Synthesis and biological evaluation of structurally diverse 6-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogues as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization
Wen Ren
;
Yuling Deng
;
Jacob D. Ward
, et al.
Eur. J. Med. Chem.,2024,263,115794.
DOI:
10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115794
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Abstract: The synthesis and evaluation of small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization remains a promising approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) inspired significant drug discovery campaigns targeting the colchicine site located on the beta-subunit of the tubulin heterodimer, but so far these efforts have not yielded an approved drug for cancer treatment in human patients. Interest in the colchicine site was enhanced by the discovery that a subset of colchicine site agents demonstrated dual functionality as both potent antiproliferative agents and effective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). Our previous studies led to the discovery and development of a 2-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogue (OXi8006) that inhibited tubulin polymerization and demonstrated low nM IC50 values against a variety of human cancer cell lines. A water-soluble phosphate prodrug salt (OXi8007), synthesized from OXi8006, displayed promising vascular disrupting activity in mouse models of cancer. To further extend structure-activity relationship correlations, a series of 6-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogues was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. Several structurally diverse molecules in this small library were strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. One of the most promising analogues (KGP591) caused significant G2/M arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells, disrupted microtubule structure and cell morphology in MDA-MB-231 cells, and demonstrated significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration in a wound healing (scratch) assay. A phosphate prodrug salt, KGP618, synthesized from its parent phenolic precursor, KGP591, demonstrated significant reduction in bioluminescence signal when evaluated in vivo against an orthotopic model of kidney cancer (RENCA-luc) in BALB/c mice, indicative of VDA efficacy. The most active compounds from this series offer promise as anticancer therapeutic agents.
Keywords:
Inhibitors of tubulin polymerization ;
Vascular disrupting agents ;
Indole synthesis ;
Molecular docking ;
Antiproliferative agents ;
Inhibitors of cell migration
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of selected 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel CDK9/CyclinT and Haspin inhibitors
Pieterse, Lianie
;
Beteck, Richard M.
;
Baratte, Blandine
, et al.
Chem.-Biol. Interac.,2021,349,109643.
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109643
PubMed ID:
34508710
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Abstract: Protein kinases, including CDK9/CyclinT and Haspin, are regarded as potential drug targets in cancer therapy. Findings from a previous study suggested 7-azaindole as a privileged scaffold for producing inhibitors of CDK9/CyclinT and Haspin. Inspired by these findings, the current study synthesized and evaluated thirteen (13) C6-substituted 7-azaindole and twenty (20) C4-substituted structurally related 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives against a panel of protein kinases, including CDK9/CyclinT and Haspin. Eleven of the 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives exhibited activity toward CDK9/CyclinT, while 4 of compounds had activity against Haspin. The best CDK9/CyclinT (IC50 of 0.38 μM) and Haspin (IC50 of 0.11 μM) activities were achieved by compounds 7d and 7f, resp. Hence, these compounds may be valuable starting points for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
Keywords:
7-Deazapurine ;
Anticancer ;
CDK9/CylinT ;
Haspin ;
Protein kinase
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98437-24-2 ;
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6165-68-0 ;
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