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CAS No. :	4192-90-9
Formula :	C₂₁H₂₄O₁₀
M.W :	436.41
SMILES Code :	O=C(C1=C(O)C=C(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O2)O)O)O)C=C1O)CCC3=CC=C(O)C=C3
Synonyms :	Phloretin-4-O-glucoside; P-Phlorizin; Phloretin-4-O-glucoside, Trilobatin
MDL No. :	MFCD21333313
InChI Key :	GSTCPEBQYSOEHV-QNDFHXLGSA-N
Pubchem ID :	6451798

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338

Primary cortical neurons	12.5, 25, 50 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of Trilobatin on corticosterone-induced neuronal injury. Results showed that Trilobatin concentration-dependently inhibited corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity, restored cell viability, and reduced LDH release.	J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Mar 5;73(9):5163-5179
C2C12 myotubes	0.1, 1.0, 10 µM	24 hours	Trilobatin prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance by enhancing glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AKT, and recovered the translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane.	Chin Med. 2020 Oct 12;15:110
Huh 7 cells	0.1, 1.0, 10, 50, 100 µM	24 hours	High concentrations of Trilobatin significantly induced the proliferation of Huh 7 cells.	Molecules. 2019 Sep 18;24(18):3390
HepG2 cells	50 µM or 100 µM	24 hours	High concentrations of Trilobatin significantly induced the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Compared to the control, incubation with 50 or 100 μM trilobatin for 24 h increased the number of viable HepG2 cells by 35% and 50% respectively.	Molecules. 2019 Sep 18;24(18):3390
BV2 cells	12.5-50 µM	48 hours	TLB concentration-dependently increased cell viability by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Oct;43(10):2482-2494
PC12 cells	15, 30, 60 µM	48 hours	TLB significantly suppressed H2O2-induced PC12 cell damage by enhancing cell viability, inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and decreasing mitochondrial ROS overgeneration, thereby delaying cell apoptosis.	Front Mol Neurosci. 2018 Jul 30;11:267
Hippocampal HT22 cells	12.5, 25, 50 µM	48 hours	TLB significantly attenuated Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cell death, as evidenced by MTT assay and LDH release. TLB dramatically mitigated cell death after Aβ25–35 insult via decreasing the intracellular and mitochondrial ROS overproduction and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as suppressing apoptosis.	Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 19;11:584

KK-Ay mice	Type 2 diabetes model	Intragastric administration	10 and 20 mg/kg	Twice a day for 28 weeks	TLB significantly reduced the high fasting blood glucose level and insulin resistance and promoted the tolerances to exogenous glucose and insulin in KK-Ay mice. Moreover, TLB reduced the content of reactive oxygen species; enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities, including serum catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase; and regulated the abnormal parameters of lipid metabolism, including triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and free fatty acid.	Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 27;13:828473
Ob/ob mice	Ob/ob mice (obesity-induced insulin resistance model)	Intragastric (i.g.)	10 mg/kg	Once daily for 4 weeks	Trilobatin significantly improved insulin resistance by decreasing fasting blood glucose and insulin in serum, enhancing the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AKT, and recovering the expression and translocation of GLUT4 in ob/ob mice.	Chin Med. 2020 Oct 12;15:110
C57BL/6 mice	Diabetic model	Intragastric administration	10 mg/kg	Single dose, blood glucose measured at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes	Trilobatin significantly attenuated the intake of glucose in C57BL/6 mice, indicating its activity as an SGLT1/2 inhibitor.	Molecules. 2019 Sep 18;24(18):3390
C57BL/6J mice	DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model	Oral gavage	10, 20, 40 mg/kg	Once daily for 5 consecutive days	TLB significantly alleviated DSS-induced UC symptoms, including weight loss, colon length shortening, and improvement in histopathological lesions. TLB also reduced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-22).	Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Mar;12(10):e2412234
Mice	Exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue model	Gavage	2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg	Twice a day for 28 days	TLB alleviates exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue and oxidative stress by mediating the Nrf2/ARE/ferroptosis signaling pathway	Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 24;13:913367
Sprague-Dawley rats	High-fat diet-induced obese rat model	Intragastric gavage	30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg	Once daily for four weeks	Trilobatin significantly reduced body and liver weight gain induced by a high-fat diet, and the accumulation of perirenal fat, epididymal fat, and brown fat in SD obese rats. Additionally, Trilobatin increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, and significantly altered the composition of gut microbiota.	Nutrients. 2021 Mar 10;13(3):891
Rice	Purple rice	Foliar spray	30 mg/L	Once	Exogenous application of Trilobatin significantly increased the total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity of purple rice grains	Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 3;13(23):3389
APP/PS1 transgenic mice	Alzheimer's disease model	Intragastrically	4, 8 mg/kg/day	Twice a day for 3 months	TLB significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated the cognitive deficits in the two AD animal models	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Oct;43(10):2482-2494
C57BL/6J wild-type mice	Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like behavior model	Gavage	5, 10, 20 mg/kg	Twice daily for 4 weeks	To evaluate the alleviative effect of Trilobatin on CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior. Results showed that Trilobatin dose-dependently increased body weight, improved sucrose preference, reduced immobility time, and restored mitochondrial dynamic balance and antioxidant enzyme activities.	J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Mar 5;73(9):5163-5179
ICR mice	Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model	Intragastric administration	50 and 100 mg/kg	10 consecutive days	TLB significantly reversed the inhibition of CRE, BUN, and MDA levels compared with the cisplatin group and significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced renal pathological changes. TLB alleviated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the AKT/MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis.	ACS Omega. 2022 Oct 13;7(42):37401-37409
Caenorhabditis elegans	Wild-type N2 and various mutant strains	Administration via NGM medium	62.5, 125, 250 μM	Continuous administration until the end of the experiment	TLB significantly extended lifespan, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and acted through the SKN1/SIRT3/DAF16 signaling pathway	Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 15;12:655045

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CAS No.: 4192-90-9

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CAS No.: 4192-90-9

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed