CAS No. :	22427-39-0
Formula :	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄
M.W :	801.01
SMILES Code :	C[C@]12[C@@](C[C@H]([C@@]3([H])[C@]2(CC[C@]3([H])[C@@](CCC=C(C)C)(C)O[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O)CO)C)O)([H])[C@@]5([C@@](C(C)([C@H](CC5)O)C)([H])[C@H](C1)O[C@@H]6O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]6O)O)O)CO)C
Synonyms :	Panaxoside Rg1; Panaxoside A; Sanchinoside Rg1
MDL No. :	MFCD00210293
InChI Key :	YURJSTAIMNSZAE-HHNZYBFYSA-N
Pubchem ID :	441923

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302
Precautionary Statements:	P280-P305+P351+P338

Primary RGCs	1, 10, 30 µM	1 week	Promoted neurite growth of primary RGCs	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Mar;48(2):163-170.
HeLa cells	10 µM	10 hours	Ginsenoside Rg1 reduced cancer cell proliferation through inducing mitotic arrest.	J Ginseng Res. 2022 May;46(3):481-488.
RGC-5s cells	1, 10, 30 µM	2 days	Promoted neurite growth and synaptic plasticity of RGC-5s cells	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Mar;48(2):163-170.
HepG2 cells	0.1, 1 or 10 µM	2 hours	To study the effect of Rg1 on the binding of Akt to FoxO1, results showed that Rg1 promoted Akt binding to FoxO1 and inhibited FoxO1 nuclear translocation.	Theranostics. 2017 Sep 20;7(16):4001-4012.
PC12 cells	0.01 –1 µM	24 hours	Rg1 significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cell injury, accompanied by prolonging nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, enhancing the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, and promoting the expression of ARE-target genes.	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2019 Jan;40(1):13-25.
Hepatic stellate cells	50 µM	24 hours	Inhibited HSC proliferation and collagen expression, reducing liver fibrosis via EMT pathway inhibition	J Ginseng Res. 2023 Jul;47(4):534-542.
HT22 cells	5, 10 µM	24 hours	To study the effect of Rg1 on calcium overload induced by OGD/R in HT22 cells, the results showed that Rg1 could inhibit calcium overload and resist the imbalance of calcium homeostasis.	J Ginseng Res. 2022 Jul;46(4):515-525.
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs)	20 µM	24 hours	Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis by downregulating the calpain-1/STAT3 signaling pathway.	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Jul;48(4):405-416.
MC38 cells	100 µM		Inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 binding	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Jan;45(1):193-208.
RPE1 cells	10 µM		Ginsenoside Rg1 did not inhibit H3T3ph in normal cells.	J Ginseng Res. 2022 May;46(3):481-488.
Rat bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)	1, 2, 4 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of Rg1 on AIM2 inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization. Results showed that Rg1 significantly inhibited AIM2 inflammasome activation and reduced M1 macrophage polarization.	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Nov;48(6):570-580.
Cardiac fibroblasts	10 µM	24 hours	Ginsenoside Rg1 reduced collagen I and III mRNA expression and inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation.	J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):683-694.
Cardiomyocytes	10 µM	24 hours	Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibited stretch-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reduced ANP and BNP mRNA expression.	J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):683-694.
Neuronal cells	40 µM	48 hours	To assess the effect of Rg1 pretreatment on EV secretion from neuronal cells, results showed that Rg1 pretreatment increased EV release.	Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Aug;11(31):e2402114.
DC2.4 cells	2.5–100 μM	24 hours	Promoted DC2.4 cell maturation and upregulated CD40 and CD86 expression	Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Oct;11(38):e2405886.

C57/BL mice	Type 2 diabetes model	Gavage	1, 5 or 10 mg/kg	8 weeks	Rg1 treatment improved memory impairment and neuronal injury, decreased ROS, IP3, and DAG levels to revert Ca2+ overload, downregulated the expressions of p-PLC, TRPC6, CN, and NFAT1 nuclear translocation, and alleviated Aβ deposition in T2DM mice. In addition, Rg1 treatment elevated the expression of PSD95 and SYN in T2DM mice, which in turn improved synaptic dysfunction.	J Ginseng Res. 2023 May;47(3):458-468
Sprague-Dawley rats	Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 and 20 mg/kg	Once daily for 7 days	To evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Rg1 against MI/R injury. Results showed that Rg1 dose-dependently reduced myocardial infarct size, inhibited myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and improved cardiac function.	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Nov;48(6):570-580.
5XFAD mice	Alzheimer's disease model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 mg/kg	Once daily for 30 consecutive days	Rg1 restores mitophagy and ameliorates memory deficits in the AD Mice model through the PINK1-Parkin pathway.	J Ginseng Res. 2023 May;47(3):448-457
C57BL/6 mice	3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease model	Oral	10, 20, 40 mg/kg	Once daily for 5 days	Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts neuroprotective effects in the striatum by suppressing MAPKs and NF-κB pathways	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Sep;42(9):1409-1421
C57BL/6 mice	MC38 tumor xenograft lung metastasis model	Intraperitoneal injection	100 mg/kg	Once daily for four weeks	Inhibit colon cancer lung metastasis and activate CD8 T cells	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Jan;45(1):193-208.
Sprague-Dawley rats	Abdominal aortic constriction model	Oral	12 mg/kg	Once daily for 30 days	Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated AAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improved cardiac function.	J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):683-694.
Sprague-Dawley rats	Achilles tendinitis model	Oral	15, 30, 60 mg/kg	Once daily for 30 days	Rg1 promotes the healing of injured tendon in AT rat model through the activation of IGF1R and MAPK signaling pathway	J Ginseng Res. 2022 Jul;46(4):526-535
Sprague-Dawley rats	Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model	Intraperitoneal injection	20 mg/kg	Single dose, lasting for 24 hours	Rg1 significantly alleviated ischemic injury and activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway. The protective effects of Rg1 were abolished by injecting AAV-HIF-miR-144-shRNA into the predicted ischemic penumbra.	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2019 Jan;40(1):13-25.
C57BL/6J mice	CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model	Oral	40 mg/kg	Twice a week for 8 weeks	Significantly reduced CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, decreased collagen deposition and a-SMA expression	J Ginseng Res. 2023 Jul;47(4):534-542.
ICR mice	Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model	Gavage	5, 10 mg/kg	Once daily for 5 days before ischemia and 14 days after reperfusion	To study the protective effect and mechanism of Rg1 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the results showed that Rg1 significantly improved cerebral blood flow, locomotion, and limb coordination, reduced ROS production, increased MAP2 and PSD95 expression, and decreased p-Tau, NOX2, p-PLC, CN, NFAT1, and NLRP1 expression.	J Ginseng Res. 2022 Jul;46(4):515-525.
Sprague-Dawley rats	Traumatic brain injury model	Intraperitoneal injection	5, 10, 15 mg/kg	30 minutes and 24 hours after injury	Evaluated the protective effect of Rg1 on traumatic brain injury, results showed that Rg1 significantly improved neurological deficits, brain edema and BBB permeability	Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Nov;11(11):3493-3507.
C57BL/6 mice	Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension model	Intragastric administration	5, 10, 20 mg/kg	Once daily for four weeks	Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing the calpain-1/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis.	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Jul;48(4):405-416.
C57BL/6J mice	High-fat diet-induced obese Mice model	Oral	50 mg/kg	Once daily for 8 weeks	To investigate the effect of Rg1 on blood glucose and hepatic glucose production in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, results showed that Rg1 reduced fasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and suppressed the expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis-related enzymes.	Theranostics. 2017 Sep 20;7(16):4001-4012.

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Code	Phrase
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Response
Code	Phrase
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Disposal
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P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
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CAS No.: 22427-39-0

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CAS No.: 22427-39-0

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Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed