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Chemical Structure| 54-05-7 Chemical Structure| 54-05-7

Structure of Chloroquine
CAS No.: 54-05-7

Chemical Structure| 54-05-7

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Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug and also an autophagy inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 2.1 μM for inhibiting autophagy. Chloroquine has antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects and can be used in research on autophagy and malaria treatment.

Synonyms: NSC-187208; CHQ; CQ

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Product Details of Chloroquine

CAS No. :54-05-7
Formula : C18H26ClN3
M.W : 319.87
SMILES Code : CC(NC1=CC=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C12)CCCN(CC)CC
Synonyms :
NSC-187208; CHQ; CQ
MDL No. :MFCD00024009
InChI Key :WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :2719

Safety of Chloroquine

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H413
Precautionary Statements:P264-P270-P273-P301+P312-P330-P501

Related Pathways of Chloroquine

DNA
PI3K-AKT

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Target
  • HIV Protease

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
MDA-MB-231 20 μM Inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy, induced apoptosis PMC11232884
U2OS cells expressing GFP-TFEB fusion protein 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 μM 6 h Triggered TFEB nuclear translocation PMC7790317
Human glioma H4 cells 10, 20, 40 μM 6 h Induced GFP-LC3 dot formation, indicating autophagosome accumulation PMC7790317
A549 71.3 ± 6.1 μM Induced apoptosis, suppressed autophagy PMC11232884
H460 55.6 ± 12.5 μM Induced apoptosis, suppressed autophagy PMC11232884
MCF-7 20 μM Inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy, induced apoptosis PMC11232884
BT549 20 μM Inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy, induced apoptosis PMC11232884
AsPC-1 100 μM 72 h Assess the cytotoxicity of CQ-HES, results showed similar cytotoxicity between CQ-HES and HCQ PMC5996760
Werner syndrome-specific mesenchymal stem cells (WS hMSCs) 0.2 μM to 100 μM Low concentrations of CQ (0.2-5 μM) promoted cell self-renewal, while higher concentrations (20 μM or above) inhibited cell proliferation. Treatment with 1 μM CQ decreased the percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells and increased the number of Ki67-positive cells, while also reducing IL-6 secretion. PMC9095792
Human U2OS osteosarcoma cells 10, 20, 40 μM 6 h Induced GFP-LC3 dot formation, indicating autophagosome accumulation PMC7790317
H1299 50 µM Inhibited autophagy, decreased transcriptional activity and disrupted the localization of p53-R273H PMC11232884
A549 2.5 ~ 60 µM Blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibited autophagy PMC11232884
MiaPaca-2 100 μM 72 h Assess the cytotoxicity of CQ-HES, results showed similar cytotoxicity between CQ-HES and HCQ PMC5996760
MiaPaca-1 100 μM 72 h Assess the cytotoxicity of CQ-HES, results showed similar cytotoxicity between CQ-HES and HCQ PMC5996760
Calu-3 cells 119 μM To study the inhibitory effect of CQ and HCQ on SARS-CoV-2 infection, results showed that the effective dose in Calu-3 cells was significantly higher than in Vero E6 cells. PMC7989365
Vero E6 cells 6.5 μM To study the inhibitory effect of CQ and HCQ on SARS-CoV-2 infection, results showed that CQ and HCQ effectively inhibited viral invasion in Vero E6 cells. PMC7989365

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
C57BL/6J mice Nilotinib-induced nephrotoxicity model Intragastric administration 30 mg/kg Daily for 30 days To investigate the intervention effect of chloroquine on nilotinib-induced nephrotoxicity. The results showed that chloroquine significantly ameliorated nilotinib-induced renal injury, reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, and decreased renal fibrosis. PMC10502815
Sprague Dawley (SD) rats 24-month-old rats Oral 0.1 mg/kg Twice a week for 5 months Low-dose CQ treatment extended the lifespan of rats, repressed systemic inflammation, and inhibited fibrosis across multiple tissues. CQ treatment also reduced serum TNF-α levels and the numbers of circulating white blood cells and neutrophils, indicating attenuated chronic inflammation. PMC9095792
Mice C57Bl/6j mice Intraperitoneal injection 50 mg/kg Once daily for 10 days Detected eIF2α phosphorylation levels, indicating that HCQ can induce eIF2α phosphorylation in vivo PMC7790317
Mouse Breast cancer model Intraperitoneal injection 40 mg/kg Once every two days Inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy, induced apoptosis PMC11232884
Mice HCoV-OC43 infection model Not specified 15 mg/kg Not specified To study the preventive effect of CQ on HCoV-OC43 infection, results showed that 15 mg/kg of CQ effectively prevented infection in mice. PMC7989365

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT01546961 Vivax Malaria COMPLETED 2025-05-17 Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, ... More >>Tak, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand Less <<
NCT01019408 Malaria, Falciparum PHASE4 COMPLETED 1995-01-01 Adezai Basic Health Unit, Adez... More >>ai, Nwfp, Pakistan|Baghicha Basic Health Unit, Baghicha, Nwfp, Pakistan|Kagan Basic Health Unit, Kagan, Nwfp, Pakistan Less <<
NCT02610686 Plasmodium Vivax PHASE4 UNKNOWN 2025-12-16 Chu R Cam, Pleiku, Gia Lai, Vi... More >>etnam Less <<
NCT00224978 Glioblastoma Multiforme PHASE3 COMPLETED 2025-08-05 National Institute of Neurolog... More >>y and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, 14269, Mexico Less <<
NCT04627467 Covid19 PHASE2 COMPLETED 2021-09-30 Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali... More >>, Valle Del Cauca, 760032, Colombia Less <<
NCT02432417 Glioblastoma|Astrocytoma, Grad... More >>e IV Less << PHASE2 WITHDRAWN 2023-11-10 -
NCT01575782 Small Cell Lung Cancer PHASE1 TERMINATED 2025-07-17 MAASTRO clinic, Maastricht, Li... More >>mburg, 6229 ET, Netherlands Less <<
NCT02004314 HIV COMPLETED 2025-03-12 Montreal Chest Institute, McGi... More >>ll University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, H3A1A1, Canada Less <<
NCT00169078 Malaria COMPLETED 2025-12-02 Centre National de Recherche e... More >>t de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Kadiogo, 2208, Burkina Faso Less <<
NCT00391313 Chikungunya Virus PHASE3 TERMINATED 2025-03-07 Cellule Coordination Nivachik,... More >> Saint Pierre, ile de la Reunion, 97400, France Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

3.13mL

0.63mL

0.31mL

15.63mL

3.13mL

1.56mL

31.26mL

6.25mL

3.13mL

References

 

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