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Chemical Structure| 80-08-0 Chemical Structure| 80-08-0

Structure of Dapsone
CAS No.: 80-08-0

Chemical Structure| 80-08-0

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Dapsone is a sulfone with anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive properties as well as antibacterial and antibiotic properties.

Synonyms: 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone; DDS; Sulfona

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Product Citations

Product Citations

Verónica Urdaneta-Páez ; Randy Hamchand ; Karen Anthony ; Jason Crawford ; Alan G. Sutherland ; Barbara I. Kazmierczak

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to many classes of antibiotics, reflecting the restrictive nature of its outer membrane and the action of its numerous efflux systems. However, the dynamics of compound uptake, retention, and efflux in this bacterium remain incompletely understood. Here, we exploited the sensor capabilities of a Z-nucleotide-sensing riboswitch to create an experimental system able to identify physicochemical and structural properties of compounds that permeate the bacterial cell, avoid efflux, and perturb the folate cycle or de novo purine synthesis. In the first step, a collection of structurally diverse compounds enriched in antifolate drugs was screened for ZTP (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside 5′-triphosphate) riboswitch reporter activity in efflux-deficient P. aeruginosa, allowing us to identify compounds that entered the cell and disrupted the folate pathway. These initial hits were then rescreened using isogenic efflux-proficient bacteria, allowing us to separate efflux substrates from efflux avoiders. We confirmed this categorization by measuring intracellular levels of select compounds in the efflux-deficient and -proficient strain using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This simple yet powerful method, optimized for high-throughput screening, enables the discovery of numerous permeable compounds that avoid efflux and paves the way for further refinement of the physicochemical and structural rules governing efflux in this multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen. IMPORTANCE: Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections has become increasingly challenging. The development of novel antibiotics against this multidrug-resistant bacterium is a priority, but many drug candidates never achieve effective concentrations in the bacterial cell due to its highly restrictive outer membrane and the action of multiple efflux pumps. Here, we develop a robust and simple reporter system in P. aeruginosa to screen chemical libraries and identify compounds that either enter the cell and remain inside or enter the cell and are exported by efflux systems. This approach enables the development of rules of compound uptake and retention in P. aeruginosa that will lead to more rational design of novel antibiotics.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; antimicrobial resistance ; drug efflux

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Alternative Products

Product Details of Dapsone

CAS No. :80-08-0
Formula : C12H12N2O2S
M.W : 248.30
SMILES Code : O=S(C1=CC=C(C=C1)N)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)=O
Synonyms :
4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone; DDS; Sulfona
MDL No. :MFCD00007887
InChI Key :MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :2955

Safety of Dapsone

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302
Precautionary Statements:P280-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
mouse peritoneal macrophages 25–1000 μM 48 h To evaluate the antileishmanial activity of DAP against Leishmania-infected macrophages. Results showed EC50 values of 93.7 μM and 54.5 μM for L. major and L. braziliensis, respectively. Pharmaceutics. 2019 Nov 13;11(11):607
human erythrocytes 0.15-0.6 mM 30 min to 24 h To investigate the effect of DDS-NHOH on erythrocyte membrane protein interactions, leading to band 3 protein aggregation and autologous antibody binding. Results showed that DDS-NHOH (but not dapsone) induced band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation, with the most significant effect at 0.3 mM. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;161(5):1186-99

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
Mice Swiss Webster Intraperitoneal injection 40 mg/kg 5 consecutive days To evaluate the oxidative and neuroinflammatory changes caused by DDS in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice, as well as the possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of ALA on the changes caused by DDS. DDS increased macrophage/microglia and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus, increased expression of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-4, reduced BDNF levels, decreased antioxidant capacity (TEAC, GSH, SOD, CAT), and increased oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation). ALA was able to reverse these effects of DDS. Nutrients. 2025 Feb 25;17(5):791
NOD Abo DQ8+ transgenic mice Dermatitis herpetiformis model Gavage 1 mg/kg Once daily for 4-6 weeks Dapsone combined with a gluten-free diet accelerated the resolution of dermatitis herpetiformis symptoms, with resolution occurring within 1 week, compared to 2-3 weeks with a gluten-free diet alone. J Clin Invest. 2004 Oct;114(8):1090-7
BALB/c mice L. major-infected cutaneous leishmaniasis model Topical administration 500 mg/kg Twice daily for 30 days To evaluate the efficacy of topical DAP treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Results showed that treatment not only failed to cure the lesions but worsened their evolution and appearance. High plasma drug levels were detected, concomitant with anemia and iron accumulation in the spleen. Pharmaceutics. 2019 Nov 13;11(11):607

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT00141037 Kidney Diseases ... More >> Kidney Transplantation Kidney Transplant Renal Transplantation Renal Transplant Less << Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - United States, Alabama ... More >> University of Alabama - Pediatric Nephrology Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233 United States, California Maxine Dunitz Children's Health Center Cedars-Sinai Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048 UCLA - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1752 Stanford University Medical Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Palo Alto, California, United States, 94304 UCSF Children's Hospital San Francisco, California, United States, 94143 United States, Florida University of Florida - Pediatric Nephrology Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610-0296 United States, Louisiana Children's Hospital of New Orleans-Department of Pediatric Nephrology New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70118 United States, Massachusetts Children's Hospital Boston - Division of Nephrology Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115 United States, Michigan University of Michigan Medical Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital- Division of Nephrology & Transplantation Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109 United States, Missouri Children's Mercy Hospital - Department of Nephrology Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64108 United States, Pennsylvania The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia-Department of Nephrology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104 United States, Washington Children's Hospital & Regional Medical Center - Division of Nephrology Seattle, Washington, United States, 98105 Less <<
NCT00141037 - Completed - -
NCT02366884 Neoplasms Phase 2 Enrolling by invitation December 31, 2020 United States, Maryland ... More >> Atavistic Chemotherapy Clinical Trial Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20814 Mexico Dr. Frank Arguello Cancer Clinic San Jose del Cabo, Baja California Sur, Mexico Instituto de Ciencia y Medicina Genomica Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico Less <<
NCT02401061 Immune Thrombocytopenia Phase 1 Phase 2 Recruiting June 2019 United States, California ... More >> USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Recruiting Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 Contact: Howard Liebman, Dr    323-865-3950    liebman_h@med.usc.edu    United States, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital Recruiting Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 Contact: Jan Sjoquist    617-726-0153    jsjoquist@mgh.harvard.edu    Contact: David Kuter, MD    617-726-8033    dkuter@partners.org    Principal Investigator: David Kuter, MD          United States, Michigan Michigan Center of Medical Research Recruiting Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, 48334 Contact: Tallat Mahmood, Dr    248-747-4383    Tallat.mahmood@michmer.com    United States, New York Weil-Cornell Medical College Active, not recruiting New York, New York, United States, 10065 United States, Ohio Gabrail Cancer Center Completed Canton, Ohio, United States, 44718 Cleveland Clinic Foundation Completed Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195 United Kingdom Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Recruiting Aberdeen, AB, United Kingdom, AB25 27N Contact: Henry Watson, Prof.    +44 (0) 1224 693119    henrywatson@nhs.net    Principal Investigator: Henry Watson, MD          Leicester Royal Infirmary Not yet recruiting Leicester, Leichester, United Kingdom, LE1 5WW Contact: Mamta Garg, MD    +44 (0) 1162 586611    mamta.garg@uhl-tr.nhs.uk    Principal Investigator: Mamta Garg, MD          Queen Elizabeth Hospital Recruiting Birmingham, United Kingdom, B15 2TH Contact: Charles Percy, MD    +44 (0) 121 3714898    Charles.Percy@uhb.nhs.uk    Principal Investigator: Charles Percy, MD          Glasgow Royal Infirmary Recruiting Glasgow, United Kingdom, G4 0SF Contact: Catherine Bagot, MD    +44 (0) 1412114000    Catherine.Bagot@ggc.scot.nhs.uk    Principal Investigator: Catherine Bagot, MD          Norfolk and Norwich Hospital Recruiting Norwich, United Kingdom, NR4 7UY Contact: Lyall Hamish, MD    +44 (0) 1603287866    Hamish.Lyall@nnuh.nhs.uk    Principal Investigator: Lyall Hamish, MD Less <<
NCT00926367 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> cyberDERM Broomall, Pennsylvania, United States, 19008 Less <<
NCT01447940 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Phase 3 Unknown December 2015 France ... More >> University Hospital of Caen (Hospital Côte de nacre) Caen, Basse-Normandie, France, 14033 University Hospital of Besancon - Hospital Jean Minjoz Besancon, Franche Comté, France, 25030 Hospital Sud Francilien Corbeil Essonne, Ile de France, France, 91100 Hospital University of Montpellier Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France, 34295 University Hospital of Reims Reims, Marne, France, 51110 University Hospital of Nantes Nantes, Pays-de-la-Loire, France, 44093 University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology Grenoble, Rhône-Alpes, France, 38043 University Hospital of Lyon (HCL Lyon sud) Lyon, Rhônes-Alpes, France, 69310 Less <<
NCT00001023 Mycobacterium Avium-intracellu... More >>lare Infection HIV Infections Less << Not Applicable Completed - United States, Arizona ... More >> Univ of Arizona / Health Science Ctr Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85724 United States, California Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System Palo Alto, California, United States, 94304 Davies Med Ctr San Francisco, California, United States, 94114 United States, Colorado Denver Public Health Dept Denver, Colorado, United States, 802044507 United States, District of Columbia Georgetown Univ Med Ctr Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20007 United States, Louisiana Tulane Univ Med School New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 701122699 United States, Maryland Univ of Maryland at Baltimore / Veterans Adm Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201 United States, Missouri Washington Univ School of Medicine St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63108 United States, North Carolina Univ of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 275997215 United States, Rhode Island Univ of Rhode Island / Roger Williams Med Ctr Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02908 United States, Virginia Med College of Virginia / School of Pharmacy Richmond, Virginia, United States, 232980533 Less <<
NCT00926367 - Completed - -
NCT00584935 - Completed - -
NCT00162383 Healthy Volunteers Not Applicable Recruiting December 2020 Israel ... More >> Hadassah Medical Organization Recruiting Jerusalem, Israel Contact: Arik Tzukert, DMD    00 972 2 6776095    arik@hadassah.org.il    Contact: Hadas Lemberg, PhD    00 972 2 6777572    lhadas@hadassah.org.il    Principal Investigator: Yoseph Caraco, MD Less <<
NCT00584935 Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - United States, Alabama ... More >> University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294 Less <<
NCT00158574 Malaria Phase 2 Phase 3 Completed - Tanzania ... More >> Ministry of Health, Korogwe and Same District MCH clinics Tanga, Tanga and Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Less <<
NCT00111163 Malaria Anemi... More >>a Less << Not Applicable Completed - Kenya ... More >> Lwak, Abidha, Ongielo and Saradidi clinics Asembo (Rarieda Division), Nyanza Province, Kenya Less <<
NCT01885611 Hansen's Disease Phase 1 Phase 2 Withdrawn(There was a problem ... More >>with funding and with the acquisition of the lab assays) Less << June 2018 Philippines ... More >> Philippine General Hospital Manila, Philippines, 1000 Less <<
NCT00497471 Malaria Anemi... More >>a Less << Not Applicable Terminated(Follow-up end in 19... More >>99) Less << - Tanzania ... More >> Ifakara Centre Ifakara, Tanzania Less <<
NCT00000991 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 3 Completed - United States, California ... More >> USC CRS Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab. Oakland, California, United States, 94609 Ucsd, Avrc Crs San Diego, California, United States, 92103 United States, Florida Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS Miami, Florida, United States, 33136 United States, Illinois Chicago Children's CRS Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60614 United States, Indiana Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 United States, Maryland Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287 United States, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital ACTG CRS Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 Beth Israel Deaconess - East Campus A0102 CRS Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215 Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., ACTG CRS Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215 United States, Minnesota University of Minnesota, ACTU Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 United States, Missouri Washington U CRS St. Louis, Missouri, United States United States, New York SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr. Buffalo, New York, United States, 14215 Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS Rochester, New York, United States United States, North Carolina Unc Aids Crs Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States Duke Univ. Med. Ctr. Adult CRS Durham, North Carolina, United States United States, Ohio Case CRS Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210 United States, Pennsylvania Pitt CRS Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States United States, Washington University of Washington AIDS CRS Seattle, Washington, United States, 98105 Tanzania Mbeya Med. Research Program, Mbeya Referral Hosp. CRS Mbeya, Tanzania Less <<
NCT03295383 Severe Forms of Mucous Membran... More >>e Pemphigoid Less << Phase 3 Not yet recruiting November 2, 2023 France ... More >> CHU Amiens Not yet recruiting Amiens, France Contact: Catherine Lok          Principal Investigator: Catherine Lok          CHU Angers Angers, France CH Argenteuil Not yet recruiting Argenteuil, France Contact: Emmanuel Mahe          Principal Investigator: Emmanuel Mahe          CHU Bordeaux Not yet recruiting Bordeaux, France Contact: Marie Beylot Barry          Principal Investigator: Marie Beylot Barry          Brest University Hospital Brest, France CHU Caen Not yet recruiting Caen, France Contact: Laurence Verneuil          Principal Investigator: Laurence Verneuil          CHU Clermont Ferrand Clermont Ferrand, France CHU Dijon Not yet recruiting Dijon, France Contact: Pierre Vabres          Principal Investigator: Pierre Vabres          CH Le Mans Not yet recruiting Le Mans, France Contact: Hervé Maillard          Principal Investigator: Hervé Maillard          CHU Lille Not yet recruiting Lille, France Contact: Emmanuel Delaporte          Principal Investigator: Emmanuel Delaporte          CHU de Limoges Not yet recruiting Limoges, France Contact: Christophe Bedane          Principal Investigator: Christophe Bedane          HCL Not yet recruiting Lyon, France Contact: Sébastien Debarbieux          Principal Investigator: Sébastien Debarbieux          Principal Investigator: Denis Jullien          APHM La Timone Not yet recruiting Marseille, France Contact: Marie-Aleth Richard          Principal Investigator: Marie-Aleth Richard          CHU Montpellier Montpellier, France CHU Nantes Not yet recruiting Nantes, France Contact: Gaelle Querreux          Principal Investigator: Gaelle Querreux          CHU Nice Not yet recruiting Nice, France Contact: Jean-Philippe Lacour          Principal Investigator: Jean-Philippe Lacour          APHP Avicennes Not yet recruiting Paris, France Contact: Catherine Prost          Principal Investigator: Catherine Prost          APHP Bichat Not yet recruiting Paris, France Contact: Catherine Picard-Dahan          Principal Investigator: Catherine Picard-Dahan          APHP Cochin Not yet recruiting Paris, France Contact: Nicolas Dupin          Principal Investigator: Nicolas Dupin          APHP Henri Mondor Not yet recruiting Paris, France Contact: Oro Saskia          Principal Investigator: Oro Saskia          APHP Pitié Salpétrière Not yet recruiting Paris, France Contact: Stéphane Barete          Principal Investigator: Stéphane Barete          APHP Saint-Louis Not yet recruiting Paris, France Contact: Jean-David Bouaziz          Principal Investigator: Jean-David Bouaziz          CH Quimper Not yet recruiting Quimper, France Contact: Patrice Plantin          Principal Investigator: Patrice Plantin          CHU de Reims Not yet recruiting Reims, France Contact: Bernard Philippe          Principal Investigator: Bernard Philippe          CHU Rennes Not yet recruiting Rennes, France Contact: Alain Dupuy          Principal Investigator: Alain Dupuy          CHU saint-Etienne Not yet recruiting Saint-Étienne, France Contact: Bruno Labeille          Principal Investigator: Bruno Labeille          CHU Tours Not yet recruiting Tours, France Contact: Laurent Machet          Principal Investigator: Laurent Machet Less <<
NCT01392430 HIV Infection Not Applicable Completed - Thailand ... More >> Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Department of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50130 Less <<
NCT00669643 Leprosy Phase 4 Completed - Brazil ... More >> Centro de Referência Nacional Alfredo da Matta - FUAM Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 69.065-130 Centro de Referência Nacional Dona Libânia - CDERM Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, 60.101-035 Less <<
NCT00393679 Fever Malaria Phase 3 Completed - Burkina Faso ... More >> Centre Muraz/IRSS Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Gabon Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon Mozambique Manhiça Health Research Center Manhica, Mozambique Nigeria Hospital Calabar, Nigeria Rwanda Mashshesha and Rukara Kigali, Rwanda Uganda Jinja and Tororo Kampala, Uganda Mbarara, Mbarara, Uganda Zambia Tropical Diseases Research Centre, P O Box 71769, Ndola, Zambia Less <<
NCT00000596 Lung Diseases ... More >> Pulmonary Fibrosis Sarcoidosis Less << Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT02939573 Primary Cutaneous Vasculitis ... More >> Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa IgA Vasculitis Henoch-Sch?nlein Purpura Less << Phase 2 Recruiting December 2019 United States, Kansas ... More >> University of Kansas Medical Center Recruiting Kansas City, Kansas, United States Contact: Theresa Howard       thoward2@kumc.edu    United States, Massachusetts Boston University School of Medicine Recruiting Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118 Contact: Christopher Zammitti       zammitti@bu.edu    United States, Minnesota Mayo Clinic Recruiting Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905 Contact: Katrina Pierce       pierce.katrina@mayo.edu    United States, New York Northwell Health Recruiting Lake Success, New York, United States, 11042 Contact: Anita Haridat       aharidat@northwell.edu    Hospital for Special Surgery Recruiting New York, New York, United States, 10021 Contact: Beemnet Amdemicael       amdemicaelb@hss.edu    United States, Ohio Cleveland Clinic Recruiting Cleveland, Ohio, United States Contact: Elizabeth Kisela       kiselae@ccf.org    United States, Pennsylvania Penn State Hershey Medical Center Completed Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 17033 University of Pennsylvania Recruiting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104 Contact: Michelle Hampton       Michelle.Hampton@uphs.upenn.edu    United States, Utah University of Utah Recruiting Salt Lake City, Utah, United States Contact: Lisa Webber       lisa.webber@hsc.utah.edu    Canada, Ontario St. Joseph's Healthcare Recruiting Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Contact: Sandra Messier       smessier@stjoes.ca    University of Toronto Mount Sinai Hospital Recruiting Toronto, Ontario, Canada Contact: Judy Vendramini       judy.vendramini@sinaihealthsystem.ca    Canada, Quebec McGill University Health Centre Recruiting Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H4A 3J1 Contact: Michele Tobaly       michele.tobaly@muhc.mcgill.ca Less <<
NCT00146731 Malaria Phase 3 Completed - Tanzania ... More >> Muheza Designated District Hospital Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania, PB Less <<
NCT00164359 Malaria, Falciparum Phase 4 Completed - Malawi ... More >> Kawale Health Center Lilongwe, Lilongwe District, Malawi Machinga District Hospital Liwonde, Machinga District, Malawi Matiki Health Center Dwangwa, Nkhotakota District, Malawi Less <<
NCT00461578 Malaria Not Applicable Completed - Rwanda ... More >> Programme Nationale Integre de Lutte contre le Paludisme Kigali, Rwanda, BP 2514 Less <<
NCT00636935 Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Phase 4 Withdrawn(No patient completed... More >> protocol) Less << - United States, District of Col... More >>umbia George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, United States, 20037 Less <<
NCT00519467 Malaria Phase 2 Completed - Gambia ... More >> GSK Investigational Site Banjul, Gambia Malawi GSK Investigational Site Blantyre, Malawi, 30096,BLANTYRE 3 Less <<
NCT00164710 Malaria, Falciparum Phase 4 Completed - Malawi ... More >> Kawale Health Center Lilongwe, Lilongwe District, Malawi Machinga District Hospital Liwonde, Machinga District, Malawi Matiki Health Center Dwangwa, Nkhotakota District, Malawi Less <<
NCT00002120 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 1 Completed - United States, California ... More >> Los Angeles County / Health Research Assoc / Drew Med Ctr Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 Less <<
NCT00000640 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT02929719 Acne Vulgaris Phase 1 Completed - -
NCT00118794 Malaria Phase 3 Completed - Gambia ... More >> Medical Research Council Laboratories Banjul, Gambia, POBOX273 Less <<
NCT01313728 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> Skin Study Center Broomall, Pennsylvania, United States, 19008 Less <<
NCT03132194 Acne Vulgaris Phase 1 Completed - -
NCT00002283 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Not Applicable Completed - United States, New Jersey ... More >> Jacobus Pharmaceutical Co Princeton, New Jersey, United States, 08540 Less <<
NCT00343187 Rash Non-smal... More >>l-Cell Lung Cancer Less << Phase 2 Terminated(Lack of enrollment) - United States, Illinois ... More >> Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611-2941 United States, Pennsylvania Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 17033 Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19111 Less <<
NCT00000826 Bacterial Infections ... More >> Mycoses HIV Infections Less << Phase 1 Completed - United States, California ... More >> Ucsf Aids Crs San Francisco, California, United States United States, Washington University of Washington AIDS CRS Seattle, Washington, United States, 98122 Less <<
NCT00000802 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT01231334 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Florida ... More >> Miramar, Florida, United States Less <<
NCT00158561 Malaria Vivax... More >> Malaria Less << Phase 3 Completed - Pakistan ... More >> HealthNet International Peshawar, Pakistan Less <<
NCT00001028 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << Phase 3 Completed - United States, California ... More >> Community Consortium of San Francisco San Francisco, California, United States, 94110 United States, Colorado Denver CPCRA / Denver Public Hlth Denver, Colorado, United States, 802044507 United States, Delaware Wilmington Hosp / Med Ctr of Delaware Wilmington, Delaware, United States, 19899 United States, District of Columbia Veterans Administration Med Ctr / Regional AIDS Program Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20422 United States, Illinois AIDS Research Alliance - Chicago Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60657 United States, Indiana Wishard Hosp / Indiana Univ Hosp Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 United States, Louisiana Louisiana Comm AIDS Rsch Prog / Tulane Univ Med New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 United States, Michigan Comprehensive AIDS Alliance of Detroit Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201 Henry Ford Hosp Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202 United States, New Jersey North Jersey Community Research Initiative Newark, New Jersey, United States, 071032842 United States, New York Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr Bronx, New York, United States, 10456 Harlem AIDS Treatment Group / Harlem Hosp Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10037 United States, Oregon Portland Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Rsch & Education Grp Portland, Oregon, United States, 972109951 United States, Virginia Richmond AIDS Consortium Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298 Less <<
NCT01231334 - Completed - -
NCT00151541 Acne Vulgaris Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT00126971 Malaria Phase 1 Suspended - Mali ... More >> Faladje Missionary Dispensary Faladje, Mali Less <<
NCT01313728 - Completed - -
NCT00243542 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - -
NCT00993694 - Completed - United States, Tennessee ... More >> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center - Cool Springs Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37064 Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-6838 Less <<
NCT00000739 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << PHASE1 COMPLETED 1998-06-01 Long Beach Memorial Med. Ctr.,... More >> Miller Children's Hosp., Long Beach, California, 90801, United States|Usc La Nichd Crs, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States|UCLA-Los Angeles/Brazil AIDS Consortium (LABAC) CRS, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States|Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab., Oakland, California, 94609, United States|UCSD Maternal, Child, and Adolescent HIV CRS, San Diego, California, 92093, United States|Harbor - UCLA Med. Ctr. - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases, Torrance, California, 90502, United States|Univ. of Colorado Denver NICHD CRS, Aurora, Colorado, 80218, United States|Children's National Med. Ctr., ACTU, Washington, District of Columbia, 20010, United States|Howard Univ. Washington DC NICHD CRS, Washington, District of Columbia, 20060, United States|Univ. of Florida Jacksonville NICHD CRS, Jacksonville, Florida, 32209, United States|Univ. of Miami Ped. Perinatal HIV/AIDS CRS, Miami, Florida, 33161, United States|Emory Univ. School of Medicine, Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, 30306, United States|Cook County Hosp., Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States|Chicago Children's CRS, Chicago, Illinois, 60614, United States|Univ. of Chicago - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Disease, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States|Univ. of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Dept. of Peds, Chicago, Illinois, United States|Tulane/LSU Maternal/Child CRS, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States|HMS - Children's Hosp. Boston, Div. of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States|BMC, Div. of Ped Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, United States|Baystate Health, Baystate Med. Ctr., Springfield, Massachusetts, 01199, United States|WNE Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS CRS, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, United States|Children's Hospital of Michigan NICHD CRS, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, United States|UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, United States|St. Joseph's Hosp. & Med. Ctr. of New Jersey, Paterson, New Jersey, 07103, United States|SUNY Downstate Med. Ctr., Children's Hosp. at Downstate NICHD CRS, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States|North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Dept. of Peds., Great Neck, New York, 11021, United States|Schneider Children's Hosp., Div. of Infectious Diseases, New Hyde Park, New York, 11040, United States|NYU Med. Ctr., Dept. of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, United States|Columbia IMPAACT CRS, New York, New York, 10032, United States|Incarnation Children's Ctr., New York, New York, 10032, United States|Harlem Hosp. Ctr. NY NICHD CRS, New York, New York, 10037, United States|Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS, Rochester, New York, 14642, United States|Strong Memorial Hospital Rochester NY NICHD CRS, Rochester, New York, United States|SUNY Stony Brook NICHD CRS, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States|SUNY Upstate Med. Univ., Dept. of Peds., Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States|DUMC Ped. CRS, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States|Case CRS, Cleveland, Ohio, United States|The Children's Hosp. of Philadelphia IMPAACT CRS, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States|St. Christopher's Hosp. for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19134, United States|Med. Univ. of South Carolina, Div. of Ped. Infectious Diseases, Charleston, South Carolina, 2942, United States|St. Jude/UTHSC CRS, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, United States|Childrens Hosp. of the Kings Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, 23507, United States|UW School of Medicine - CHRMC, Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States|Univ. Hosp. Ramón Ruiz Arnau, Dept. of Peds, Bayamon, Puerto Rico|San Juan City Hosp. PR NICHD CRS, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico|Univ. of Puerto Rico Ped. HIV/AIDS Research Program CRS, San Juan, Puerto Rico Less <<
NCT01425320 Acne Vulgaris Phase 1 Withdrawn(Study was never init... More >>iated due to company decision. No study subjects were ever enrolled or dosed.) Less << June 2013 -
NCT00835198 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Ohio ... More >> Strongsville, Ohio, United States Less <<
NCT00834210 - Completed - -
NCT00835198 - Completed - -
NCT00002043 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << COMPLETED - UCLA CARE Ctr, Los Angeles, Ca... More >>lifornia, 90095, United States Less <<
NCT00834210 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, California ... More >> Fremont, California, United States Less <<
NCT02117752 Healthy Volunteers Phase 1 Completed - United States, New Jersey ... More >> Fair Lawn, New Jersey, United States Less <<
NCT02117739 Healthy Volunteers Phase 1 Completed - United States, New Jersey ... More >> Fair Lawn, New Jersey, United States Less <<
NCT00429533 Pemphigus Vulgaris PHASE2 TERMINATED 2025-02-04 Northwestern University Medica... More >>l Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60611-3010, United States|Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States|Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States|Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden, New Jersey, 08103, United States|The New York VA Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York, 10010, United States|Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States|University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States|University of Texas, Dallas, Texas, 75235, United States Less <<
NCT00344006 Malaria, Falciparum Phase 3 Completed - Burkina Faso ... More >> GSK Investigational Site Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Ghana GSK Investigational Site Kintampo, Ghana Kenya GSK Investigational Site Eldoret, Kenya GSK Investigational Site Kilifi, Kenya Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Barkin Ladi, Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Calabar, Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Enugu, Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Ibadan, Nigeria Tanzania GSK Investigational Site Ifakara, Tanzania Less <<
NCT02108483 Healthy Volunteers Phase 1 Completed - United States, New Jersey ... More >> Fair Lawn, New Jersey, United States Less <<
NCT00964366 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> cyberDERM Broomall, Pennsylvania, United States, 19008 Less <<
NCT00371735 Malaria, Falciparum Phase 3 Completed - Burkina Faso ... More >> GSK Investigational Site Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Ghana GSK Investigational Site Kumasi, Ghana Mali GSK Investigational Site Bamako, Mali Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Ile-Ife, Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Jos, Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Lagos, Nigeria GSK Investigational Site Maiduguri, Nigeria Less <<
NCT01785836 Acne Vulgaris Phase 1 Withdrawn(Study was never init... More >>iated due to company decision. No study subjects were ever enrolled or dosed.) Less << October 2013 -
NCT00249782 Rosacea Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT01885910 - Completed - -
NCT00361114 Malaria Phase 3 Terminated(SP arms were stoppe... More >>d due to high levels of treatment failure.CD not available.) Less << - Tanzania ... More >> Hale Dispensary Korogwe, Tanga Region, Tanzania Less <<
NCT01931150 Cetuximab-induced Papulopustul... More >>ar (Acneiform) Rash Who Have Metastatic Colorectal Cancer or Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Less << Phase 3 Completed - United States, New York ... More >> Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York, United States, 10021 Less <<
NCT01885910 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Kentucky ... More >> DermResearch, PLLC Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40217 Less <<
NCT01144650 Cerebral Stroke ... More >> Cerebrovascular Accident, Acute Cerebrovascular Stroke Stroke, Acute Stroke Less << Phase 2 Phase 3 Unknown November 2010 Mexico ... More >> El Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Suarez Recruiting Tlalpan, Mexico City., Mexico, 14269 Contact: Jorge L Alvarado, MSc    (52-55) 5606-3822 ext 1060    jorgelaa3@hotmail.com    Principal Investigator: José A Santos, MD          Sub-Investigator: Rubén Martínez, MD Less <<
NCT03681470 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Recruiting October 30, 2019 United States, New York ... More >> Mount Sinai West Recruiting New York, New York, United States, 10023 Less <<
NCT02493283 Methemoglobinemia ... More >> Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis Less << Phase 1 Completed - Germany ... More >> Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, 17487 Less <<
NCT00964366 - Completed - -
NCT02865005 Acne Vulgaris Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT02550080 Allergic Cutaneous Vasculitis ... More >> Urticaria Psoriasis Acne Bullous Skin Diseases Sterile Pustulosis Leprosy Pneumocystis Pneumonia Less << Phase 4 Recruiting May 2019 China, Shandong ... More >> Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Recruiting Jinan, Shandong, China, 250000 Contact: Furen Zhang    +86-531-87298808    zhangfuren@hotmail.com Less <<
NCT02032407 - Completed - -
NCT01974141 Acne Vulgaris Phase 3 Completed - United States, California ... More >> Encino, California, United States Canada, Ontario North Bay, Ontario, Canada Less <<
NCT01931150 - Completed - -
NCT01974323 - Completed - -
NCT01165840 Obesity|Leprosy|Tuberculosis PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-05-12 University of Texas Southweste... More >>rn, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States Less <<
NCT01974323 Acne Vulgaris Phase 3 Completed - United States, California ... More >> Beverly Hills, California, United States United States, Florida Aventura, Florida, United States Canada, Ontario Windsor, Ontario, Canada Less <<
NCT01165840 Obesity|Leprosy|Tuberculosis PHASE4 COMPLETED 2025-05-12 University of Texas Southweste... More >>rn, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States Less <<
NCT01870050 Lichen Simples Chronicus and P... More >>rurigo Less << Not Applicable Not yet recruiting November 2019 United States, Illinois ... More >> J H Stroger Hospital of Cook County Not yet recruiting Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612 Contact: Joerg Albrecht, MD    312-864-4480    jalbrecht@cookcountyhhs.org    Principal Investigator: Joerg Albrecht          Sub-Investigator: Warren Piette, MD Less <<
NCT02032407 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, District of Col... More >>umbia Washington, District of Columbia, United States Less <<
NCT01773122 Acne Vulgaris Phase 1 Completed - United States, Texas ... More >> College Station, Texas, United States Less <<
NCT01773122 - Completed - -
NCT01115244 - Terminated(poor enrollment and... More >> lack of funding) Less << - -
NCT01974141 - Completed - -
NCT01115244 Dermatitis Herpetiformis Phase 4 Terminated(poor enrollment and... More >> lack of funding) Less << - United States, Tennessee ... More >> Vanderbilt University - One Hundred Oaks Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37204 Less <<
NCT02944461 Acne Phase 4 Unknown November 2017 United States, California ... More >> Dermatology and Laser Surgery Recruiting Sacramento, California, United States, 95819 Contact: Emil Tanghetti, M.D.          United States, Kentucky DermResearch, PLLC Recruiting Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40014 Contact: Deborah Zuidema, M.S.N.    502-456-4161    dbzuidema@aol.com    Principal Investigator: Leon H. Kircik, M.D.          United States, Nevada James Q. DelRosso DO, LLC Recruiting Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89117 Contact: James Q. DelRosso, D.O. Less <<
NCT02959970 Acne Vulgaris Phase 4 Completed - United States, Alabama ... More >> Kirklin Clinic Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233 United States, California Center for Dermatology Clinical Research Fremont, California, United States, 94538 Quest Dermatology Research Northridge, California, United States, 91324 Southern California Dermatology Santa Ana, California, United States, 92701 Redwood Family Dermatology Santa Rosa, California, United States, 95401 United States, Florida Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research Aventura, Florida, United States, 33180 Baumann Cosmetic and Research Institute Miami Beach, Florida, United States, 33137 United States, Kentucky Dermresearch, PLLC Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40217 United States, Michigan Hamzavi Dermatology Fort Gratiot, Michigan, United States, 48059 United States, Missouri Saint Louis University Dermatology Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63104 United States, Nebraska Skin Specialists, PC Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68144 United States, New York Skin Specialty Dermatology New York, New York, United States, 10155 United States, North Carolina Health Sciences/Department of Dermatology Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27106 United States, Pennsylvania KGL Skin Study Center Broomall, Pennsylvania, United States, 19008 Department of Dermatology, UPCII Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 17033 United States, Texas Arlington Research Center, Inc. Arlington, Texas, United States, 76011 DermResearch, LLC Austin, Texas, United States, 78759 University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, Texas, United States, 77030 Austin Institute for Clinical Research, Inc. Pflugerville, Texas, United States, 78660 United States, Washington Premier Clinical Research Spokane, Washington, United States, 99202 Less <<
NCT02627417 Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia ... More >>(ITP) Dapsone Less << Phase 3 Recruiting May 2019 France ... More >> Henri Mondor Hospital Recruiting Creteil, France, 94010 Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

4.03mL

0.81mL

0.40mL

20.14mL

4.03mL

2.01mL

40.27mL

8.05mL

4.03mL

Dissolving Methods
Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn:

in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day;

The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
Protocol 1
Protocol 2

References

 

Historical Records

Categories