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Chemical Structure| 53123-88-9 Chemical Structure| 53123-88-9

Structure of Rapamycin
CAS No.: 53123-88-9

Chemical Structure| 53123-88-9

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Rapamycin is a specific mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of ~0.1 nM.

Synonyms: Sirolimus; AY-22989; D00753

4.5 *For Research Use Only !

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Leclercq, Gabrielle ; Haegel, Hélène ; Toso, Alberto ; Zimmermann, Tina ; Green, Luke ; Steinhoff, Nathalie , et al.

Abstract: Background: T cell engaging therapies, like chimeric antigen receptor T cells and T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs), efficiently redirect T cells towards tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in subsequent tumor cell killing, a process that is accompanied by the release of cytokines. Despite their promising efficacy in the clinic, treatment with TCBs is associated with a risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The aim of this study was to identify small molecules able to mitigate cytokine release while retaining T cell-mediated tumor killing. Methods: By screening a library of 52 Food and Drug Administration approved kinase inhibitors for their impact on T cell proliferation and cytokine release after CD3 stimulation, we identified mTOR, JAK and Src kinases inhibitors as potential candidates to modulate TCB-mediated cytokine release at pharmacologically active doses. Using an in vitro model of target cell killing by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we assessed the effects of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors combined with 2+1 T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) including CEA-TCB and CD19-TCB on T cell activation, proliferation and target cell killing measured by flow cytometry and cytokine release measured by Luminex. The combination of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors together with CD19-TCB was evaluated in vivo in non-tumor bearing stem cell humanized NSG mice in terms of B cell depletion and in a lymphoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in humanized NSG mice in terms of antitumor efficacy. Results: The effect of Src inhibitors differed from those of mTOR and JAK inhibitors with the suppression of CD19-TCB-induced tumor cell lysis in vitro, whereas mTOR and JAK inhibitors primarily affected TCB-mediated cytokine release. Importantly, we confirmed in vivo that Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors strongly reduced CD19-TCB-induced cytokine release. In humanized NSG mice, continuous treatment with a Src inhibitor prevented CD19-TCB-mediated B cell depletion in contrast to mTOR and JAK inhibitors, which retained CD19-TCB efficacy. Ultimately, transient treatment with Src, mTOR and JAK inhibitors minimally interfered with antitumor efficacy in a lymphoma PDX model. Conclusions: Taken together, these data support further evaluation of the use of Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors as prophylactic treatment to prevent occurrence of CRS.

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Leclercq, Gabrielle ;

Abstract: T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are a novel class of T cell engagers redirecting T cells towards tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in tumor celllysis. On-target activity of TCBs may come with a risk of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α or IFN-γ and over activation of immune cells. Besides, the expression of the tumorassociated antigen on healthy cells may induce off-tumor activity of the TCB and contribute to inflammation. Despite the use of step-up dosing, glucocorticoids, or tocilizumab to manage or prevent these safety liabilities, they remain the major dose-limiting toxicities associated with the treatment of T cell engagers, highlighting the need to develop preventive mitigation treatments. To this aim, we investigated the biological mechanisms and the chronology of events involved in TCB-mediated cytokine release and explored mitigation strategies that might retain profound treatment efficacy while reducing cytokine release. Using an in vitro co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or total leukocytes(PBMCs + neutrophils) and target cells with the respective TCBs, or whole blood treated with a B cell depleting TCB, we confirmed the contribution of T cell and myeloid cells and revealed the role of neutrophils in the TCB-mediated cytokine release. In the same model, the use of anticytokine neutralizing antibodies provided insights into the chronology of events triggering the cascade of cytokines after TCB stimulation. Ultimately this work guided the evaluation of mitigation strategies directed against T-cell derived cytokine release by targeting kinases involved in signaling pathways downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) after stimulation with TCBs. A novel small molecule-kinase inhibitors screen identified mTOR, JAK and Src inhibitors as candidates to switch-off T-cell derived cytokine release. We validated the effects of these kinase inhibitors and fine-tuned their effective doses in in vitro co-cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor cells with the respective TCBs. In vivo, we used nontumor or tumor-bearing-humanized NSG mice to assess the effect of mTOR, JAK and Srcinhibitors on CD19-TCB-mediated cytokine release and anti-tumor efficacy. Altogether, we confirmed the biological mechanisms of the TCB-mediated cytokine cascade and revealed the contribution of neutrophils. Our work on kinase inhibitors highlights their differential activities on the inhibition of cytokine release and/or T cell cytotoxicity and demonstrates the decoupling between both mechanisms. Our data open new horizons for the prophylactic mitigation of CRS with the use of FDA approved mTOR and JAK inhibitors or the transient use of the Src inhibitor dasatinib. Finally, our results also indicate that dasatinib may serve as an “antidote” against adverse events related to the treatment with TCBs such as high grade CRS or unpredictable off-tumor activity of TCBs, a strategy which is now implemented the clinic.

