* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
With selenium(IV) oxide In pyridineHeating / reflux
2-phenyl-4-methylpyridine (6 g, 35.4 mmol) and SeO2 (24 g, 216 mmol) were refluxed in pyridine (100 ml) overnight under argon. The mixture was then filtered through celite while hot. The Celite filter cake was rinsed with pyridine (3x50 ml) and the resulting filtrate evaporated to dryness. The solid thus obtained was triturated in water (200 ml) and filtered off. The resulting brown solid was suspended in a mixture of water (150 ml) and MeOH (200 ml) and made basic by addition of an aqueous NaOH solution. The mixture was then filtered over Celite to removed some insoluble materials. The filtrate was then acidified with concentrated HCl. MeOH was evaporated and the formed precipitate was filtered, washed with water, then small portions Of Et2O (3x20 ml) and finally dried to afford 5.9 g (84percent) of the titled compound as a slightly brown solid.
Reference:
[1] Patent: WO2007/4113, 2007, A2, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 24
[2] Dalton Transactions, 2012, vol. 41, # 9, p. 2582 - 2591
[3] Annali di Chimica Applicata, 1931, vol. 21, p. 553,556
With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid; In chloroform; at 0 - 20℃; for 12h;
General procedure: To a stirred solution of 2-phenylpyridines (6 mmol) in CHCl3 (2 mL) was added 70percent m-CPBA (1 equiv.), portionwise at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h, at which time complete consumption of starting material was observed by TLC. The reaction mixture was diluted with CHCl3, and solid K2CO3 (4 equiv.) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for an additional 10 min. The solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the 2-phenylpyridine N-oxides in yields of 60-85percent.
With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid; In chloroform; at 0 - 20℃;
General procedure: To a stirred solution of N-heteroaromatic compounds in chloroform (0.5 M) was added meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) (2.0 eq) in portions at 0 °C. After the completion of this course, the reaction mixture was allowed up to room temperature and stirred overnight. An aqueous solution of saturated K2CO3 was added to the mixture to neutralize residual m-CPBA. The resulting mixture was extracted with CHCl3 and isopropanol (volume ratio = 9:1) three times (3 x 30 mL). The organic phase were combined and washed with saturated NaCl solution (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude products, which were purified by column chromatography. The new products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS.
With bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; potassium carbonate; In tetrahydrofuran; at 60℃; for 12h;Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;
To Schlenk bottle was added 2-bromo-4-methyl-pridine (1720 mg, 10 mmol), phenylboronic acid (1332 mg, 11 mmol), K2CO3 (2760 mg, 20 mmol), Pd(Ph3P)2Cl2 (701 mg, 1 mmol) and THF (60 mL). The solution was stirred and refluxed at 60 C for 12 h under Ar. Then the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and poured into 200 mL of EtOAc and 200 mL of water. The solution was separated into two phases, the upper EtOAc was dried by Na2SO4 and then concentrated under vacuum. After evaporation, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica with (eluten: PE/EtOAc=50:1) to give the light yellow oil liquid 4-methyl-2-phenyl-pridine (1605 mg, 95 %).
85%
With palladium diacetate; potassium carbonate; triphenylphosphine; In methanol; acetonitrile; at 65℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere;
General procedure: Method B: The preparation of 2-Bromopyridines with arylboronic acids was according to literature procedures.[1] To a 50-mL fire-dried flask was charged with 2-Bromopyridines (5 mmol, 1.0 eq), arylboronic acid (5.5 mmol, 1.5 eq), K2CO3 (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol, 2.0 eq), Pd(OAc)2 (56.0 mg, 0.25 mmol, 5.0 mol% ), PPh3 (131.0 mg, 0.5 mmol, 10.0 mol% ), CH3CN (10.0 mL) and methanol (5.0 mL). The mixture was degassed through a freeze-thaw-pump thread for three times. The reaction was stirred at 65 C for 24 hours. To the reaction mixture was added brine (15 mL) and ethyl acetate (15 mL). The phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 × 15 mL). The combined organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The product was isolated by flash-column chromatography on silica gel (300-400 mesh).
With bromine; sodium carbonate; In tetrachloromethane;
To a solution of 100 mg of <strong>[3475-21-6]2-phenyl-4-methylpyridine</strong> in 2 mL of carbon tetrachloride was added 300 mg of sodium carbonate and 100 mg of bromine. The reaction mixture was stirred and irradiated with a 500 W lamp for 1 h, filtered and the solvent removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to yield 2-phenyl-4-bromomethylpyridine which was used in the next step without further purification or characterization
Example 8: Preparation of 1-(4-chlorophenylamino)-4-[(2-phenyl-4-pyridyl)methyl]phthalazine [43.1] Step 1: Preparation of 2-(2-phenylpyridin-4-ylidene)indan-1,3-dione [43.2] Under exclusion of air, a mixture of phthalic anhydride (4.38 g, 29.5 mmol) and <strong>[3475-21-6]2-phenyl-4-picoline</strong> (5.0 g, 29.5 mmol) was heated to 200°C. The reaction melt was stirred at 200°C for 14h until a yellow precipitate was formed. The reaction was cooled to 100°C and ethanol (300 mL) was added. The resultant brown mass was refluxed in ethanol for 1h and sonicated in a water bath to break up the compound. The precipitate was filtered and triturated in ethanol (100 mL) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (3.2 g, 10.7 mmol, 36percent yield). 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 12.06 (broad s, 1H), 9.04 (d, J = 1.3, 1H), 8.68 (dd, J = 6.7, 1.3, 1 H), 8.17 (d, J = 6.7, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J = 8.0, 5.2, 2H), 7.61 to 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.45 to 7.53 (m, 4H); MS ES 300 (M+H)+, calc. 299; TLC (1:2:8 v/v methanol-acetone-dichloromethane)Rf= 0.32.
2-(2-phenylpyridin-4-ylidene)indan-1,3-dione[ No CAS ]
Yield
Reaction Conditions
Operation in experiment
36%
at 200℃; for 14h;
Step 1: Preparation of 2-(2-phenylpyridin-4-ylidene)indan-1,3-dione Under exclusion of air, a mixture of phthalic anhydride (4.38 g, 29.5 mmol) and <strong>[3475-21-6]2-phenyl-4-picoline</strong> (5.0 g, 29.5 mmol) was heated to 200° C. The reaction melt was stirred at 200° C. for 14 h until a yellow precipitate was formed. The reaction was cooled to 100° C. and ethanol (300 mL) was added. The resultant brown mass was refluxed in ethanol for 1 h and sonicated in a water bath to break up the compound. The precipitate was filtered and triturated in ethanol (100 mL) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (3.2 g, 10.7 mmol, 36percent yield). 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 12.06 (broad s, 1H), 9.04 (d, J=1.3, 1H), 8.68 (dd, J=6.7, 1.3, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=6.7, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=8.0, 5.2, 2H), 7.61 to 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.45 to 7.53 (m, 4H); MS ES 300 (M+H)+, calc. 299; TLC (1:2:8 v/v methanol-acetone-dichloromethane) Rf=0.32.
2-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-4-methylpyridine[ No CAS ]
[ 595-90-4 ]
[ 3475-21-6 ]
Yield
Reaction Conditions
Operation in experiment
With lithium chloride; In 1,4-dioxane; N-methyl-acetamide;
To a solution of 1.65 g 2-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-4-methylpyridine in 30 mL of dimethylformamide and 30 mL of dioxane was added PdCl2 (PPh3)2 (400 mg), lithium chloride (873 mg) and tetraphenyltin (10.5 g). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 3 hr, cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was diluted with 1N hydrochloric acid, washed with 250 mL ether, then basified with 2N sodium hydroxide and extracted with 2*250 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with 150 mL water, separated and the ethyl acetate removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to yield 900 mg of 2-phenyl-4-methylpyridine as an oil.
tetrakis(2-phenyl-4-methylpyridinato-N,C(2'))bis(μ-chloro)diiridium(III)[ No CAS ]
[ 3475-21-6 ]
C36H30IrN3[ No CAS ]
Yield
Reaction Conditions
Operation in experiment
90%
The dimeric iridium (III) complex [Ir(L)2(Cl)]2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in 30 ml of methoxyethanol solvent under nitrogen. To this solution was added L (2-3 equivalents), and then the reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring for 1-2 hours. Then, tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide (2 equivalent) was introduced into the reaction mixture and was refluxed for 10-25 hours. After which the solution was evaporated to dryness and the resulting solid was collected on a sintered glass crucible, washed thoroughly with ethanol. The yield of the dried product is 90percent.
With SiO2; In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; hexane; water; ethyl acetate;
Synthesis of 4-methyl-2-phenylpyridine A 1 L round bottom flask was charged with 2-chloro-4-methylpyridine (25 g, 196 mmol), phenylboronic acid (23.9 g, 196 mmol), potassium carbonate (81 g, 588 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (2.3 g, 1.9 mmol), dimethoxyethane (500 mL) and water (150 mL). The reaction mixture was degassed with nitrogen and heated to reflux for 22 h. After cooling, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc; the organic portion was combined and subjected to column chromatography (SiO2, 5percent EtOAc in hexane to 10percent EtOAc in hexane) to give 28 g (78percent) of 4-methyl-2-phenylpyridine. The product was confirmed by NMR and GC/MS.
78%
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate; In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; water; for 22h;Inert atmosphere; Reflux;
to 1 L round bottom flask was fed into the 2-chloro-4-methylpyridine (25 g, 196 mmol), phenyl acid (23.9 g, 196 mmol), potassium carbonate (81 G, 588 mmol), of Pd (PPh33)4(2.3 G, 1.9 mmol), dimethoxyethane (500 mL) and water (150 mL).The reaction mixture was degassed with nitrogen and heated to reflux for 22 h.After cooling, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc; the organic portion of the organic portion and so through column chromatography (of SiO2, 5percent EtOAc in hexanes to 10percent EtOAc in hexanes) to obtain 28 g (78percent) methyl-2-phenylpyridine.The product is confirmed by NMR and GC / MS.
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate; In ethanol; water; toluene; at 80℃; for 48h;
A mixture of 2-chloro-4-methylpyridine (25 mmol), boronic acids (30 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.86 g, 3 molpercent) in mixture of toluene (75 mL), ethanol (10 mL) and potassium carbonate (2.0 M in water, 28mL) was stirred at 80°C for 48 h. The mixture was added brine (40 mL) and extracted four times with ethyl acetate (4 x 25 mL), the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the product was isolated by short column chromatography using ethyl acetate and petroleum as eluent.
With ammonium chloride; lithium diisopropyl amide; In tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate;
Synthesis of 4-ethyl-2-phenylpyridine To <strong>[3475-21-6]4-methyl-2-phenylpyridine</strong> (8 g, 47.3 mmol) in dry THF (150 mL) at -78° C. was added dropwise lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (30.7 mL, 61.5 mmol). The dark solution was stirred for 3 h at -78° C. and then CH3I was added (4.1 mL, 66.2 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature overnight. Ammonium chloride solution and EtOAc were added and the reaction transferred to a reparatory funnel. The layers were separated, washing the aqueous twice with EtOAc and combined organics once with water. After removal of the solvent, the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 9/1 (v/v) hexane/EtOAc to give 5.5 g (63.5percent) of 4-ethyl-2-phenylpyridine. HPLC purity: 99.0percent.