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CAS No. :	865363-93-5
Formula :	C₁₂H₁₂FN₅O₃
M.W :	293.25
SMILES Code :	O[C@@H]1[C@](CO)(C#C)O[C@@H](N2C=NC3=C(N)N=C(F)N=C23)C1
Synonyms :	Mk-8591; EFdA; 4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-Deoxyadenosine
MDL No. :	MFCD28502143
InChI Key :	IKKXOSBHLYMWAE-QRPMWFLTSA-N
Pubchem ID :	6483431

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338

MT-4 cells	42 nM	5 days	Evaluate the inhibitory activity of EFdA against HIV-1 EFdAR, results showed EFdA remains active against multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants	Cell Chem Biol. 2018 Oct 18;25(10):1268-1278. e3
MT-4 cells	3 nM	5 days	Evaluate the inhibitory activity of EFdA against HIV-167-75, results showed EFdA remains active against drug-resistant HIV-1 variants	Cell Chem Biol. 2018 Oct 18;25(10):1268-1278. e3
MT-4 cells	0.3 nM	5 days	Evaluate the inhibitory activity of EFdA against HIV-1WT, results showed EFdA has potent antiviral activity	Cell Chem Biol. 2018 Oct 18;25(10):1268-1278. e3
A431	5 ng/ml to 50 μg/ml	24 hours	To evaluate the cytotoxicity of EFdA and drug-loaded films on A431 cells, results showed that the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of both EFdA and drug-loaded films was higher than 50 μg/ml.	Int J Pharm. 2014 Jan 30;461(1-2):203-13
HEC-1A	5 ng/ml to 50 μg/ml	24 hours	To evaluate the cytotoxicity of EFdA and drug-loaded films on HEC-1A cells, results showed that the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of both EFdA and drug-loaded films was higher than 50 μg/ml.	Int J Pharm. 2014 Jan 30;461(1-2):203-13
CaSki	5 ng/ml to 50 μg/ml	24 hours	To evaluate the cytotoxicity of EFdA and drug-loaded films on CaSki cells, results showed that the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of both EFdA and drug-loaded films was higher than 50 μg/ml.	Int J Pharm. 2014 Jan 30;461(1-2):203-13
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells	50 pM		Evaluate the inhibitory effect of EFdA on HIV-1 NL4-3	Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018 Jul;13(4):294-299
MT4 cells	73 pM		Evaluate the inhibitory effect of EFdA on HIV-1 IIIb	Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018 Jul;13(4):294-299
MT4-GFP cells	0.50–12.81 nM	48 and 72 hours	To evaluate the combinatorial antiviral activity of ISL and LEN, results showed additive inhibition of HIV-1 replication with no evidence of antagonism.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Jul 9;68(7):e0033424
monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells	2, 5, 15 µM	2 hours	To evaluate the uptake and phosphorylation efficiency of Islatravir in monkey PBMCs. Results showed that Islatravir uptake in monkey PBMCs was less efficient than in human PBMCs.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Feb 13;69(2):e0103024
human peripheral blood mononuclear cells	2, 5, 15 µM	2 hours	To evaluate the uptake and phosphorylation efficiency of Islatravir in PBMCs. Results showed that Islatravir uptake in human PBMCs was more efficient than in monkey PBMCs, with high phosphorylation to ISL-TP.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Feb 13;69(2):e0103024
PBMCs	0.23 nM to 5.70 nM	24 hours	To evaluate the antiviral activity of ISL in PBMCs, results showed A114S/M184V variants did not replicate in PBMCs.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 Jun 21;66(6):e0013322
MT4-GFP cells	0.79 nM to 68.68 nM	48 to 72 hours	To evaluate the antiviral activity of ISL against HIV-1 variants, results showed M184I and M184V were the only single-codon substitutions that reduced susceptibility >2-fold compared to WT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 Jun 21;66(6):e0013322
MT4-GFP cells	0.79 nM	4 days	Evaluate the antiviral activity and resistance barrier of the DOR/ISL combination	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 May 17;66(5):e0222321
Sf9 membrane vesicles (containing BSEP, MRP2, MRP3, or MRP4)	up to 100 µM	5 minutes	Evaluate inhibition of hepatic efflux transporters BSEP, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP4 by islatravir, no inhibition observed	Viruses. 2021 Aug 7;13(8):1566
recombinant cell lines (HEK293-OATP1B1, HEK293-OATP1B3, CHO-K1-OCT1)	up to 300 µM	30 minutes	Evaluate inhibition of hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OCT1 by islatravir, no inhibition observed	Viruses. 2021 Aug 7;13(8):1566
human hepatocytes	0.1–20 µM	48 hours	Evaluate induction of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, or CYP1A2 by islatravir, no induction observed	Viruses. 2021 Aug 7;13(8):1566
human liver microsomes	10 and 50 µM	30 minutes	Evaluate time-dependent inhibition of CYP isoforms by islatravir, no inhibition observed	Viruses. 2021 Aug 7;13(8):1566
human liver microsomes	0.05 to 100 µM (CYP3A4 tested to 200 µM)	10-30 minutes	Evaluate reversible inhibition of CYP isoforms (1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4) by islatravir, no inhibition observed	Viruses. 2021 Aug 7;13(8):1566
PGP1 overexpressing MDCKII cells	0.005–200 μM	48 hours	To assess PGP1 inhibition by EFdA. Results showed that EFdA is not a substrate of PGP1.	Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jun 5;732:86-95
MDCKII cells	25, 100, or 400 μM	2 hours	To evaluate the bidirectional transport characteristics of EFdA across MDCKII cell monolayers. Results indicated that EFdA primarily permeates via the paracellular route.	Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jun 5;732:86-95
Caco-2 cells	25, 100, or 400 μM	2 hours	To evaluate the bidirectional transport characteristics of EFdA across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Results showed that the cumulative transported amounts of EFdA were much higher in the basolateral-to-apical direction than in the apical-to-basolateral direction, suggesting the involvement of active transport mechanisms.	Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jun 5;732:86-95

Mouse, rat, rabbit, monkey		Intravenous	1 mg/kg	Single dose, sampling time 0-24 hours (mouse, rat, monkey) and 0-48 hours (rabbit)	Evaluate renal clearance of islatravir in nonclinical species, results showed renal excretion contributed 61%, 17%, 31%, and 51% of total plasma clearance in mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey models, respectively	Viruses. 2021 Aug 7;13(8):1566
NSG-BLT mice	HIV infection model	Oral gavage	10 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 4 weeks	EFdA treatment significantly suppressed HIV viremia, and viral rebound was observed after drug cessation	Viruses. 2019 Mar 13;11(3):256
Rhesus macaques	SIVmac 251 infection model	Oral	30 mg/kg	Once weekly for 7 days	Evaluate the inhibitory effect of EFdA on SIVmac 251	Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018 Jul;13(4):294-299
Rats	Male rats	Oral	5 mg/kg	Single dose	To evaluate the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of Islatravir in rats. Results showed that Islatravir was primarily excreted in urine, with metabolite M4 as the major metabolite.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Feb 13;69(2):e0103024

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CAS No.: 865363-93-5

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CAS No.: 865363-93-5

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed