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Chemical Structure| 55837-20-2 Chemical Structure| 55837-20-2

Structure of Halofuginone
CAS No.: 55837-20-2

Chemical Structure| 55837-20-2

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Halofuginone is an inhibitor of prolyl-tRNA synthetase with Ki of 18.3 nM.It could also down-regulate Smad3 and blocked TGF-β signaling at 10 ng/mL in mammal.

Synonyms: RU-19110

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Product Details of Halofuginone

CAS No. :55837-20-2
Formula : C16H17BrClN3O3
M.W : 414.68
SMILES Code : O=C1N(CC(C[C@H]2NCCC[C@@H]2O)=O)C=NC3=C1C=C(Cl)C(Br)=C3
Synonyms :
RU-19110
MDL No. :MFCD09834143

Safety of Halofuginone

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Related Pathways of Halofuginone

DNA

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Target
  • tRNA synthetase

    prolyl-tRNA synthetase, Ki:18.3nM

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
Calu-3 cells 3 µM marked resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 23;12(1):3907.
Caco-2 cells 3 µM 18 h marked reduction in endogenous TMPRSS2 protein expression Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 23;12(1):3907.
Beas-2B cells 10 µM 18 h reduce TMPRSS2-HiBiT abundance Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 23;12(1):3907.
murine T cells 3.6 ± 0.4 nM 24 h Selectively inhibited TH17 cell differentiation without affecting TH1, TH2, or iTreg cell differentiation Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1334-8.
WM852, 501mel and 888mel human melanoma cell lines 200nM 24 h Halofuginone significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced activity of the (CAGA)9 promoter in all the melanoma lines analyzed. Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6247-56.
Human 1205Lu melanoma cells 50-300nM 24, 48 and 72 h Halofuginone 200 and 300nM treatments for 48 and 72 h significantly induced cell death. Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6247-56.
Human 1205Lu melanoma cells 200nM 4 h Halofuginone pretreatment for 4 h followed by TGF-β treatment for 15 to 60 min significantly increased expression of Smad7 mRNA. Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6247-56.
Human 1205Lu melanoma cells 200nM 4 and 12 h Halofuginone pretreatment for 4 and 12 h followed by 30 mins of TGF-β treatment decreased the levels of phosphoSmad2 and phosphoSmad3 levels, while total Smad2/3 levels remained unchanged. Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6247-56.
Human 1205Lu melanoma cells 50-300nM 24 h Halofuginone dose-dependently inhibited TGF-β-induced promoter activity. Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6247-56.
HUVEC cells 50, 100 or 200 ng/mL 24 h To evaluate the effect of HF on gene expression in endothelial cells, results showed that HF increased VEGF gene expression and protein secretion, but had no significant effect on the gene expression of ANGPT-1, HIF-1α, TIMP2 and CXCL10, while ANGPT-2 expression was increased. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jun 23;34(1):65.
NB4 cells 50, 100 or 200 ng/mL 6 h To evaluate the effect of HF on gene expression in leukemic cells, results showed that HF down-regulated the expression of several pro-angiogenic factors, including HIF-1α, HGF, ANGPT-1 and ANGPT-2, while up-regulating the anti-angiogenic factors TIMP2 and CXCL10. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jun 23;34(1):65.
human pancreatic stellate cells 50 nM and 100 nM 48 h inhibition of α-SMA expression, reduction of fibrosis-related genes (e.g., type-I collagen and hyaluronan synthase-2), and inhibition of cell proliferation Cancer Res. 2019 Jan 15;79(2):372-386.
murine pancreatic stellate cells 50 nM and 100 nM 48 h inhibition of α-SMA expression, reduction of fibrosis-related genes (e.g., type-I collagen and hyaluronan synthase-2), and inhibition of cell proliferation Cancer Res. 2019 Jan 15;79(2):372-386.
293T cells 50 nM 24 h Halofuginone treatment significantly decreased the expression of NRF2-Δ100aa and NRF2-C but had no obvious effect on NRF2-N expression. Redox Biol. 2022 Feb;49:102224.
NCTC 1469 cells 0–200 nM 24 h Halofuginone treatment decreased the expression of NRF2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Redox Biol. 2022 Feb;49:102224.
HepG2 cells 0–200 nM 24 h Halofuginone treatment decreased the expression of NRF2, HO-1, and NQO-1, and this reduction was achieved via the proteasome pathway. Redox Biol. 2022 Feb;49:102224.
breast cancer MCF-7 cells 100 nM 4, 8, 24 h Induced both the AAR and the autophagy pathways time-dependently Cell Commun Signal. 2019 May 2;17(1):39.
ovarian cancer OAW-42 cells 100 nM 4, 8, 24 h Induced both the AAR and the autophagy pathways time-dependently Cell Commun Signal. 2019 May 2;17(1):39.
thyroid cancer WRO cells 100 nM 4, 8, 24 h Induced both the AAR and the autophagy pathways time-dependently Cell Commun Signal. 2019 May 2;17(1):39.
SW480 cells 20 nM 2 h Inhibits autophagy under nutrient-poor condition Cell Death Dis. 2017 May 11;8(5):e2789.
HCT116 cells 20 nM 2 h Inhibits autophagy under nutrient-poor condition Cell Death Dis. 2017 May 11;8(5):e2789.
SW480 cells 20 nM 12 h Induces autophagy under nutrient-rich condition Cell Death Dis. 2017 May 11;8(5):e2789.
HCT116 cells 20 nM 12 h Induces autophagy under nutrient-rich condition Cell Death Dis. 2017 May 11;8(5):e2789.

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
C57BL/6J mice and Lewis rats Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) models Intraperitoneal injection 1 mg/kg Injected every other day for 1 month Halofuginone attenuates OA progression by inhibition of Th17-induced osteoclastogenesis, TGF-β-dependent Smad2/3 phosphorylation and angiogenesis Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1714-21
Nude mice 1205Lu melanoma bone metastasis model Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 1 or 5µg/mouse Daily until the end of the experiment Preventive treatment with halofuginone significantly reduced osteolytic lesion area. Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6247-56.
NOD/SCID mice Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia transplanted model Intraperitoneal injection 150 μg/kg Daily for 21 days To evaluate the antileukemic effects of HF in vivo, results showed that HF treatment significantly reduced WBC counts, decreased accumulation of immature cells in the BM and spleen, and reduced the number of VEGF+ cells and VEGF gene expression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jun 23;34(1):65.
Mice KrasG12D/+;p53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) genetically engineered mouse model Intraperitoneal injection 0.75 mg/kg 3 times/week, total of 5 doses Reduced tumor volume growth, increased necrotic areas, improved drug distribution, and promoted anti-tumor immune cell infiltration Cancer Res. 2019 Jan 15;79(2):372-386.
C57BL/6 mice Regular chow-fed mice Intraperitoneal injection 3 mg/kg 3 days Halofuginone treatment decreased the protein expression of NRF2, HO-1, and NQO-1 in the liver. Redox Biol. 2022 Feb;49:102224.
BALB/c nude mice HCT116 xenograft model Intraperitoneal injection 0.1 mg/kg Once daily for 2 weeks Retards tumor growth under both standard chow diet and caloric restriction conditions Cell Death Dis. 2017 May 11;8(5):e2789.

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT01978366 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phase 2 Terminated(Dosing stopped) - United States, California ... More >> University of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California, United States, 95817 United States, Maryland Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205 United States, Missouri Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 United States, Ohio Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229 Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43205 Less <<
NCT01847573 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phase 1 Phase 2 Terminated(Dosing stopped) - United States, California ... More >> University of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California, United States, 95817 United States, Maryland Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205 United States, Missouri Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 United States, Ohio Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229 Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43205 Less <<
NCT02525302 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phase 2 Terminated(Dosing stopped) - United States, California ... More >> University of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California, United States, 95817 United States, Maryland Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205 United States, Missouri Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 United States, Ohio Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229 Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43205 Less <<
NCT00027677 Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor,... More >> Protocol Specific Less << Phase 1 Completed - Belgium ... More >> U.Z. Gasthuisberg Leuven, Belgium, B-3000 Netherlands University Hospital - Rotterdam Dijkzigt Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3000 CA Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center at Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3008 AE Less <<
NCT00064142 AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma ... More >> Recurrent Kaposi Sarcoma Less << Phase 2 Completed - United States, Maryland ... More >> AIDS - Associated Malignancies Clinical Trials Consortium Rockville, Maryland, United States, 20850 Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

2.41mL

0.48mL

0.24mL

12.06mL

2.41mL

1.21mL

24.11mL

4.82mL

2.41mL

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