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Chemical Structure| 635-65-4 Chemical Structure| 635-65-4

Structure of Bilirubin
CAS No.: 635-65-4

Chemical Structure| 635-65-4

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Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of heme metabolism and an important indicator of liver function. Bilirubin has antioxidant and anti-mutagenic effects, primarily used in research on liver function and related diseases.

Synonyms: Hematoidin; NSC 26685; Bilibubin

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Product Details of Bilirubin

CAS No. :635-65-4
Formula : C33H36N4O6
M.W : 584.66
SMILES Code : CC1=C(NC(=C1CCC(=O)O)CC2=C(C(=C(N2)/C=C\3/C(=C(C(=O)N3)C)C=C)C)CCC(=O)O)/C=C\4/C(=C(C(=O)N4)C=C)C
Synonyms :
Hematoidin; NSC 26685; Bilibubin
MDL No. :MFCD00005499
InChI Key :BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-N
Pubchem ID :5280352

Safety of Bilirubin

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
Purified human 20S proteasomes Up to 10 μM 1 h Bilirubin directly inhibited the CT-like peptidase activity of purified 20S proteasomes in vitro. PMC5520929
Rat chondrocytes 10 μM 12 hours To evaluate the protective effect of bilirubin against H2O2-induced oxidative damage, results showed bilirubin significantly increased cell viability and reduced ROS levels. PMC10945086
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D brain organoids 200 nM 24 and 72 hours To study the detrimental effects of BF on the developing human brain and reveal BF-induced neuro-inflammation PMC10527749
A549 cells 0 to 160 μM 24 hours To investigate the effect of bilirubin on A549 cells and the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Results showed that bilirubin induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, cytochrome C release, BAX upregulation, BCL-2 downregulation, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, which were reversed by dexmedetomidine. PMC4535733
Rat alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC II/RLE-6TN) 400 nM 24 hours To evaluate the protective effects of bilirubin on cell viability in an oxidative stress model. Results showed that 400 nM bilirubin significantly improved cell viability under hyperoxia and hypoxia conditions, restoring it to control levels. PMC11121655
Raw264.7 macrophages 10 μM 24 hours To assess the anti-inflammatory effect of bilirubin, results showed bilirubin significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression. PMC10945086
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) 100 μM 24 hours and 48 hours To evaluate the ability of ADHLSC to conjugate bilirubin in vitro. Results showed that differentiated ADHLSC achieved conjugation rates of 5.1% ± 1.8% and 9.0% ± 1.1% after 24 h and 48 h respectively. PMC4130866
Rat primary hepatocytes 50, 100, 200 μM 4 hours Both UCB and CB inhibited GCDC-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species. PMC1773880

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
Sprague-Dawley rats Neonatal and adult rats Intracerebroventricular injection (adult rats); Intraperitoneal injection (neonatal rats) 25, 50 μmol/l (adult rats); 6, 12, 25, 50, 100 μg/g (neonatal rats) Adult rats: single injection, sampled at 24 h; Neonatal rats: twice daily for 3 days Bilirubin treatment significantly increased Ub-prs and Bax in hippocampal tissue, and brain malfunction and pathology induced by neonatal exposure to hyperbilirubinemia were detectable in adulthood. PMC5520929
Sprague-Dawley rats Common bile duct ligation model Intraperitoneal injection 25 μg/kg Once daily for 7 days To investigate bilirubin-induced lung injury and the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Results showed that common bile duct ligation induced pulmonary edema, inflammation, and respiratory failure, which were attenuated by dexmedetomidine. PMC4535733
ICR mice Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity model Intraperitoneal injection 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg Once daily for 7 or 12 days Bilirubin significantly attenuated doxorubicin-induced arrhythmia, prolonged survival time, reduced myocardial enzyme levels, and improved Cx43 gap junction function by activating the AMPK-Axl-SOCS3 signaling axis. PMC9082937
Sprague-Dawley rats ACLT-induced osteoarthritis model Intra-articular injection 20 μM, 200 μL Every 5 days for 8 weeks To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bilirubin in vivo, results showed bilirubin significantly alleviated cartilage degeneration and delayed OA progression. PMC10945086

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

1.71mL

0.34mL

0.17mL

8.55mL

1.71mL

0.86mL

17.10mL

3.42mL

1.71mL

Dissolving Methods
The prepared working fluid is recommended to be prepared now and used up as soon as possible in a short period of time. The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
Protocol 1

References

[1]Han F, Kang LZ, et al. Bioproduction of baccatin III, an advanced precursor of paclitaxol, with transgenic Flammulina velutipes expressing the 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyl transferase gene. J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Sep;94(12):2376-83.

[2]Lee YH, Lee YR, et al. Baccatin III, a precursor for the semisynthesis of paclitaxel, inhibits the accumulation and suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Aug;21(2):487-93.

[3]Vogel ME, Idelman G, Konaniah ES, Zucker SD. Bilirubin Prevents Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice by Inhibiting Endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Apr 1;6(4):e004820. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004820. PMID: 28365565; PMCID: PMC5532999.

[4]Rawat V, Bortolussi G, Gazzin S, Tiribelli C, Muro AF. Bilirubin-Induced Oxidative Stress Leads to DNA Damage in the Cerebellum of Hyperbilirubinemic Neonatal Mice and Activates DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways in Human Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Nov 26;2018:1801243. doi: 10.1155/2018/1801243. PMID: 30598724; PMCID: PMC6287157.

[5]Zucker SD, Vogel ME, Kindel TL, Smith DL, Idelman G, Avissar U, Kakarlapudi G, Masnovi ME. Bilirubin prevents acute DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and suppressing upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015 Nov 15;309(10):G841-54. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00149.2014. Epub 2015 Sep 17. PMID: 26381705; PMCID: PMC4652140.

 

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