CAS No. :	18449-41-7
Formula :	C₃₀H₄₈O₆
M.W :	504.70
SMILES Code :	C[C@@]1(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3([H])CC=C4[C@]5([H])[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)CC[C@@](C(O)=O)5CC[C@](C)4[C@@](C)3C[C@@H](O)[C@@]12[H]
Synonyms :	Brahmic Acid; NSC 88135
MDL No. :	MFCD11559128

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

Escherichia coli	250 µg/mL		Inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli	Molecules. 2023 Feb 16;28(4):1895
A431 cells	20 μM	24 hours	MA inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhanced the anticancer effect of DOX.	Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Oct 7;20(14):5396-5414
HepG2 cells	20 μM	24 hours	MA inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhanced the anticancer effect of DOX.	Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Oct 7;20(14):5396-5414
MCF-7 cells	20 μM	24 hours	MA inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhanced the anticancer effect of DOX.	Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Oct 7;20(14):5396-5414
NMVMs	5 μM	24 hours	MA pretreatment attenuated the DOX-induced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced mitochondrial fission, and maintained the number and morphology of the mitochondria.	Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Oct 7;20(14):5396-5414
H9c2 cells	5 μM	24 hours	MA pretreatment significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury and cell death, inhibited ROS accumulation and MDA production.	Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Oct 7;20(14):5396-5414
γδT17 cells	1, 3, 10 μM	72 hours	Inhibited the activation of γδT17 cells and reduced IL-17A expression	Cell Death Dis. 2020 Sep 14;11(9):752
RAW264.7 macrophages	10 µM	18 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of madecassic acid against LPS-induced oxidative stress. Results showed that madecassic acid significantly reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Apr 18;13(4):483
EA.hy926 endothelial cells	2.5 µM	2 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of madecassic acid against H2O2-induced endothelial cell damage. Results showed that madecassic acid significantly increased cell viability, reduced ROS production, and restored GSH levels.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Apr 18;13(4):483
HepG2 hepatocytes	5 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of madecassic acid against TBHP-induced hepatocyte damage. Results showed that madecassic acid significantly increased cell viability, reduced ROS production, and decreased ALT and AST levels.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Apr 18;13(4):483
Hs68 human skin fibroblasts	10 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of madecassic acid against UVB-induced oxidative stress. Results showed that madecassic acid significantly increased cell viability, reduced ROS and MDA production, and restored GSH levels.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Apr 18;13(4):483
Bacillus megaterium	62.5 µg/mL		Inhibit the growth of Bacillus megaterium	Molecules. 2023 Feb 16;28(4):1895
Bacillus subtilis	62.5 µg/mL		Inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis	Molecules. 2023 Feb 16;28(4):1895
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	125 µg/mL		Inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Molecules. 2023 Feb 16;28(4):1895
NIH 3T3 (non-malignant fibroblasts)	>30 µM	72 hours	Evaluation of cytotoxicity, results showed low cytotoxicity	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 14;23(8):4362
A2780 (ovarian carcinoma)	>30 µM	72 hours	Evaluation of cytotoxicity, results showed low cytotoxicity	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 14;23(8):4362
MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma)	>30 µM	72 hours	Evaluation of cytotoxicity, results showed low cytotoxicity	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 14;23(8):4362
HT29 (colorectal carcinoma)	>30 µM	72 hours	Evaluation of cytotoxicity, results showed low cytotoxicity	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 14;23(8):4362
A375 (melanoma)	>30 µM	72 hours	Evaluation of cytotoxicity, results showed low cytotoxicity	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 14;23(8):4362
IL-1β-induced rat primary chondrocytes	10 µM	48 hours	MA protected chondrocytes against ECM degradation by upregulating collagen-II and ACAN expression and downregulating MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression.	Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Nov 1;16:3793-3804
Rat primary chondrocytes	10 µM	48 hours	Assessed the effect of MA on chondrocyte viability, finding that 10 µM MA significantly increased chondrocyte viability.	Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Nov 1;16:3793-3804
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	62.5 µg/mL		Inhibit the growth of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	Molecules. 2023 Feb 16;28(4):1895
Staphylococcus aureus	31.25 µg/mL	28 hours	Inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus	Molecules. 2023 Feb 16;28(4):1895
human liver microsomes	0.12 µM		Evaluation of reversible inhibition of CYP2C9 by CAW-R61J, IC50 of 330 mg/ml	Drug Metab Dispos. 2020 Oct;48(10):1053-1063
EL-4 mouse lymphoma cells	1, 3, 10 μM	24 hours	Madecassic acid promoted the expression of PPARγ-responsive genes CD36 and LPL, indicating its role as a PPARγ agonist.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Mar 30;8(3):e2723
Mouse CD4+ T cells	3, 10 μM	4 days	Madecassic acid reduced the percentage of CD4+IL-17+ T cells and increased the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells under Th17-polarizing conditions, indicating it promoted the shift of Th17 toward Treg cells.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Mar 30;8(3):e2723

C57BL/6J male mice	DOX-induced acute heart failure mouse model	Gavage	25 mg/kg/day	Daily for 12 days	MA pretreatment significantly attenuated DOX-induced myocardial injury, improved cardiac function, and inhibited myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory response.	Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Oct 7;20(14):5396-5414
Female C57BL/6 mice	DSS-induced colitis model	Oral	25 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 10 days	Reduced the number of γδT17 cells and attenuated colon inflammation	Cell Death Dis. 2020 Sep 14;11(9):752
Sprague-Dawley rats		Oral	100 mg/kg	Single dose	Improved bioavailability	Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 May 8;18:2345-2358
Balb/cA mice	Diabetic mice model	Dietary intake	0.05% or 0.1%	Six weeks	Improved glycemic control, lowered lipid accumulation, attenuated oxidative and inflammatory stress	Nutrients. 2015 Dec 2;7(12):10065-75
Sprague-Dawley rats	OA model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)	Intra-articular injection	1 mg/kg	Daily for one week, then once every three days for three weeks	MA inhibited cartilage matrix degradation and delayed cartilage surface degeneration, slowing OA progression.	Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Nov 1;16:3793-3804
C57BL/6 mice	DSS-induced colitis model	Oral	12.5, 25 mg/kg	Consecutive 10 days	Madecassic acid alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice by restoring the Th17/Treg balance, decreasing the percentage of Th17 cells and increasing the percentage of Treg cells.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Mar 30;8(3):e2723
ICR mice	Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model	Oral	10, 20 mg/kg	Once daily for 21 days	To evaluate the effect of madecassic acid on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Results showed that madecassic acid had no significant effect on pulmonary fibrosis.	Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Apr;173(7):1219-35

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions		1mg	5mg	10mg
Preparing Stock Solutions	1 mM 5 mM 10 mM	1.98mL 0.40mL 0.20mL	9.91mL 1.98mL 0.99mL	19.81mL 3.96mL 1.98mL
Dissolving Methods	Animal experiment Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1 Protocol 2

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CAS No.: 18449-41-7

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CAS No.: 18449-41-7

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed