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Chemical Structure| 864070-44-0 Chemical Structure| 864070-44-0

Structure of Empagliflozin
CAS No.: 864070-44-0

Chemical Structure| 864070-44-0

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Empagliflozin (BI 107730) is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 nM for human SGLT-2.

Synonyms: BI 10773

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Rogerio N. Soares ; Francisco I. Ramirez‑Perez ; Francisco J. Cabral‑Amador ; Mariana Morales‑Quinones ; Christopher A. Foote ; Thaysa Ghiarone , et al.

Abstract: Aging of the vasculature is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, two key events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Treatment with sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is now known to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. However, whether SGLT2 inhibition attenuates vascular aging is unknown. We first confirmed in a cohort of adult subjects that aging is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness and that these two variables are inversely correlated. Next, we investigated whether SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin (Empa) ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and reduces arterial stiffness in aged mice with confirmed vascular dysfunction. Specifically, we assessed mesenteric artery endothelial function and stiffness (via flow-mediated dilation and pressure myography mechanical responses, respectively) and aortic stiffness (in vivo via pulse wave velocity and ex vivo via atomic force microscopy) in Empa-treated (14 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and control 80-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice. We report that Empa-treated mice exhibited improved mesenteric endothelial function compared with control, in parallel with reduced mesenteric artery and aortic stiffness. Additionally, Empa-treated mice had greater vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, lower phosphorylated cofilin, and filamentous actin content, with downregulation of pathways involved in production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings demonstrate that Empa improves endothelial function and reduces arterial stiffness in a preclinical model of aging, making SGLT2 inhibition a potential therapeutic alternative to reduce the progression of CVD in older individuals.

Keywords: SGLT2 ; Arterial stifness ; Aging ; Endothelial function ; Oxidative stress

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Hasan, Ahasanul ; Hasan, Raquibul ;

Abstract: The antidiabetic drug empagliflozin is reported to produce a range of cardiovascular effects, including a reduction in systemic blood pressure. However, whether empagliflozin directly modulates the contractility of resistance-size mesenteric arteries remains unclear. Here, we sought to investigate if empagliflozin could relax resistance-size rat mesenteric arteries and the associated underlying mol. mechanisms. We found that acute empagliflozin application produces a concentration-dependent vasodilation in myogenic, depolarized and phenylephrine (PE)-preconstricted mesenteric arteries. Selective inhibition of smooth muscle cell voltage-gated K+ channels KV1.5 and KV7 abolished empagliflozin-induced vasodilation. In contrast, pharmacol. inhibition of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels and ATP-sensitive (KATP) channels did not abolish vasodilation. Inhibition of the vasodilatory signaling axis involving endothelial nitric oxide (NO), smooth muscle cell soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG) did not abolish empagliflozin-evoked vasodilation. Inhibition of the endothelium-derived vasodilatory mol. prostacyclin (PGI2) had no effect on the vasodilation. Consistently, empagliflozin-evoked vasodilation remained unaltered by endothelium denudation. Overall, our data suggest that empagliflozin stimulates smooth muscle cell KV channels KV1.5 and KV7, resulting in vasodilation in resistance-size mesenteric arteries. This study demonstrates for the first time a novel mechanism whereby empagliflozin regulates arterial contractility, resulting in vasodilation. Due to known antihypertensive properties, treatment with empagliflozin may complement conventional antihypertensive therapy.

Keywords: empagliflozin ; mesenteric arteries ; smooth muscle cell ; vasodilation ; voltage-gated K+ channels

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Asensio Lopez, Maria del Carmen ; Lax, Antonio ; Hernandez Vicente, Alvaro ; Saura Guillen, Elena ; Hernandez-Martinez, Antonio ; Fernandez del Palacio, Maria Josefa , et al.

Abstract: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown to prevent heart failure progression, although the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we evaluated the effect of empagliflozin (EMPA, SGLT2i) in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction, the interplay with diabetes status and the role of cardiac GTP enzyme cyclohydrolase 1 (cGCH1). A rat model of diabetes (50 mg/kg streptozotocin, i.p.) was subjected to myocardial infarction and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. EMPA therapy significantly improved cardiac remodeling parameters and ameliorated processes of fibrosis and hypertrophy, in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. This cardioprotective effect related with a significant increase in myocardial expression levels of cGCH1, which led to activation of nNOS and eNOS, and inhibition of iNOS, and subsequently resulted in increasing of NO levels and decreasing O2.- and nitrotyrosine levels. These effects were replicated in a cardiomyocyte biomech. stretching diabetic model, where silencing cGCH1 blocked the preventive effect of EMPA. The beneficial effects were observed irresp. of diabetes status, although the magnitude was greater in presence of diabetes. Empagliflozin improves myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction through overexpression of cGCH1, and irresp. of diabetes status.

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Alternative Products

Product Details of Empagliflozin

CAS No. :864070-44-0
Formula : C23H27ClO7
M.W : 450.91
SMILES Code : O[C@H]1[C@H](C2=CC=C(Cl)C(CC3=CC=C(O[C@@H]4COCC4)C=C3)=C2)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Synonyms :
BI 10773
MDL No. :MFCD22566222
InChI Key :OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
Pubchem ID :11949646

Safety of Empagliflozin

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H361
Precautionary Statements:P201-P202-P281-P308+P313-P405-P501

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Target
  • SGLT2

    SGLT2, IC50:3.1 nM

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
HL-1 cardiomyocytes 10 µM 48 h Empagliflozin significantly downregulated the expression of CHOP and PARP-CL in LMNA R321X cardiomyocytes and reduced PERK phosphorylation, restoring AKT phosphorylation levels, indicating its ability to alleviate ER stress by inhibiting PERK activation. PMC10204200
AS podocytes 500 nM 48 h Empagliflozin reduces lipid droplet accumulation and apoptosis in AS podocytes. PMC10185338
AS podocytes 500 nM 48 h Empagliflozin inhibits the utilization of glucose/pyruvate as a metabolic substrate in AS podocytes. PMC10185338
HL7702 cells 10 μM 48 h Empagliflozin significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in the PA and HG-induced hepatocyte steatosis model and upregulated autophagy and the AMPK-TET2 signaling pathway. PMC7854384
Zebrafish ventricular cardiomyocytes 5 μM 2 h To investigate the effects of Empagliflozin on major ionic currents, results showed that Empagliflozin increased the rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr and IKs), but had no effect on sodium current (INa), L-type and T-type calcium currents (ICaL and ICaT). PMC9455557
HepG2 hepatocytes 500 nM 24 h or 72 h Empagliflozin protected hepatocytes under hyperglycemic conditions, reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and cellular senescence PMC8508693
3T3-L1 adipocytes 500 nM Empagliflozin increased intracellular lipid accumulation in adipocytes under hyperglycemic conditions and reduced cellular senescence PMC8508693

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
C57BL/6 N mice Choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD)-induced NASH model Oral gavage 10 mg/kg Once daily for 12 weeks Empagliflozin significantly reduced total in CD-HFD-fed mice and improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. PMC10689779
mice CRS-3 model oral gavage 10 mg/kg once daily for 7 days Empagliflozin improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress, and maintained mitochondrial structure and function. PMC9372775
Mice Diabetes model Oral 10 mg/kg Once daily for 4 weeks To evaluate the effect of Empagliflozin on cardiac energy production in diabetic mice. Results showed that Empagliflozin treatment significantly increased cardiac ATP production and prevented heart failure. PMC6234616
Mice Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury Model Oral 10 mg/kg Once daily for 7 days Empagliflozin attenuated cardiac microvascular I/R injury by activating the AMPK α1/ULK1/FUNDC1/mitophagy pathway, maintaining microvascular structure and function, and reducing inflammation and endothelial cell damage. PMC8938627
Mice Alport syndrome model Oral 70 mg/kg Daily for 6 weeks Empagliflozin prolongs the survival of AS mice, reduces albuminuria, and improves renal function. PMC10185338
db/db mice Type 2 diabetes and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) model Intragastrically 3.8 mg/kg Once daily for eight weeks Empagliflozin significantly reduced blood glucose and hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice and improved hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPK-TET2-autophagy pathway. PMC7854384
Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats Non-obese model of insulin resistance Oral 10 mg/kg Once daily for 6 weeks Empagliflozin attenuated gain, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and kidney PMC8508693

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT02172209 Healthy PHASE1 COMPLETED - -
NCT05078879 Crohn's Disease|Glycogen Metab... More >>olism|Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Less << PHASE1 RECRUITING 2025-10-30 National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT01257334 Type 2 Diabetes PHASE3 UNKNOWN 2025-07-12 Taipei Medical University - Wa... More >>nFang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Less <<
NCT04520646 Acromegaly|Cardiomyopathies UNKNOWN 2022-08-31 Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, Sh... More >>anghai, 200040, China Less <<
NCT01248364 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-07-13 1245.39.43001 Boehringer Ingel... More >>heim Investigational Site, Graz, Austria|1245.39.49002 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Neuss, Germany|1245.39.39001 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Pisa, Italy Less <<
NCT05960617 Glycogen Storage Disease Type ... More >>IB Less << PHASE2 RECRUITING 2024-12-31 Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao... More >> Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200092, China Less <<
NCT06013865 Kidney Transplant|Type 2 Diabe... More >>tes Less << PHASE4 RECRUITING 2030-03-31 Iowa City VA Health Care Syste... More >>m, Iowa City, IA, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246-2292, United States|Omaha VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, Omaha, Nebraska, 68105-1850, United States|VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, PA, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15240, United States|Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville Campus, Nashville, TN, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212-2637, United States Less <<
NCT04917692 type1diabetes PHASE4 WITHDRAWN 2025-10-22 Ohio State University, Columbu... More >>s, Ohio, 43210, United States Less <<
NCT04138251 Glycogen Storage Disease Type ... More >>I|Glucose 6 Phosphatase Deficiency Less << PHASE2 UNKNOWN 2020-06-30 Cliniques universitaires Saint... More >>-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium Less <<
NCT02964715 Type2 Diabetes|NAFLD PHASE4 UNKNOWN 2025-11-18 University of Malaya, Kuala Lu... More >>mpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia Less <<
NCT01392560 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-08-12 1245.46.10001 Boehringer Ingel... More >>heim Investigational Site, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Less <<
NCT05350202 Heart Failure COMPLETED 2024-07-25 Dr. Mircheva, Burgas, 8000, Bu... More >>lgaria|Dr. Yordanov, Haskovo, 6304, Bulgaria|MBAL Atanas Dafovski, Kardzhali, Kardjali, 6600, Bulgaria|Dr. Krasteva, Kyustendil, 2501, Bulgaria|Dr. Todorov, Lovech, 5500, Bulgaria|Dr. Tsoneva, Lovech, 5500, Bulgaria|Dr. Pavlov, Parvomay, 4270, Bulgaria|Medical Center, Pazardjik, Pazardzhik, 4400, Bulgaria|Dr. Stankova, Pernik, 2300, Bulgaria|assoc.prof. Gospodinov, Pleven, 5800, Bulgaria|dr. Kostadinovska, Pleven, 5800, Bulgaria|prof.Tisheva, Pleven, 5800, Bulgaria|Dr. Mekenian, Plovdiv, 4001, Bulgaria|Dr. Ilchev, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria|Dr. Hairabedian, Plovdiv, 4018, Bulgaria|Dr. Filipov, Plovdiv, 4020, Bulgaria|MBAL Sliven, Dr. Bletsova, Sliven, 8800, Bulgaria|Dr. Pancheva, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria|prof. Velchev, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria|dr. Georgieva, Sofia, 1202, Bulgaria|dr. Karchinova, Sofia, 1202, Bulgaria|prof.Vitlianova, Sofia, 1202, Bulgaria|dr. Petrusheva, Sofia, 1233, Bulgaria|dr. Garvanski, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria|Dr. Naidenova, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria|Dr. Varnaliiska, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria|prof. Karamfiloff, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria|Dr. Nossikov, Sofia, 1784, Bulgaria|Dr. Gospodinov, Stara Zagora, 6004, Bulgaria|Dr. Trendafilova, Targovishte, 7700, Bulgaria|dr. Belcheva, Varna, 9000, Bulgaria|dr. Mancheva, Varna, 9003, Bulgaria|dr. Gyuzelev, Varna, 9010, Bulgaria|Dr. Petrova, Yambol, 8600, Bulgaria|Dr. Toneva-Zhelaeva, Yambol, 8600, Bulgaria|Kardiologická ambulance Brno, s.r.o., Brno - Královo Pole, 61200, Czechia|Fakultní nemocnice u sv. Anny v Brně, Brno, 602 00, Czechia|MUDr. Karel Kameník s.r.o., Brno, 603 00, Czechia|MUDr. Libor Nechvátal s.r.o., Brno, 61600, Czechia|Zdravá srdce s.r.o., Brno, 62700, Czechia|EDUMED s.r.o. - Dr. Nováková, Broumov, 55001, Czechia|EDUMED s.r.o. - Dr. Polá?ková, Broumov, 55001, Czechia|EDUMED s.r.o. - Dr. ?varcová, Broumov, 55001, Czechia|EDUMED s.r.o., Broumov, 55001, Czechia|MUDr. Hana Burianová, Bílovec, 743 01, Czechia|CorMedico s.r.o., Frydek-Místek, 73801, Czechia|DIKa centrum s.r.o., Haví?ov, 73601, Czechia|Léka?sky servis, a.s., Haví?ov, 73601, Czechia|Kardio Pudich s.r.o., Hlu?ín, 748 01, Czechia|ProKardio HK, s.r.o., Hradec králové, 50011, Czechia|Nemocnice Jihlava - Kardiologické oddělení, Jihlava, 58633, Czechia|Oblastní nemocnice Kolín, a.s. nemocnice St?edo?eského kraje, Kolín, 2802, Czechia|KardioBu?ák s.r.o., Louny, 440 01, Czechia|Kardiomost s.r.o., Most, 43401, Czechia|Nemocnice AGEL Novy Ji?ín, a.s., Novy Ji?ín, 74101, Czechia|Kardiologická ambulance Olomouc, Olomouc, 77900, Czechia|Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava, Ostrava - Poruba, 708 52, Czechia|Nemocnice AGEL Ostrava-Vítkovice a.s. - Kardiologická ambulance, Ostrava, 70030, Czechia|Kardiologická ambulance Mammed, Ostrava, 70200, Czechia|OVAKARD s.r.o., Ostrava, 70200, Czechia|Poliklinika Nová Hu?, Ostrava, 71900, Czechia|Kardiologie Vinohrady s.r.o., Prague, 120 00, Czechia|Kardiologie prof. Táborsky s.r.o., Praha 2, 12000, Czechia|Vseobecna fakultni nemocnice v Praze, Praha 2, 128 00, Czechia|MEDICON a.s., Praha 4, 140 00, Czechia|Nemocnice na Homolce, Praha 5, 150 30, Czechia|Clinical Trials Service s.r.o., Praha 5, 15600, Czechia|ROcardia s.r.o., Prostejov, 79604, Czechia|Galenica Medical s.r.o., Prost?ední Suchá, 73564, Czechia|Kardiologická ambulance MUDr. Ferkl s.r.o., Trutnov, 54101, Czechia|V?eobecná interní ambulance s.r.o., Tábor, 39003, Czechia|Nemocnice AGEL T?inec-Podlesí a.s., T?inec Podlesí, 73961, Czechia|Lunacor s.r.o., Vizovice, 76312, Czechia|Krajská nemocnice T. Bati, a.s., Zlín, 76275, Czechia|Kardiologická ambulance ?esky krumlov, ?esky Krumlov, 38101, Czechia|KARDIO GRéZL, s.r.o., ?umperk, 78701, Czechia|állami Szívkórház, Balatonfüred, 8230, Hungary|Gottsegen Gy?rgy National Cardiovascular Center, Budapest, 1096, Hungary|Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Hungary|Sante Cons Bt., Budapest, 1133, Hungary|DE Klinikai K?zpont Kardiológia és Szívsebészet, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary|Dombóvári Szent Lukács Kórház, Dombóvár, 7200, Hungary|Lahynara Bt, Dunavarsany, 2336, Hungary|Kardiológia Magánrendel?, Eger, 3300, Hungary|Mohácsi Kórház, Mohács, 7700, Hungary|Coromed-Smo, Pécs, 7623, Hungary|University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary|Soproni Erzsébet Oktató Kórház, Sopron, 9400, Hungary|újszeged Egészségk?zpont, Szeged, 6726, Hungary|ECHOKardio Poradnia Kardiologiczna, Bia?ystok, 15-028, Poland|Klinika Kardiologii Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego w Bia?ymstoku, Bia?ystok, 15-276, Poland|Kardiologiczna Praktyka Lekarska Anna Tomaszuk-Kazberuk, Bia?ystok, 15-546, Poland|Podlaski O?rodek Kardiologii, Bia?ystok, 15-875, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Marek Styczkiewicz, Brzozów, 36-200, Poland|BlueMed - Centrum Medyczne, Bydgoszcz, 85-088, Poland|Centrum Kardiologii Pawe? Grzelakowski, Bydgoszcz, 85-095, Poland|Centrum Medyczne A i D Nowak sj, Bydgoszcz, 85-314, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Tomasz ?ugowski, Bydgoszcz, 85-791, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Grzegorz Grze?k, Bydgoszcz, 85-796, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Jolanta Nowak, Bytom, 41-902, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Agata Fenger, Chorozow, 41500, Poland|Med. - Zone sp zoo, Cieszyn, 43-400, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska lek.n.med.Lucyna Góras-Hetmańczyk, Czelad?, 41250, Poland|Gabinet Kardiologiczny - Jacek Jafra, Cz?stochowa, 42-202, Poland|Prywatna Praktyka Lekarska Artur Dekiela, Cz?stochowa, 42-202, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Magdalena Miczko, D?browa Górnicza, 41-300, Poland|ISPL Ma?gorzata Dobrowolska Gabinet Tendo, Gdynia, 81-395, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Wojciech Czapla, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland|Indywidualna Praktyka Lekarska Tomasz Zieliński, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, 05-825, Poland|Przychodnia Lekarska Zdrowy Mi?, Grójec, 05-600, Poland|Centrum Medyczne NIWA, G?ogów Ma?opolski, 36-060, Poland|Miedziowe Centrum Zdrowia S.A., G?ogów, 67-200, Poland|Indywidualna Praktyka Lekarska Piotr Tokarczyk, Inowroc?aw, 88-100, Poland|Familia Medicina Sp. z o.o., Iwanowice W?o?ciańskie, 32-095, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Urszula Winiarska-Walu?, Jastrz?bie Zdrój, 44-330, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Jaros?aw Pa?dzierz, Jas?o, 38-200, Poland|Dorota Adamczyk-Kot NZOZ-KARDIO, J?drzejów, 28-300, Poland|Centrum Medyczne Kinesis, Kamień, 36-053, Poland|Praktyka Lekarska Wojciech Kwa?niewski, Katowice, 40-645, Poland|Prywatna Przychodnia Specjalistyczna Drozd Zbigniew G?sior, Katowice, ul. Drozdów 26, Poland|CUM PromontMed, Kielce, 25-020, Poland|Arsmedica Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska lek.med. Krzysztof Czerniejewski, Konin, 62-500, Poland|Prywatny Gabinet Kardiologiczny lek. med. S?awomir K?pski, Konin, 62-500, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Pawe? Michalski, Konin, 62-500, Poland|Uromed Sp Zoo, Koszalin, 75-402, Poland|Poliklinika MSWiA/Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Krzysztof Jarz?bek, Koszalin, 75-604, Poland|Indywidualna Praktyka Lekarska Krzysztof Ma?lak, Ko?minek, 62-840, Poland|Centrum Medyczne Dietla 19 sp. Z o.o., Kraków, 31-070, Poland|Centrum Twojego Zdrowia, Kraków, 31-101, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska "Kardiolek" Dr med. Piotr Wilko?ek, Kraków, 31-216, Poland|CM Oficerskie, Kraków, 31-513, Poland|Poradnia Kardiologiczna, Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Krakowie, Kraków, 31-826, Poland|Prywatny Gabinet Kardiologiczny Dr n.med Janusz B?k, Kranse, 36-007, Poland|Centrum Medyczne D?bina, Kro?cienko Wy?ne, 38-422, Poland|Beata Mik?aszewicz&Dariusz D?browski Cardiamed S.J., Legnica, 59-220, Poland|NZOZ DUOMED S.C. Poradnia Kardiologiczna, Legnica, 59-220, Poland|Prywatny Specjalistyczny Gabinet Kardiologiczno-Internistyczny, Libiaz, 32-590, Poland|Kardiologiczna Praktyka Lekarska Wojciech Kula, Lublin, 20-053, Poland|NZOZ Sanus Jacek Madej Poradnia kardiologiczna, Lublin, 20-143, Poland|NZOZ Sanus Jacek Madej, Lublin, 20-143, Poland|Provivo Specjalistyczne Centrum Medyczne, Lublin, 20-400, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska - Renata Leniec, Lublin, 59-300, Poland|Niepubliczny Zak?ad Opieki Zdrowotnej Specjalistyczne Gabinety lekarskie, Miko?ów, 43-190, Poland|Gabinet Lekarski Kardiologiczny, Mirków, 55-095, Poland|Prywatne Us?ugi Medyczne Jacek Morka, Modliszewice, 26-200, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna PraktyKa Lekarska-Piotr Utz, Moszczenica, 97-310, Poland|Gabinet Lekarski Ewa Burchard, Nowe Miasto nad Pilic?, 26-420, Poland|Medyczne Centrum Zdrovita, Nowy Tomy?l, 64-300, Poland|Ole?nica Prywatna Praktyka Lekarska, Ole?nica, 56-400, Poland|SZOZ Jantar Sp. z o.o. Poradnia Lekarzy Specjalistów, Ostrów Wielkopolski, 63-400, Poland|GVM CARINT O?wi?cim, O?wi?cim, 32-600, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Rafa? Nowak, Piasek, 43-211, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Andrzej B?ben, Piotrków Trybunalski, 97-300, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Andrzej Bolewski, Poznań, 60-461, Poland|Wojewódzki Szpital im. ?w. Ojca Pio w Przemy?lu, Przemy?l, 37-700, Poland|Leszek Kaminski Specjalistyczny Gabinet Lekarski, Przeworsk, 37-200, Poland|Praktyka Lekarska Katarzyna Czarnecka, Pszczyna, 43-200, Poland|Poradnia Kardiologiczna SPZOZ Pulawy, Pulawy, 24-100, Poland|PCK - Pu?awskie Centrum Kardiologiczne Przychodnia Specjalistyczna, Pu?awy, 24-100, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Maciej Strawczyński, P?ock, 09-402, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Magdalena Poterala, Radom, 26-600, Poland|Poradnia Kardioogiczna Zegara S?onecznego, Radom, 26-600, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Radzionków, Radzionków, 41-922, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska dr n. med. Alicja Ga?uszka-Bilińska, Rybnik, 44-203, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Wies?awa Faberska-Blicharska, Rybnik, 44-217, Poland|Centrum Medyczne Sabamed, Rzeszów, 35-006, Poland|Prywatny Gabinet Kardiologiczny dr n.med Janusz Romanek, Rzeszów, 35-055, Poland|My Life Centrum chorób serca, Sanok, 38-500, Poland|Monika Kujawiak Prywatna Praktyka Lekarska, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland|Prywatny Gabinet Lekarski Hanna Wilk-Manowiec, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland|Indywidualna praktyka lekarska Artur Marcinkiewicz, Siemianowice ?l?skie, 41-106, Poland|Asnyka 78d Gabinety Lekarskie, Skierniewice, 96-100, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Maciej Ka?mierski, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Marek Kondys, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland|Powiatowy Szpital Specjalistyczny w Stalowej Woli, Stalowa Wola, 37-450, Poland|Szpital w Szczecinku, Szczecinek, 78-400, Poland|Centrum Medyczne VITA, Szczecin, 70-341, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Tomasz Urbanik, Szczecin, 71-790, Poland|ISPL Anna Bis, Szczecin, 71-804, Poland|Gabinet Lekarski Weronika Greberska, Szczytniki, 62-023, Poland|Leomed Centrum Medyczne, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-606, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Pawe? Kocik, Tarnów, 33-100, Poland|Prywatna Praktyka Lekarska na wezwanie Miros?aw Marciniak, Toruń, 87-100, Poland|Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska - Witold Orszulak, Tychy, 43-100, Poland|Urszula Urbanowicz Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska, Tychy, 43100, Poland|SERCE S.C. Przychodnia Lekarzy Specjalistów, Warszawa, 02-496, Poland|Klinika 37 Centrum Kardiologii P?owiecka, Warszawa, 02-991, Poland|Prywatny Gabinet Lekarski Bo?ena Norwa-Otto, Warszawa, 04-188, Poland|Gabinet Lekarski lek med. Robert W?odarczyk, Wawrzeńczyce, 32-125, Poland|Centrum Medyczne Nowe Miasto, Wa?brzych, 58-302, Poland|Specjalistyczny Gabinet Lekarski ?ukasz Graczykowski, W?oc?awek, 87-800, Poland|Specjalistyczna Prajtyka Lekarska Gra?yna Glanowska, Zabrze, 10444, Poland|Gabinet Prywatnej Praktyki Lekarskiej Kard.-Int . Dr n.med. Brygida Przywara-Chowaniec, Zabrze, 41-800, Poland|Ns Zoz Kardiologia Sp. Z.O.O., Zamo??, 22-400, Poland|ALDEMED Centrum Medyczne, Zielona Góra, 65-001, Poland|Poradnia Kardiologiczna Centrum Medyczne w ?ańcucie, ?ańcut, 37-100, Poland|Kardiologiczno - Internistyczny Gabinet Lekarski Skrzyński Andrzej, ?uków, 21-400, Poland|Santa Sp. z o.o., ?ód?, 90-302, Poland|Nzoz Salusmed, ?ód?, 91-002, Poland|SP ZOZ ??czna, ??czna, 21-010, Poland|Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska Kamila Stembalska, ?cinawa, 59-330, Poland|Lekarze na Dworskiej, ?wiebodzin, 66-200, Poland|Gabinety Lekarskie JM Kulczyccy, ?ary, 68-200, Poland|Prywatna Praktyka Lekarska Anna Chudoba, ?yrardów, 96-300, Poland|Miclea Ioana - Mariana MEDIC SPECIALIST CARDIOLOG, Alba-Iulia, 510137, Romania|Dr. Morar Mihnea-Dragoscabinet Medical Individual - Specialist Cardiologie, Arad, 310009, Romania|Dr. Pop-Moldovan Adina-Ligia - Medicina Interna - Cardiologie, Arad, 310182, Romania|CMI Iosipescu Laura Cristina, Bacau, 600037, Romania|Cardio Animus SRL, Bacau, 600204, Romania|CMI - Centrul medical Diacord, Baia Mare, 430076, Romania|Mercea Corina-Delia - Medic, Baia Mare, 430123, Romania|Ambrinomed SRL, Botosani, 710095, Romania|Cardioland SRL, Brasov, 500326, Romania|Rus V. Horatiu - Cabinet Medical Individual de Cardiologie, Brasov, RO-500188, Romania|S.C. Ilro Medical S.R.L, Bucuresti, 010991, Romania|PFA Balahura Cristian, Bucuresti, 011026, Romania|Dr. Danet Ruxandra - Medic Cardiologie, Bucuresti, 011258, Romania|Dr. Bogdan Stefan Nicolae, Bucuresti, 011925, Romania|Cardiocare Center SRL, Bucuresti, 012052, Romania|Cordmedica SRL, Bucuresti, 012082, Romania|Dr. Serban Irina-Ruxandra - MEDIC PRIMAR CARDIOLOGIE, Bucuresti, 020281, Romania|Urocard Plus Srl, Bucuresti, 020281, Romania|Medi Pro Consult SRL, Bucuresti, 020501, Romania|Cmi Dr Georgescu Dragos, Bucuresti, 021705, Romania|Dr. Geavlete Dana-Oliviana - Activitate Medicala, Bucuresti, 021967, Romania|Mihaila I. Sorina - Medic Pfi, Bucuresti, 030915, Romania|S.C. Cardiomedical Team Pro S.R.L., Bucuresti, 040343, Romania|Dumitrescu Silviu-Ionel Persoana Fizica Autorizata, Bucuresti, 060926, Romania|Mihalcea Janina-Diana Medic Specialist Cardiologie, Bucuresti, 061192, Romania|Patrascu R. Natalia - Medic Specialist Medicina Interna, Bucuresti, 061304, Romania|Popescu I. Ileana Nicoleta Medic specialist cardiologie, Bucuresti, 061406, Romania|CMI Dr. Parsa Motlagh Babak, Bucuresti, 062282, Romania|Magister Research SRL, Bucuresti, 070000, Romania|Dr. Lungeanu-Juravle Laura-Activitate Medicala, Bucuresti, RO-011038, Romania|Cardio Clinique NCS SRL, Buzau, 120195, Romania|Medcon SRL, Buzau, 120203, Romania|Medicard SRL, Buzau, 120279, Romania|Angioplast Medical srl, Ciurea, RO-707085, Romania|CMI Diaconescu Iulia Dana, Cluj Napoca, 400347, Romania|Mediprax Centrum Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, 400347, Romania|SC Adisan SRL, Cluj Napoca, 400347, Romania|Sc Medicardio Andreea Srl, Cluj Napoca, 400347, Romania|Cardiotreat SRL, Cluj Napoca, 400349, Romania|SC Clujana Medica Srl, Cluj Napoca, 400394, Romania|PFA Comsa M.Dan-Horatiu, Cluj Napoca, 400441, Romania|Cabinet Cardiohealt Srl, Cluj Napoca, 400479, Romania|SC Cardioprotect MED SRL, Cluj Napoca, 400535, Romania|Sc Dentcor Srl, Cluj Napoca, RO-400480, Romania|Cardio World Health, Com Mosoaia, 117512, Romania|Cardio Manea Adelina SRL, Constanta, 610219, Romania|Endodiahealth Srl, Constanta, 900002, Romania|Dr. Maxim George Razvan - Activitate Medicala, Constanta, 900168, Romania|CMI Dr Ilie Ivona Valeria, Constanta, 900519, Romania|Asclepios Medicalhealth SRL, Constanta, 900615, Romania|Sc Daxiela Impex Srl, Craiova, 200085, Romania|Hortopan Med SRL, Craiova, 200323, Romania|Neurocord Medical Srl, Craiova, 200383, Romania|Vesalius Medical S.R.L, Craiova, 200470, Romania|Cabinet Medical Individual - Dr. Popescu Monica, Craiova, 200519, Romania|SC A&C Medical Prime SRL, Craiova, RO-200692, Romania|S & R Cardiobalance Srl, Curtea de Arges, 115300, Romania|Cardiolife, Deva, 330011, Romania|SC Maycor SRL, Galati, 800217, Romania|CMI Dr. Chiscaneanu Teodor, Galati, 800584, Romania|Cardiomedplus SRL, Gheorghieni, 535500, Romania|Procardia Serv-Med 2009 SRL srl, Iasi, 700111, Romania|Sc Cardiocare Clinic Srl, Iasi, 700260, Romania|Sc Cardiortomed Srl, Iasi, 700282, Romania|Medical Cardio Anghel SRL, Iasi, 700451, Romania|Niculescu G. Ana Irina - Medic colaborator, Iasi, 700688, Romania|SC Cardiomed SRL Iasi, Iasi, 700732, Romania|Cardioszakacs Srl, Cui 34404518, Miercurea Ciuc, 530112, Romania|Polimed Center SRL, CUI 26072639, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600, Romania|CMI Dr. Rotariu Dragos, Oradea, 410009, Romania|CMI Societatea civila Magheru&Magheru, Oradea, 410027, Romania|CMI Cardiomed SRL, Oradea, 410169, Romania|PFA Dr. Ardelean Adriana Ioana, Oradea, 410388, Romania|Dradiand SRL, Oradea, 410473, Romania|Sc Adriacard Srl, Oradea, 410474, Romania|Simed Concept SRL, Ostratu, 012052, Romania|Andries I. Elena - Medic Primar Cardiologie Si Medic Specialist Mi, Piatra Neamt, 610065, Romania|Cardiomed Alexandrescu Srl-D, Piatra Neamt, 610078, Romania|Dr. Corcoz Cardiologie SRL, Piatra Neamt, 610150, Romania|Davisof San Srl, Pitesti, 110003, Romania|Clinica Cardiologie Dr Stanciu Viorel, Pitesti, 110074, Romania|Sc Procordia Concept Srl, Pitesti, 110172, Romania|Cavi Clinique SRL, Ploiesti, 100562, Romania|SC Cardiologie Dr. Cristina Radoi SRL, Ramnicu Valcea, 240022, Romania|Sc Lidermed Plus Srl, Ramnicu Valcea, 240282, Romania|Sc Incarmed Srl, Ramnicu Valcea, 240284, Romania|Gx.Hatconsulting Srl, Sacele, 505600, Romania|Munteanu Alice-Elena - Medic Cardiolog, Sat Rosu, Comuna Chiajna, 077041, Romania|Voineag Olivia Medic Colaborator, Scheia, 720282, Romania|Batar D. Sergiu Constantin, Selimbar, 557260, Romania|SC Endocordis SRL, Sfintu Gheorghe, 520068, Romania|Cardio Stim Center SRL, Sinpetru, 507190, Romania|Rusu N. Ramona Iulia Medic Primar Cardiologie, Suceava, 720067, Romania|Diaconu Diana - Medic Cif 31885867, Tifgu Mures, 540281, Romania|Cardiomed Health SRL, Timisoara, 300172, Romania|Mornos Cristian Medic Independent, Timisoara, 300230, Romania|Cardio Suport SRL, Timisoara, 300244, Romania|Medicalife Tim SRL, Timisoara, 300362, Romania|Cardio - DRS S.R.L, Timisoara, 300369, Romania|Policlinica Dr. Tudoran, Timisoara, 300480, Romania|German Sallo Marta - Medic primar cardiolog, CIF 35699735, Tirgu Mures, 540095, Romania|CMI Tatar A. Maria Cristina, CUI 19814204, Tirgu Mures, RO-540496, Romania|Bendl H. Laura Elena - Cabinet Medical Individual Plus Clinic, Turnu Severin, 220004, Romania|Croitoru G Rodica Medic Colaborator, Valea Adinca, 700732, Romania|CMI Demle S. Adriana-Cristina, Zalau, 450103, Romania|Dr. Dragos Lupu - Medic Specialist Cardiolog, Zarnesti, 505800, Romania|Universit?tsspital Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland|Spital Sonnenhof, Bern, 3006, Switzerland|Engeried-Spital (Bern), Bern, 3012, Switzerland|Spitalzentrum Biel, Biel, 2501, Switzerland|H?pital de La Tour, Carouge, 1227, Switzerland|Cardiomed - Jura, Courrendlin, 2830, Switzerland|Centre de Cardiologie, Delémont, 2800, Switzerland|Schlossberg ?rztezentrum, Frauenfeld, 8500, Switzerland|H?pitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva 14, 1211, Switzerland|H?pitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève 14, 1205, Switzerland|H?pitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, 1205, Switzerland|Spital Lachen AG, Lachen, 8853, Switzerland|CHUV-Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland|Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, 6004, Switzerland|Herzzentrum Hirslanden Zentralschweiz, Luzern, 6006, Switzerland|H?pital de Morges, Morges, 1110, Switzerland|Dr. med. Eleni Goulouti, Neuchatel, 2000, Switzerland|Kantonsspital Olten, Olten, 4600, Switzerland|Herzpraxis Regensdorf, Regensdorf, 8105, Switzerland|Kantonsspital Obwalden, Sarnen, 6060, Switzerland|Rehaklinik Seewis, Seewis, 7212, Switzerland|Dr. med. Kiril Tzvetanov, Sierre, 3960, Switzerland|Herzpraxis Sankt Gallen, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland|Herzpraxis Sursee, Sursee, 6210, Switzerland|Kardiologie Aarezentrum Thun, Thun, 3600, Switzerland|Spital STS AG, Thun, 3600, Switzerland|H?pital Fribourgeois, Villars-sur-Glane, 1752, Switzerland|Herz- und Physiozentrum, Wallisellen, 8304, Switzerland|Arztpraxis Waltenschwil, Waltenschwil, 5622, Switzerland|Spital Will, Will, 9500, Switzerland|Herz- und Kreislaufpraxis Winterthur, Winterthur, 8400, Switzerland|Medbase Winterthur Neuwiesen, Winterthur, 8400, Switzerland|H?pital d'Yverdon-les-Bains, Yverdon-les-Bains, 1400, Switzerland|Spital Zollikerberg, Zollikerberg, 8125, Switzerland|SICADE Clinic, Zürich, 8001, Switzerland|Herzpraxis Enge ZH, Zürich, 8002, Switzerland|Gruppenpraxis Dr. Dese? / Dr. Dese?-Schütz / Dr. Lorger, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland|Herzklinik Hirslanden, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland|HerzKlinik Zürich Hirslanden, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland|Herzkreislaufpraxis, Zürich, 8055, Switzerland|Universit?tsspital Zürich, Zürich, 8091, Switzerland Less <<
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Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

2.22mL

0.44mL

0.22mL

11.09mL

2.22mL

1.11mL

22.18mL

4.44mL

2.22mL

References

[1]Panchapakesan U, Pegg K, et al. Effects of SGLT2 inhibition in human kidney proximal tubular cells--renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy? PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e54442.

[2]Thomas L, Grempler R, et al. Long-term treatment with empagliflozin, a novel, potent and selective SGLT-2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control and features of metabolic syndrome in diabetic rats. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012 Jan;14(1):94-6.

[3]Lee KA, Jin HY, et al. Effect of Empagliflozin, a Selective Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, on Kidney and Peripheral Nerves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Diabetes Metab J. 2018 Aug;42(4):338-342.

[4]Shao Q, Meng L, et al. Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, alleviates atrial remodeling and improves mitochondrial function in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019 Nov 28;18(1):165.

[5]Cheng ST, Chen L, et al. The Effects of Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, on Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One. 2016 Jan 25;11(1):e0147391.

[6]Pennig J, Scherrer P, et al. Glucose lowering by SGLT2-inhibitor empagliflozin accelerates atherosclerosis regression in hyperglycemic STZ-diabetic mice. Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 29;9(1):17937.

[7]Empagliflozin

[8]Grempler R, Thomas L, Eckhardt M, Himmelsbach F, Sauer A, Sharp DE, Bakker RA, Mark M, Klein T, Eickelmann P. Empagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor: characterisation and comparison with other SGLT-2 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012 Jan;14(1):83-90.

[9]Verma S, Rawat S, Ho KL, Wagg CS, Zhang L, Teoh H, Dyck JE, Uddin GM, Oudit GY, Mayoux E, Lehrke M, Marx N, Lopaschuk GD. Empagliflozin Increases Cardiac Energy Production in Diabetes: Novel Translational Insights Into the Heart Failure Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2018 Aug 26;3(5):575-587.

 

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