflamm Res. 2021 Mar 10;14:803-816
Sprague-Dawley rats	Carrageenan-induced paw edema model	Oral	10, 30, 100 mg/kg	Single administration, lasting 6 hours	To evaluate the effect of SP on carrageenan-induced inflammatory response, results showed that SP at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced paw edema and tissue damage.	Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 24;21(8):3026
BALB/c mice	S. aureus-induced mastitis model	Intraperitoneal injection	100 mg/kg	Single dose, 1 hour before infection	Sodium propionate alleviates S. aureus-induced mastitis by regulating blood-milk barrier permeability and reducing inflammatory responses.	ISME J. 2020 Jul;14(7):1897-1910
Pigs	Fistula pig model	Caecal infusion	2 M	Twice daily for 28 days	To investigate the effects of sodium propionate on the composition of colonic microbial community and the expression of inflammatory-related genes. Results showed that sodium propionate infusion increased the concentration of propionate and decreased butyrate in colonic content; at the phylum level, propionate increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reduced Firmicutes; in gene expression, propionate upregulated NF-κB and IL-18 expression.	Microb Biotechnol. 2018 Sep;11(5):859-868
Pigs	Cecal fistula pig model	Intra-cecal infusion	2 mM, 25 mL	Twice daily for 28 days	To investigate the impact of propionate on pig appetite and gastrointestinal hormone secretion, results showed that propionate infusion reduced short-term feed intake, stimulated PYY and GLP-1 secretion from colonic tissue, and downregulated the expression of appetite-related gene AgRP in the hypothalamus	Anim Nutr. 2022 Jun 17;10:390-398
Athymic NCr-nu/nu mice	Breast cancer cell xenograft model	Drinking water administration	20 mg/mL	Continuous administration until the end of the study	Significantly suppressed tumor growth by regulating STAT3 and p38 in tumor tissues	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Aug;42(8):1311-1323
BALB/c nude mice	GBM xenograft model	Oral	30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg	Once daily for two weeks	To evaluate the effect of SP on GBM tumor growth. Results showed that SP significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, and promoted apoptosis and autophagy pathways through PPAR-γ signaling.	Cancers (Basel). 2022 Dec 29;15(1):217
BALB/c mice	LPS-induced mastitis model	Intraperitoneal injection	50, 100, 200 mg/kg	Single dose, 24 hours duration	To evaluate the protective effects of sodium propionate against LPS-induced mastitis. Results showed that sodium propionate attenuated histopathological changes, reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and myeloperoxidase activity, and restored blood-milk barrier function.	Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 15;8:1108
C57BL/6 mice	HSV-1-induced ocular inflammation model	Oral (drinking water)	500 mM	Starting 3 weeks prior to viral infection and continuing until the termination of the study	To evaluate the effect of SP on HSV-1-induced ocular inflammation, results showed that SP significantly reduced ocular lesions, decreased inflammatory T cells, and increased the ratio of regulatory T cells	J Virol. 2021 Jan 28;95(4):e02056-20
Male Kunming SPF-grade mice	Diarrhea with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome model	Oral gavage	60 mg/kg	Twice daily for 7 consecutive days	The 75% Sishen Pill combined with 60 mg/kg sodium propionate significantly alleviated symptoms related to Diarrhea with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome, and it enhanced intestinal immune function and reduced intestinal inflammation by modulating the intestinal microbiota.	J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jun 5;18:7195-7214

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CAS No.: 137-40-6

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CAS No.: 137-40-6

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed