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Chemical Structure| 95233-18-4 Chemical Structure| 95233-18-4

Structure of Atovaquone
CAS No.: 95233-18-4

Chemical Structure| 95233-18-4

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Atovaquone is a medication used to treat or prevent for pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesia.

Synonyms: Atavaquone; BW 566C; Wellvone

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Product Details of Atovaquone

CAS No. :95233-18-4
Formula : C22H19ClO3
M.W : 366.84
SMILES Code : O=C1C([C@H]2CC[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3)CC2)=C(O)C(C4=C1C=CC=C4)=O
Synonyms :
Atavaquone; BW 566C; Wellvone
MDL No. :MFCD00889188
InChI Key :BSJMWHQBCZFXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :74989

Safety of Atovaquone

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
H1299 cells 10 µM 24 hours Inhibits HSP accumulation, thereby suppressing thermotolerance PMC4962491
J774 mouse macrophages, human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), murine bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors >10μM To evaluate the cytotoxicity of ELQ-300 and P4Q-391, showing no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations 400-1000 times higher than their antimalarial activity. PMC4227885
Plasmodium falciparum (D6, 3D7, Dd2, W2, TM90-C2B) 1.3 to 13.6 nM (ELQ-300), 3.18 to 32.3 nM (P4Q-391) 72 hours To evaluate the in vitro antimalarial activity of ELQ-300 and P4Q-391 against various Plasmodium strains, showing high potency against multiple strains including atovaquone-resistant isolates. PMC4227885
Plasmodium falciparum NF54 (Y268S mutant) 9.0 µM (EC50) 72 hours Determine the drug resistance of Y268S mutant to Atovaquone, EC50 was 9.0 µM, showing significant increase in resistance PMC10570281
Plasmodium falciparum NF54 (wild type) 0.68 nM (EC50) 72 hours Determine the sensitivity of wild-type parasites to Atovaquone, EC50 was 0.68 nM PMC10570281
Plasmodium falciparum (NF54e/V259L) 35.3 ± 2.5 nM Determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Atovaquone against malaria parasites PMC5149070
Plasmodium falciparum (NF54e/M133I) 16.2 ± 3.9 nM Determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Atovaquone against malaria parasites PMC5149070
Plasmodium falciparum (NF54e) 2.25 ± 1.13 nM Determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Atovaquone against malaria parasites PMC5149070
HCT116 cells 10 µM 24 hours To evaluate the effect of terbinafine on CRC cell viability, results showed that terbinafine significantly reduced the viability of HCT116 cells. PMC4962491
FaDu cells 10 µM 24 hours To evaluate the effect of CPI-455 alone and in combination with olaparib and cisplatin on cell viability. CPI-455 showed minimal effect on FaDu cell viability when used alone but was active at high concentrations (>50 µM). PMC4962491
MC38 cells 1 µM 48 hours To assess the impact of AZD1080 on MC38 cell viability, results showed that only the LLC cell line showed decreased viability at a high dose (100 μg/mL) of AZD1080, while slightly enhancing the viability of MC38 and CT26 cells at 10 and 100 μg/mL. PMC8487475
Infected RBCs 10 µM 48 hours To evaluate the growth inhibition of B. microti exposed to atovaquone, results showed significant anti-B. microti activity of atovaquone. PMC4925016
CT26 cells 15 µM and above 24 hours To assess the impact of AZD1080 on CT26 cell viability, results showed slightly enhancing the viability at 10 and 100 μg/mL. PMC10784292

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
HuHep mice (FRG KO (Fah–/–, Rag2–/–, Il2rg–/–)) Humanized mouse model (engrafted with human hepatocytes and erythrocytes) Mosquito bite transmission Single bite, monitored for 7.5 days Evaluate the transmission capability of Y268S mutant parasites via mosquitoes to humanized mice, results showed mutants failed to transmit PMC10570281
Nude mice FaDu and HCT116 xenografts Oral 50 mg/kg/day Once daily for 7 days Atovaquone significantly reduces hypoxia in FaDu and HCT116 xenografts and causes a significant tumour growth delay when combined with radiation. PMC4962491
BALB/c nude mice and NOD/SCID mice Colon cancer PDX model and MC38 homograft model Intraperitoneal injection 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg Once daily for 7 days To evaluate the effect of HSA-ATO NPs on alleviating tumor hypoxia and its synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 therapy, results showed that HSA-ATO NPs significantly alleviated tumor hypoxia and enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy PMC8487475
Mice Malaria model Intraperitoneal injection 0.5 mg/kg Single dose Evaluate the transmission-blocking effect of atovaquone on malaria, results show that atovaquone can eliminate Plasmodium infection at low transmission intensities PMC3674233
SCID mice B. microti infection model Oral gavage 10 mg/kg Once daily for 7 consecutive days To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of atovaquone against B. microti infection, results showed potent activity of atovaquone at 10 mg/kg. PMC4925016
BALB/c nude mice Subcutaneous FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma model Oral administration in drinking water 50 mg/kg/d Once daily for 7 days Atovaquone altered tumour pH by reducing tumour hypoxia, and APT MRI showed the associated change in tumour pH. PMC6462213
Mice Malaria infection model Intraperitoneal injection 1.44 mg/kg body weight Once daily, during treatment To evaluate the enhanced sensitivity of PV5-deregulated parasites to Atovaquone, results showed that PV5-deregulated P. berghei exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to Atovaquone PMC7368307
Balb/c mice CT26 colorectal cancer model Oral gavage 200 mg/kg/day Once daily for 15 days To evaluate the effect of Atovaquone in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody, results showed Atovaquone significantly alleviated tumor hypoxia and synergized with anti-PD-L1, improving tumor eradication rates PMC10784292

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT03163121 Malaria Phase 1 Recruiting October 2018 Netherlands ... More >> Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2 Recruiting Leiden, Netherlands, 2333 ZA Contact: Leo G. Visser, MD    31715266354    l.g.visser@lumc.nl    Contact: Meta Roestenberg, MD, PhD    31715264400    M.Roestenberg@lumc.nl    Principal Investigator: Leo G. Visser, MD          Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28 Recruiting Nijmegen, Netherlands, 6525 GA Contact: Robert W. Sauerwein, MD    31243610577    Robert.Sauerwein@radboudumc.nl    Contact: Jona Walk, MD    31243613663    Jona.Walk@radboudumc.nl    Principal Investigator: Robert W. Sauerwein, MD Less <<
NCT01218893 Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Not Applicable Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands, 2300 RC Less <<
NCT01236612 Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Not Applicable Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands, 6500 HB Less <<
NCT01422954 Malaria Plasm... More >>odium Falciparum Less << Not Applicable Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands, 2333 ZA Less <<
NCT00149383 Falciparum Malaria Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - Thailand ... More >> Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand, 10400 Less <<
NCT03454048 Malaria,Falciparum ... More >> Gametocytes Controlled Human Malaria Infection Transmission Less << Not Applicable Recruiting December 1, 2018 Netherlands ... More >> Radboud university medical center Recruiting Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6525 GA Contact: Isaie Reuling    024 361 9515 ext +31    isaie.reuling@radboudumc.nl Less <<
NCT03083847 Malaria Phase 1 Recruiting June 30, 2019 United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Recruiting Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Office of Patient Recruitment (OPR)    800-411-1222 ext TTY8664111010    prpl@cc.nih.gov Less <<
NCT02098590 Malaria Not Applicable Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Radboud university medical center Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6525 GA Less <<
NCT00298610 Malaria Phase 2 Completed - Kenya ... More >> New Nyanza Provincial Hospital Kisumu, New Nyanza, Kenya Less <<
NCT01976325 Malaria Not Applicable Unknown November 2015 Canada, Ontario ... More >> National Capital Region Occupational Health Clinic Recruiting Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9 Contact: Louise J Levesque, RN, BScN    613-946-5533    louise.j.levesque@hc-sc.gc.ca    Contact: Lisa Taras, MD, CCFP    613-946-6583    lisa.taras@hc-sc.gc.ca    Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Recruiting Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9 Contact: Charde A Morgan, MScPH    613-737-8899 ext 72424    cmorgan@ohri.ca    Contact: Anne E McCarthy, MD    613-737-8899 ext 78184    amccarthy@toh.on.ca    Principal Investigator: Anne E McCarthy, MD, MSc          Sub-Investigator: Charde A Morgan, MScPH          International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers Recruiting Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6K 3E3 Contact: Tullia Marcolongo    416-652-0137    tullia@iamat.org Less <<
NCT00451139 Malaria Phase 4 Completed - Ethiopia ... More >> Jimma University Hospital Jimma, Ethiopia Less <<
NCT02836002 Malaria Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Radboud university medical center Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6525 GA Less <<
NCT00636935 Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Phase 4 Withdrawn(No patient completed... More >> protocol) Less << - United States, District of Col... More >>umbia George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, United States, 20037 Less <<
NCT01660854 Malaria, Falciparum Not Applicable Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands, 2333ZA Less <<
NCT01055002 Healthy Non-s... More >>mokers Less << Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - Australia, Queensland ... More >> Q-Pharm Clinics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4006 Less <<
NCT00298610 - Completed - -
NCT02564471 Rabies Phase 4 Recruiting December 2018 United States, New York ... More >> State University of New York, Upstate Medical University (SUNY-UMU) Recruiting Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210 Contact: Lisa Ware, MS    315-464-4398    warel@upstate.edu Less <<
NCT02080026 Malaria Not Applicable Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Radboud university medical center Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6525 GA Less <<
NCT00386750 Malaria Falci... More >>parum Less << Phase 4 Terminated - -
NCT01442168 Malaria, Falciparum Phase 1 Phase 2 Terminated - Thailand ... More >> Mae Ramat Hospital Mae Ramat, Tak province, Thailand Maesot General hospital Mae Sot, Tak Province, Thailand Hospital for Tropical Diseases Bangkok, Thailand Less <<
NCT02450578 Falciparum Malaria Phase 1 Completed - Germany ... More >> Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Institut für Tropenmedizin Tübingen, Germany, 72074 Less <<
NCT02858817 Malaria Phase 1 Unknown March 2018 -
NCT03278808 Malaria Phase 2 Recruiting September 1, 2020 United States, Maryland ... More >> Clinical Research Unit, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences Not yet recruiting Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20814 Contact: Thomas Oliver, MD    301-295-0016    thomas.g.oliver.mil@mail.mil    WRAIR Recruiting Silver Spring, Maryland, United States, 20910 Contact: Jeffrey R Livezey, MD    301-319-3217    jeffrey.r.livezey.mil@mail.mil Less <<
NCT00444106 Malaria Falci... More >>parum Less << Phase 4 Completed - Colombia ... More >> Novartis Investigational Site Tumaco, Colombia Less <<
NCT00000811 Bacterial Infections ... More >> Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii HIV Infections Less << Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT01150344 Malaria Phase 4 Completed - France ... More >> Hôpital Avicenne Bobigny, Seine St Denis, France, 93000 Less <<
NCT00379821 Plasmodium Falciparum Infectio... More >>n Less << Phase 3 Completed - Malawi ... More >> Blantyre Malaria Project - Ndirande Health Centre Blantyre, Malawi Less <<
NCT00444106 - Completed - -
NCT00000794 Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral ... More >> HIV Infections Less << Phase 2 Completed - United States, California ... More >> USC CRS Los Angeles, California, United States, 900331079 United States, Florida Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS Miami, Florida, United States, 331361013 United States, Hawaii Queens Med. Ctr. Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 96816 Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp. Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 96816 United States, Illinois Northwestern University CRS Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611 Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr. Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612 United States, Indiana Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 462025250 Methodist Hosp. of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 United States, Maryland Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287 United States, Missouri Washington U CRS St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic St. Louis, Missouri, United States United States, New York SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr. Buffalo, New York, United States, 13210 Beth Israel Med. Ctr. (Mt. Sinai) New York, New York, United States, 10003 NY Univ. HIV/AIDS CRS New York, New York, United States United States, Ohio Univ. of Cincinnati CRS Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS Columbus, Ohio, United States, 432101228 Less <<
NCT00001994 Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral|HIV In... More >>fections Less << COMPLETED - Los Angeles County - USC Med C... More >>tr, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States|Infectious Disease Med Group, Oakland, California, 94609, United States|San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, California, 941102859, United States|UCSF - San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, California, 94110, United States|Davies Med Ctr, San Francisco, California, 94114, United States|Georgetown Univ Med Ctr, Washington, District of Columbia, 20007, United States|Infectious Disease Research Consortium of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, 30345, United States|Johns Hopkins Hosp, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States|Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, New York, 10003, United States|Saint Vincent's Hosp and Med Ctr, New York, New York, 10011, United States|Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, New York, 10037, United States|SUNY / Health Sciences Ctr at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 117948153, United States|Duke Univ Med Ctr, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States|Portland Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Rsch & Education Grp, Portland, Oregon, 97210, United States|Regional Med Ctr at Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38103, United States|Gathe, Joseph, M.D., Houston, Texas, 77004, United States|Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States|Infectious Disease Physicians Inc, Annandale, Virginia, 22203, United States|Southern Alberta HIV Clinic / Foothills Hosp, Calgary, Alberta, Canada|Dr Julio S G Montaner, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada|Wellesley Hosp, Toronto, Ontario, Canada|Dr Emil Toma / Hotel Dieu de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Less <<
NCT00000655 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT00379821 - Completed - -
NCT00084227 Malaria, Falciparum Phase 2 Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT00001991 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << COMPLETED - Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Research T... More >>riangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States Less <<
NCT00001990 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << COMPLETED - Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Research T... More >>riangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States Less <<
NCT00001996 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 2 Completed - United States, California ... More >> East Bay AIDS Ctr Berkeley, California, United States, 94704 Kaiser Foundation Hosp Harbor City, California, United States, 90710 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048 UCLA CARE Ctr Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095 UCI Med Ctr Orange, California, United States, 92668 AIDS Community Research Consortium Redwood City, California, United States, 94063 Davies Med Ctr San Francisco, California, United States, 94114 Dr Patrick Joseph San Ramone, California, United States, 94583 United States, Georgia Infectious Disease Research Consortium of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30345 United States, Massachusetts Massachusetts Gen Hosp Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 Boston City Hosp Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118 United States, New York Beth Israel Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10003 Saint Vincent's Hosp and Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10011 Harlem AIDS Treatment Group / Harlem Hosp Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10037 United States, Ohio Univ of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 United States, Oregon Portland Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Rsch & Education Grp Portland, Oregon, United States, 97210 United States, Pennsylvania Buckley Braffman Stern Med Associates Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107 United States, Tennessee Regional Med Ctr at Memphis Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38103 United States, Texas Gathe, Joseph, M.D. Houston, Texas, United States, 77004 Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas, United States, 77030 Less <<
NCT00000802 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT03726593 Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ... More >>(Drug Resistant) Less << Phase 4 Recruiting June 30, 2021 Cambodia ... More >> Kratie Referral Hospital Not yet recruiting Kratie, Cambodia Contact: Somaly Kieng, M.D    +855 72 971 755       Contact: Chanthap Lon, M.D    855 23 881 845    chanthapl@afrims.org    Sub-Investigator: Darapiseth Sea, MD          Sub-Investigator: Dysoley Lek, MD          Anlong Veng Referral Hospital Recruiting Ânlóng Vêng, Cambodia Contact: Phan Kong, M.A    016 51 09 09       Principal Investigator: Chanthap Lon, MD          Sub-Investigator: Darapiseth Sea, MD          Sub-Investigator: Dysoley Lek, MD Less <<
NCT00002340 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 3 Completed - United States, Florida ... More >> Goodgame Med Group Maitland, Florida, United States, 32751 Bay Area AIDS Consortium Tampa, Florida, United States, 33609 United States, New York Saint Vincent's Hosp and Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10011 United States, Ohio Holmes Hosp Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 United States, Virginia Hampton Roads Med Specialists Hampton, Virginia, United States, 23666 Less <<
NCT00000773 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << PHASE1 COMPLETED 1996-09-01 UCSF Pediatric AIDS CRS, San F... More >>rancisco, California, 94143, United States|Chicago Children's CRS, Chicago, Illinois, 60614, United States|Tulane/LSU Maternal/Child CRS, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States|DUMC Ped. CRS, Durham, North Carolina, United States|St. Jude/UTHSC CRS, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, United States|Univ. of Puerto Rico Ped. HIV/AIDS Research Program CRS, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico Less <<
NCT00421473 HIV Infections ... More >> Malaria Less << Phase 4 Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Elisabeth hospital Tilburg, Brabant, Netherlands, 5022 GC Alysis Zorggroep loc. Rijnstate Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6800 TA Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands, 6525 GA Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum Leiden, Zuid Holland, Netherlands, 2300 RC Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Zuid Holland, Netherlands, 3000 CA Less <<
NCT01479361 HIV PCP ... More >> Toxoplasmosis Less << Phase 1 Completed - United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Less <<
NCT01858831 Malaria Phase 1 Completed - Japan ... More >> GSK Investigational Site Kagoshima, Japan, 890-0081 Less <<
NCT02297477 Malaria Phase 4 Active, not recruiting February 2019 Cambodia ... More >> Anlong Veng Referral Hospital Anlong Veng, Oddar Meancheay, Cambodia Less <<
NCT00984256 - Completed - -
NCT00984256 Malaria Phase 2 Completed - United States, Maryland ... More >> Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, Maryland, United States, 20910 Less <<
NCT03568994 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Early Phase 1 Recruiting January 2021 United States, Maryland ... More >> John Hopkins Medicine Not yet recruiting Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205 Contact: Cara Rabik, MD          United States, Texas Baylor College of Medicine Recruiting Houston, Texas, United States, 77030 Contact: Alexandra Stevens    832-824-4824       United States, Washington Seattle Children's Hospital Not yet recruiting Seattle, Washington, United States, 98101 Contact: Todd Cooper, MD Less <<
NCT02628080 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung EARLY_PHASE1 COMPLETED 2025-12-18 Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Ox... More >>fordshire, OX3 7LE, United Kingdom Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

2.73mL

0.55mL

0.27mL

13.63mL

2.73mL

1.36mL

27.26mL

5.45mL

2.73mL

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