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Alternative Products

Product Details of Rapamycin

CAS No. :53123-88-9
Formula : C51H79NO13
M.W : 914.17
SMILES Code : O=C(C([C@](O[C@]1([H])C[C@@H](/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H]2C)OC)([C@@H](CC1)C)O)=O)N(CCCC3)[C@]3([H])C(O[C@](CC([C@@H](/C=C([C@H]([C@H](C([C@H](C)C2)=O)OC)O)\C)C)=O)([H])[C@H](C)C[C@H](CC[C@H]4O)C[C@H]4OC)=O
Synonyms :
Sirolimus; AY-22989; D00753
MDL No. :MFCD00867594
InChI Key :QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N
Pubchem ID :5284616

Safety of Rapamycin

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Related Pathways of Rapamycin

PI3K-AKT

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Target
  • mTOR

    mTOR, IC50:~0.1 nM

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
C2C12 cells 100 nM PMC9675748
F98 astrocytoma cells 100 nM 24 h To investigate the cytoprotective effect of rapamycin against GO-induced apoptosis. PMC7081710
Primary articular chondrocytes 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 nM 2 days to assess cell viability. PMC10548624
Drosophila S2 cells 100 nM 2 h To examine translational activity at the whole-transcriptome level by ribosome profiling. PMC7423359
MSCs 50 nM improved colony-forming capability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of TNFα−/− MSCs PMC7775432
MDMs 10 nM 24 h To investigate the effect of metabolic reprogramming on cytokine production. PMC7210971
yeast cells 200 nM 1.5 h To study the upregulation of RPACs and the effects on proteasome assembly under TORC1 inhibition. PMC9276530
CHO-Gal4 cells 0 or 50 nM 12 h TF clustering directly enhances transcriptional activation and amplifies target gene expression. PMC9106659
yeast cells 1 ng/ul 1 h induce CICI formation PMC8828778
HL60 and U937 cells 500 mg/mL 24 h To evaluate the cytokine profiles and elimination capacity of CAR-T cells; rapamycin-pretreated exhibited lower AML residues. PMC9401534
MLE-12 cells 10 μg/ml 24 h To explore the effect of autophagy activation with rapamycin treatment on SWCNTs-induced senescence and FMT in MLE-12 cells. PMC9970859
HeLa 1 μM 80 min To study the effects of rapamycin on immunostaining in HeLa cells expressing a specific construct. PMC9715632
COS-7 cells 100 nM 50 min The purpose was to evaluate the effect of rapamycin on mitochondrial deformation, resulting in a ~60% decrease in TMRE signal. PMC9338259
SCC-25 cells 200 nM up to 18 h To induce autophagy and assess its effect on FN1 degradation, showing that increased autophagic activity correlates with reduced FN1 levels. PMC7736930
Raw264.7 cells 10 µM 2 h To evaluate the role of mTOR in BSNP-induced trained immunity, assessing inflammatory cytokine expression and phagocytosis. PMC8692910
CD25+ cells 100 ng/ml days 4, 7, 11 and 18 To facilitate ex vivo CD25+ cell expansion. PMC9763232
MEFs 5 μmol 3 h To induce autophagy and analyze LC3B expression. PMC8787410
HEK293T 333 nM Disruption of FUS condensates and prevention of new condensate formation. PMC7985322
Tsc2-deficient cells 20 nM Had no additional effect on the proliferation of Tsc2-deficient cells, but decreased the expression of Tfeb by about 2-fold. PMC8275687
yeast cells 1 µM 5 min disruption of mismatch repair PMC8450099
Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells 100 nM 24 h To investigate the effect of rapamycin on GLUT2 expression under hyperglycemic conditions. PMC8980033
Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL) 20 nM specified amount of time in figures To assess the impact of Rapamycin on IEL growth and granzyme B expression. PMC8277781
Huh7 cells 20 nM 24 h To monitor autophagic flux as a positive control and its effects. PMC8350071
DLD1 cells 100 ng/ml 2 h to drive chemically induced dimerisation of TEV, and, as a result, PKCε cleavage PMC7070073
RPE cells 100 nM 24 h To determine optimal drug concentration and its time-dependent response; no significant difference was observed comparing treatments to no treatment controls. PMC7327959
Myotubes cells 10 nM 24 h To investigate mTORC1 activity suppression and measure autophagic flux. PMC7481251
Nalm6 and 697 cells 10-20 μM 2 days Combination treatment showed synergistic cytotoxic effects. PMC8102195
OP9-DL1 cultures 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 nM PMC9537144
Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells 0.3 to 3000 ng/mL 24 h, 48 h, 72 h To compare anti-proliferative effects of SRM-NPs and PTX-NPs; SRM proved more effective under hypoxia. PMC7530254
CD8+ T cells 20 nM 36 h Transient mTOR inhibition can restore ACD in aged CD8+ T cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to reinvigorate immune responses in elderly individuals. PMC8113513

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
C57BL/6 mice DMM surgery model for OA Intra-articular injection 10 µM once weekly for 8 weeks to evaluate the therapeutic effect on OA and reduce cartilage destruction. PMC10548624
SCID/NOD mice tumor-bearing mice Intraperitoneal injection 6 mg/kg daily Combination treatment to enhance efficacy against tumors. PMC9426012
BALB/c nude mice HepG2 cells or MHCC97H cells transplantation Intraperitoneal injection 3 mg/kg every other day starting at day 4 Rescues increased cell size and mTORC1 activation induced by TET2 deficiency. PMC10406918
Mice DTG mice Intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg daily for 5 consecutive days improved symptoms for human patients with extramammary PD. PMC7608215
Mice Pik3c2b KO Mouse Model Intraperitoneal injection 10 mg/kg Single treatment before sacrifice To normalize mTORC1 activity in KO adult brains. PMC9337808
Mice Telomerase-deficient mice Intraperitoneal injection 2 mg/kg 2 h post-injection To test the inhibition of mTORC1 and understand its role in the survival of telomerase-deficient mice. PMC7054554
Mice OTULIN-deficient mouse model Intraperitoneal injection 1 mg/kg Twice weekly from postnatal day 8 until 8 weeks of age To reduce liver pathology caused by OTULIN deficiency; rapamycin treatment reduced histological abnormalities and fibrosis. PMC7206033
NRG mice patient-derived xenografts (PDX) Intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg 5 days/week Combination treatment significantly prolonged survival of mice. PMC8102195
Mice Pancreatic growth model Intraperitoneal injection 0.2 mg/(100 g body weight) Daily injections for 7 days To study the role of the mTOR signaling pathway in pancreatic growth, results showed that rapamycin inhibited camostat-induced pancreatic growth PMC1779746

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT06257420 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis|Long... More >>-COVID Less << ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION 2026-06-11 Center For Complex Diseases, P... More >>alo Alto, California, 94040, United States|The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States|Sierra Internal Medicine, Incline Village, Nevada, 89451, United States|Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, United States|Center For Complex Diseases, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States Less <<
NCT00275522 Kidney Transplant PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-12-07 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnes... More >>ota, 55905, United States Less <<
NCT00040508 Focal Glomerulosclerosis PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-01-05 National Institute of Diabetes... More >> and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT00195481 Kidney Failure|Graft vs Host D... More >>isease Less << PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-12-05 Bangalore, Karnataka, 566 006,... More >> India|Bangalore, Karnataka, 566 018, India|Saket, South Delhi, India|Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 004, India|New Delhi, India Less <<
NCT04775173 Kaposiform Hemangioendotheliom... More >>a Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2023-08-10 West China Hospital of Sichuan... More >> University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China Less <<
NCT00223678 Kidney Transplant PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-10-09 Vanderbilt University, Nashvil... More >>le, Tennessee, 37232, United States Less <<
NCT01811667 Cardiovascular Abnormalities PHASE3 COMPLETED 2025-01-16 Cliniques universitaires Saint... More >>-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium Less <<
NCT01709136 Hypertension PHASE2|PHASE3 TERMINATED 2025-01-10 -
NCT04598815 Graves Ophthalmopathy PHASE2 NOT_YET_RECRUITING 2025-05-31 Ospedale Cisanello-Endocrinolo... More >>gy II, Pisa, 56124, Italy Less <<
NCT03150914 LAM|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis PHASE3 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING 2025-06-30 Stanford University, Palo Alto... More >>, California, 94305, United States|National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado, 80206-2761, United States|Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States|Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, 60153, United States|Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 20892, United States|University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45174, United States|University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States|Swedish Health, Seattle, Washington, 98104, United States Less <<
NCT02117596 Renal Transplant COMPLETED 2025-11-12 Pediatric Nephrology of Alabam... More >>a, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205, United States|UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States|Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States|Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Less <<
NCT00876434 Anterior Uveitis PHASE1 COMPLETED 2011-02-10 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT02365415 Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis|... More >>In-stent Stenosis Less << PHASE2 WITHDRAWN 2025-04-18 Boston Children's Hospital, Bo... More >>ston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States Less <<
NCT05324384 Hemangioendothelioma PHASE2 RECRUITING 2025-11-30 West China Hospital of Sichuan... More >> University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China Less <<
NCT04461340 COVID 19 PHASE2 UNKNOWN 2020-11-30 Faculty of Medicine, Alexandri... More >>a university, Egypt, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt Less <<
NCT05386914 Genetic Predisposition to Dise... More >>ase|Healthy Volunteers Less << PHASE1 RECRUITING 2025-12-27 University of Missouri-Columbi... More >>a, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, United States Less <<
NCT00282217 Kidney Failure|Kidney Diseases PHASE4 COMPLETED - Albacete, 2006, Spain|Barcelon... More >>a, 8035, Spain|Cadiz, 11009, Spain|Granada, 18014, Spain|L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 8701, Spain|La Coruna, 15006, Spain|Madrid, 28034, Spain|Madrid, 28035, Spain|Madrid, 28040, Spain|Malaga, 29010, Spain|Oviedo, 33006, Spain|Sevilla, 41013, Spain|Zaragoza, 50009, Spain Less <<
NCT05425056 Complication of Renal Dialysis... More >>|End Stage Renal Disease|End Stage Kidney Disease|ESRD|Chronic Kidney Failure|Complication of Hemodialysis|Vascular Access Complication|Arteriovenous Fistula Less << PHASE3 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING 2025-08-25 Veterans Affairs San Diego Hea... More >>lth Center, San Diego, California, 92161, United States|Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California, 90502, United States|MedStar Cardiovascular Research Network at MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, 20010, United States|American Access Care of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33156, United States|Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia, 30308, United States|Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, United States|University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States|The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States|Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, 10029, United States|Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28204, United States|Surgical Specialists of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28207, United States|The Regional Medical Center/Dialysis Access Institute, Orangeburg, South Carolina, 29118, United States|James Eric Gardner, MD PC, Memphis, Tennessee, 38115, United States|Arteries & Veins, El Paso, Texas, 79912, United States|Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States|Houston Methodist, Sugar Land, Texas, 77479, United States|Sentara Norfolk General Hospital/Sentara Health Research Center, Norfolk, Virginia, 23507, United States|University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom|St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, SM5 1AA, United Kingdom|NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom|Barts Health NHS Trust of Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom|St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom Less <<
NCT00711490 Diabetic Retinopathy PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-01-11 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT02440789 HIV-1 Infection PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2018-02-01 801 University of California, ... More >>San Francisco HIV/AIDS CRS, San Francisco, California, 94110, United States|Whitman Walker Health CRS (31791), Washington, District of Columbia, 20005, United States|Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS (901), Miami, Florida, 33136, United States|The Ponce de Leon Center CRS (5802), Atlanta, Georgia, 30308, United States|Washington University CRS (2101), Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States|Weill Cornell Uptown CRS (7803), New York, New York, 10011, United States|31787 University of Rochester Adult HIV Therapeutic Strategies Network CRS, Rochester, New York, 14642, United States|Univ. of Cincinnati CRS (2401), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States|Houston AIDS Research Team CRS (31473), Houston, Texas, 77030, United States|University of Washington AIDS CRS (1401), Seattle, Washington, 98104, United States Less <<
NCT00189202 End Stage Renal Disease|Kidney... More >> Transplantation Less << PHASE2|PHASE3 COMPLETED 2008-07-01 University of Michigan Health ... More >>Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States Less <<
NCT00409994 Rectum Cancer PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-12-18 Maastricht Radiation Oncology,... More >> Maastricht, Limburg, 6202 AZ, Netherlands Less <<
NCT02296749 Healthy PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-02-10 Bioserve Clinical Research Pvt... More >>. Ltd, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 037, India Less <<
NCT01658007 Relapsed Lymphoblastic Leukemi... More >>a|Recurrent Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma|Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia|Refractory Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Less << EARLY_PHASE1 TERMINATED 2025-01-17 Cincinnati Children's Hospital... More >> Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States Less <<
NCT00050713 Membranous Glomerulonephritis|... More >>Lupus Membranous Nepropathy Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2007-08-27 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT04892212 Lupus Nephritis|Immunosuppress... More >>ion|Effect of Drug Less << PHASE2|PHASE3 UNKNOWN 2023-10-30 -
NCT02524639 Hyperinsulinism PHASE1|PHASE2 WITHDRAWN 2018-05-29 The Children's Hospital of Phi... More >>ladelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States Less <<
NCT02443818 Segmental Overgrowth Disorders... More >> Due to PIK3CA Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-11-16 CHU d'Angers, Angers, 49933, F... More >>rance|CHU de Bordeaux - GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, 33076, France|CHU de DIJON, Dijon, 21079, France|H?pital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, 59037, France|CHRU de Montpellier - H?pital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34295, France|Hopitaux de Brabois Chu Nancy, Nancy, 54511, France|H?pital mère-enfant de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France|CHU Paris - Necker, Paris, 75015, France|HCL Lyon - CH Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, 69495, France|P?le Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique - H?pital Larrey, Toulouse, 31059, France|CHRU de Tours, Tours, 37044, France Less <<
NCT06236022 Dilated Cardiomyopathy|Kaposi'... More >>s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Less << PHASE4 RECRUITING 2028-12-31 Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei,... More >> 430030, China Less <<
NCT05925023 Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anem... More >>ia Less << PHASE2 RECRUITING 2025-12-25 Peking Union Medical College H... More >>ospital, Beijing, Beijing, 100730, China Less <<
NCT03095703 Adenomatous Polyposis Coli PHASE2 COMPLETED 2018-12-10 Academic Medical Centre, Amste... More >>rdam, Noord-Holland, 1105AZ, Netherlands Less <<
NCT01853423 Facial Angiofibroma PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-07-16 LeBonheur Children's Hospital,... More >> Memphis, Tennessee, 38103, United States Less <<
NCT03365869 Systemic Sclerosis PHASE2 UNKNOWN 2019-06-30 -
NCT01445548 Age-Related Macular Degenerati... More >>on|Geographic Atrophy Less << PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-02-14 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT02979873 Severe Aplastic Anemia PHASE2 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING 2030-06-30 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT01797315 Renal Transplant Patients at H... More >>igh-risk for Skin Cancer Less << PHASE4 TERMINATED 2025-06-13 -
NCT03987152 Vascular Malformations PHASE3 UNKNOWN 2023-03-01 Radboudumc, HECOVAN workgroup,... More >> Nijmegen, Gelderland, 6500HB, Netherlands Less <<
NCT01217125 Angiomyolipoma PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-05-11 -
NCT00286156 Polycystic Kidney Diseases PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-12-14 The Cleveland Clinic- main cam... More >>pus, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States Less <<
NCT00707135 Advanced Cancer PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-12-08 University of Chicago, Chicago... More >>, Illinois, 60637, United States Less <<
NCT01592253 Acute Rejection of Renal Trans... More >>plant Less << UNKNOWN 2025-12-13 Seoul, Korea, Republic of
NCT04996719 Heart Failure PHASE1 COMPLETED 2023-08-25 Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochest... More >>er, Minnesota, 55905, United States Less <<
NCT01595841 End Stage Renal Disease|Venous... More >> Stenosis Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-03-22 London Health Sciences Centre,... More >> London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada Less <<
NCT02296762 Healthy PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-02-10 Bioserve Clinical Research Pvt... More >>. Ltd, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 037, India Less <<
NCT01649960 Aging|CAD PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-12-15 Mayo Clinic in Rochester and M... More >>ayo Health System sites in Austin and Albert Lea, Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States Less <<
NCT03161340 Recurrent Implantation Failure PHASE2 COMPLETED 2018-06-20 Qom ACECR ART Center, Qom, Ira... More >>n, Islamic Republic of|Estern Azarbaijan ACECR ART center, Tabriz, Iran, Islamic Republic of Less <<
NCT06308445 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis PHASE2 NOT_YET_RECRUITING 2025-08-30 CHU Bordeaux H?pital Pellegrin... More >>, Bordeaux, 33076, France|CHU Montpellier H?pital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, 34295, France|APHP H?pital Robert Debré, Paris, 75019, France|CHU Toulouse H?pital des Enfants, Toulouse, 31300, France Less <<
NCT03933904 Castleman Disease|Castleman's ... More >>Disease, Multicentric Less << PHASE2 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING 2025-06-30 University of Arkansas for Med... More >>ical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, United States|University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States|Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States|University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States Less <<
NCT00195195 Transplantation COMPLETED 2025-06-08 Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden|... More >>Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden|Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden Less <<
NCT00634270 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-12-15 The University of Alabama at B... More >>irmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States|Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, 20010, United States|University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States|National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States|Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States|Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-4006, United States|Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19096, United States|University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States Less <<
NCT03662412 Pancreatic Cancer PHASE1|PHASE2 UNKNOWN 2023-06-30 The second affiliated hospital... More >> of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China Less <<
NCT01265030 Desmoid Tumor PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2021-12-22 UCLA Medical Center, Los Angel... More >>es, California, 90095, United States|Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, 92123, United States|University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States|Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, 04102, United States|University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States|Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States|Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, 98101, United States|Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States Less <<
NCT00266123 Graft Rejection|Kidney Failure... More >>|Kidney Transplant Less << PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-07-07 -
NCT02509468 Vascular Malformation PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-03-19 Service de dermatologie, CHU A... More >>ngers, Angers, 49933, France|Service de dermatologie, H?pital du Bocage, CHU Dijon, Dijon, 21079, France|Explorations Médecine Vasculaire H?pital A. Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, 38700, France|Service de radiologie H?pital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France|Service de Dermatologie, vénéréologie et cancérologie cutanée, H?pital La Timone APHM, Marseille, 13000, France|Service de Dermatologie, H?pital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France|Service de Dermatologie, H?pital H?tel-Dieu, CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44000, France|Service de dermatologie, CHU Nice, Nice, 06202, France|Service de dermatologie, APHP Necker, Paris, 75743, France|Service de Dermatologie, H?pital Pontchaillou, CHU RENNES, Rennes, 35000, France|Service de dermatologie, H?pital Larrey, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, 31059, France|Consultations externes de Dermatologie, H?pital Clocheville, CHU Tours, Tours, 37000, France Less <<
NCT02638389 Vascular Malformations PHASE3 RECRUITING 2030-04-01 Cliniques Universitaires Saint... More >>-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Région De Bruxelles-Capitale, 1200, Belgium|CHU Caen, Caen, Bretagne, 14000, France|Universit?tsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany Less <<
NCT05746689 IgG4-related Disease NOT_YET_RECRUITING 2028-12-31 -
NCT04861064 Venous Malformation|Lymphatic ... More >>Malformation Less << PHASE2 RECRUITING 2025-06-25 Medical University of South Ca... More >>rolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29403, United States Less <<
NCT02753309 Bladder Cancer EARLY_PHASE1 COMPLETED 2021-03-02 University of Texas Health Sci... More >>ence Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States Less <<
NCT04448873 Kaposiform Hemangioendotheliom... More >>a|Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome Less << PHASE4 COMPLETED 2023-07-01 Children's Hospital of Fudan U... More >>niversity, Shanghai, Shanghai, 210012, China Less <<
NCT03688191 Connective Tissue Diseases|Thr... More >>ombocytopenia Less << PHASE4 UNKNOWN 2019-09-30 Peking Union Medical College H... More >>ospital, Beijing, Beijing, 100005, China Less <<
NCT05237687 Aging PHASE2 RECRUITING 2025-11-25 UT Southwestern Medical Center... More >>, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States Less <<
NCT00306397 Kidney Transplantation PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-12-08 University Hospital Basel, Cli... More >>nic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Basel, 4031, Switzerland Less <<
NCT06563817 Communicating Hydrocephalus|Ce... More >>rebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage|Secondary Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus|Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Less << PHASE2 RECRUITING 2025-07-25 Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capi... More >>tal Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, 100070, China Less <<
NCT00811915 Kidney Transplantation PHASE3 COMPLETED 2025-06-14 UHAmiens, Amiens, France|UHAng... More >>ers, Angers, 49933, France|UHCaen, Caen, 14000, France|UHLimoges, Limoges, France|UHNecker, Paris, 75015, France|UHRennes, Rennes, 35000, France|UHRouen, Rouen, 76000, France|UHTours, Tours, France Less <<
NCT06550271 Aging COMPLETED 2023-12-15 AgelessRx, Ann Arbor, Michigan... More >>, 48104, United States Less <<
NCT03583307 Vascular Anomaly COMPLETED 2021-02-19 West China Hospital of Sichuan... More >> University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61004·, China Less <<
NCT00470665 Renal Allograft Recipients PHASE3 COMPLETED 2025-07-04 -
NCT04094675 PTEN Gene Mutation|PTEN Hamart... More >>oma Tumor Syndrome|PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome|Cowden Syndrome|Bannayan Syndrome|Bannayan Zonana Syndrome|Polyposis Less << PHASE2 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING 2025-02-25 The Ohio State University Wexn... More >>er Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States Less <<
NCT05269849 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangi... More >>ectasia|Nosebleeds|Epistaxis Less << PHASE2 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING 2025-02-10 St. Michael's Hospital, Toront... More >>o, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada Less <<
NCT00305396 Kidney Transplantation PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-03-05 Vanderbilt University Medical ... More >>Center/Nashville VA, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States Less <<
NCT04948203 Pulmonary Fibrosis|COVID-19 Pn... More >>eumonia|Long COVID Less << PHASE2|PHASE3 RECRUITING 2025-12-25 University of Chicago, Chicago... More >>, Illinois, 60637, United States Less <<
NCT03781050 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome PHASE4 UNKNOWN 2022-07-01 Peking Union Medical College H... More >>ospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China/Beijing, 100000, China Less <<
NCT01236378 Transplant Rejection|Renal Tra... More >>nsplantation Less << PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-04-11 Pfizer Investigational Site, C... More >>hongqing, 400038, China|Pfizer Investigational Site, Shanghai, 200127, China Less <<
NCT00328770 Liver Carcinoma PHASE2|PHASE3 COMPLETED 2025-03-06 University of Alberta, Edmonto... More >>n, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada Less <<
NCT00044720 Chronic Kidney Failure|Graft v... More >>s Host Disease|Kidney Transplantation Less << PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-07-05 -
NCT01827618 Invasive Bladder Cancer Stage ... More >>II Less << EARLY_PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-04-14 UT Health Science Center San A... More >>ntonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States Less <<
NCT02062944 Acute Rejection of Liver Trans... More >>plant|Effects of Immunosuppressant Therapy Less << COMPLETED 2025-07-20 Northwestern University, Chica... More >>go, Illinois, 60611, United States Less <<
NCT00254709 Kidney Failure|Graft Rejection... More >>|Aged Less << PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-09-05 -
NCT01632605 ADPKD COMPLETED 2025-04-12 Division of Nephrology and Dia... More >>lysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria Less <<
NCT06022068 Alzheimer Disease PHASE1|PHASE2 ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION 2025-01-31 Karolinska University Hospital... More >> Memory clinic, Solna, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden Less <<
NCT03047980 Sturge-Weber Syndrome PHASE2|PHASE3 COMPLETED 2020-10-27 Kennedy Krieger Institute, Bal... More >>timore, Maryland, 21205, United States|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States Less <<
NCT00779194 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (... More >>SLE) Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2015-12-16 SUNY Upstate Medical Universit... More >>y, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States Less <<
NCT02428296 PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spec... More >>trum (PROS)|Growth Disorder|Genetics Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2018-02-14 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT01680250 Polycystic Kidney Diseases PHASE2|PHASE3 UNKNOWN 2025-08-15 Seoul National University Hosp... More >>ital, Seoul, 110-744, Korea, Republic of Less <<
NCT03383380 Activated PI3K-delta Syndrome|... More >>Immunodeficiency Primary Less << PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2023-11-30 Children's Hospital of Fudan U... More >>niversity, Shanghai, Shanghai, 201102, China|Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China Less <<
NCT04200911 Cognitive Impairment, Mild|Alz... More >>heimer Disease Less << EARLY_PHASE1 COMPLETED 2022-01-13 UTHSA McDermott Clinical Scien... More >>ces Building, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States Less <<
NCT06719791 Epilepsy, Drug Resistant EARLY_PHASE1 RECRUITING 2028-12-01 Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, Chin... More >>a Less <<
NCT02177760 Severe Combined Immunodeficien... More >>cy|Transplacental Maternal Engraftment|Stem Cell Transplant Less << PHASE2 WITHDRAWN 2025-11-15 Benioff Children's Hospital at... More >> UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States Less <<
NCT00555373 Renal Transplant COMPLETED 2025-11-12 Pediatric Nephrology of Alabam... More >>a, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205, United States|UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States|Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States|Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Less <<
NCT01764607 Squamous Cell Skin Carcinoma PHASE2 TERMINATED 2025-06-14 Shands at the University of Fl... More >>orida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States Less <<
NCT00141804 Kidney Transplantation PHASE3 UNKNOWN 2025-06-05 University Hospital Muenster, ... More >>Muenster, 48149, Germany Less <<
NCT03103893 Dermal Atrophy PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2017-11-30 Drexel Dermatology, Philadelph... More >>ia, Pennsylvania, 19102-1101, United States Less <<
NCT00170053 Kidney Diseases PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-09-08 Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Flo... More >>rida, 32224, United States Less <<
NCT06261060 Familial Platelet Disorder|Hem... More >>atopoietic Less << PHASE2 RECRUITING 2028-06-11 MD Anderson Cancer Center, Hou... More >>ston, Texas, 77030, United States Less <<
NCT01517074 Scleritis PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-04-14 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT00697112 Renal Transplantation COMPLETED 2025-12-12 Pfizer Investigational Site, C... More >>aba, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Caba, Buenos Aires, C1093AAS, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Caba, Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Barrio General Paz, Cordoba, 5016, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Cordoba, 5016, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina|Pfizer Investigational Site, Tucuman, 4000, Argentina Less <<
NCT00126672 Nonmalignant Neoplasm|Tuberous... More >> Sclerosis|Lymphangioleimyomatosis|Kidney Angiomyolipoma Less << PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-04-10 Loma Linda University School o... More >>f Medicine, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States|Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, 06106, United States|Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States|New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016, United States|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, United States|University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States|University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States Less <<
NCT04707209 Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma COMPLETED 2024-03-22 The Hospital for Sick Children... More >>, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada Less <<
NCT05458492 Sarcoidosis|Cutaneous Sarcoido... More >>sis Less << PHASE2 NOT_YET_RECRUITING 2025-05-27 -
NCT03942926 Plastic Bronchitis PHASE2 UNKNOWN 2020-05-05 Peking Union Medical College H... More >>ospital, Beijing, Beijing, 100730, China Less <<
NCT02642094 Cancer of Breast PHASE2 TERMINATED 2022-05-01 University of Texas Health Sci... More >>ence Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States Less <<
NCT01195922 Mouth Neoplasms|Head and Neck ... More >>Neoplasms|Tongue Neoplasms|Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Less << PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-12-15 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT02724332 Hepatocellular Carcinoma|Rapam... More >>ycin Less << PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-12-15 Eastern hepatobilliary surgery... More >> hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438, China Less <<
NCT05549167 Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiof... More >>ibroma Less << PHASE3 RECRUITING 2029-12-30 Research Institute of Pediatri... More >>c Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation Less <<
NCT03767660 Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrom... More >>e|Venous Malformation Less << PHASE4 UNKNOWN 2022-07-01 Peking Union Medical College H... More >>ospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, 100000, China Less <<
NCT02675153 Crohn's Diseases UNKNOWN 2025-10-20 Medical Center for Digestive D... More >>iseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China Less <<
NCT02042326 Arteriovenous Malformations PHASE2 UNKNOWN 2025-09-24 UCL, Bruxelles, Belgium|CHU Am... More >>iens, Amiens, 80000, France|CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France|CHU Dijon, Dijon, 21000, France|CHRU Lille, Lille, 59000, France|HCL Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France|APHM, Marseille, 13000, France|CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France|CHU Nancy, Nancy, 54000, France|CHU Nice, Nice, 06000, France|APHP, Paris, 75000, France|CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France|CHU Tours, Tours, 37000, France Less <<
NCT02123966 Chronic Graft-versus-Host-Dise... More >>ase|Oral Mucosal Disease Due to Graft-versus-host Disease Less << PHASE2 TERMINATED 2025-05-16 Brigham and Women's Hospital, ... More >>Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States Less <<
NCT00766649 Age-Related Macular Degenerati... More >>on Less << PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-07-12 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT03364764 Pure Red Cell Aplasia PHASE4 COMPLETED 2021-05-01 Peking Union Medical College H... More >>ospital, Beijing, Beijing, 100730, China Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

1.09mL

0.22mL

0.11mL

5.47mL

1.09mL

0.55mL

10.94mL

2.19mL

1.09mL

References

 

Historical Records

Categories