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Chemical Structure| 102-32-9 Chemical Structure| 102-32-9

Structure of 102-32-9

Chemical Structure| 102-32-9

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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid is a metabolite of dopamine, it can modulate the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and protects the cells from the acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity in vitro.

Synonyms: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; NSC 73191; DOPAC

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Yee Yee Khine ; Han Nguyen ; Favour Afolabi ; Chien-Chi Lin ;

Abstract: The mechanics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impact disease progression and the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics. While it is recognized that advanced in vitro cancer models will benefit cancer research, none of the current engineered extracellular matrices (ECM) adequately recapitulate the highly dynamic TME. Through integrating reversible boronate-ester bonding and dithiolane ring-opening polymerization, we fabricated synthetic polymer hydrogels with tumor-mimetic fast relaxation and reversibly tunable elastic moduli. Importantly, the crosslinking and dynamic stiffening of matrix mechanics were achieved in the absence of a photoinitiator, often the source of cytotoxicity. Central to this strategy was Poly(PEGA-co-LAA-co-AAPBA) (PELA), a highly defined polymer synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. PELA contains dithiolane for initiator-free gel crosslinking, stiffening, and softening, as well as boronic acid for complexation with diol-containing to give rise to tunable viscoelasticity. PELA hydrogels were highly cytocompatible for dynamic culture of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that the fast-relaxing matrix induced mesenchymal phenotype of cancer cells, and dynamic matrix stiffening restricted tumor spheroid growth. Moreover, this new dynamic viscoelastic hydrogel system permitted sequential stiffening and softening to mimic the physical changes of TME.

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Lin, Fang-Yi ; Chang, Chun-Yi ; Nguyen, Han ; Li, Hudie ; Fishel, Melissa L. ; Lin, Chien-Chi

Abstract: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to direct cancer cell growth, migration, invasion into the matrix and distant tissues, and to confer drug resistance in cancer cells. While multiple aspects of TME have been studied using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo tumor models and engineering tools, the influence of matrix viscoelasticity on pancreatic cancer cells and its associated TME remained largely unexplored. In this contribution, we synthesized a new biomimetic hydrogel with tunable matrix stiffness and stress-relaxation for evaluating the effect of matrix viscoelasticity on pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) behaviors in vitro. Using three simple monomers and Reverse-Addition Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (RAFT) polymerization, we synthesized a new class of phenylboronic acid containing polymers (e.g., poly (OEGA-s-HEAA-s-APBA) or PEHA). Norbornene group was conjugated to HEAA on PEHA via carbic anhydride, affording a new NB and BA dually modified polymer - PEHNBA amenable for orthogonal thiol-norbornene photopolymerization and boronate ester diol complexation. The former provided tunable matrix elasticity, while the latter gave rise to matrix stress-relaxation (or viscoelasticity). The new PEHNBA polymers were shown to be highly cytocompatible for in situ encapsulation of PCCs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that hydrogels with high stress-relaxation promoted spreading of CAFs, which in turns promoted PCC proliferation and spreading in the viscoelastic matrix. Compared with elastic matrix, viscoelastic gels upregulated the secretion of soluble proteins known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study demonstrated the crucial influence of matrix viscoelasticity on pancreatic cancer cell fate and provided an engineered viscoelastic matrix for future studies and applications related to TME.

Keywords: Hydrogels ; Viscoelasticity ; Pancreatic cancer ; RAFT ; Cancer associated fibroblasts

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Alternative Products

Product Details of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid

CAS No. :102-32-9
Formula : C8H8O4
M.W : 168.15
SMILES Code : O=C(O)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1
Synonyms :
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; NSC 73191; DOPAC
MDL No. :MFCD00004338

Safety of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

5.95mL

1.19mL

0.59mL

29.74mL

5.95mL

2.97mL

59.47mL

11.89mL

5.95mL

Dissolving Methods
Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn:

in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day;

The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
Protocol 1
Protocol 2
The prepared working fluid is recommended to be prepared now and used up as soon as possible in a short period of time. The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
Protocol 1

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