CAS No. :	118-71-8
Formula :	C₆H₆O₃
M.W :	126.11
SMILES Code :	O=C1C(O)=C(C)OC=C1
Synonyms :	Larixinic acid; Palatone; Veltol
MDL No. :	MFCD00006578
InChI Key :	XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :	8369

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H341
Precautionary Statements:	P501-P270-P202-P201-P264-P280-P302+P352-P308+P313-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P332+P313-P301+P312+P330-P405

Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)	20 mM	1-6 hours	Maltol inhibited the activation of NLRP3 and NC inflammasomes, but it did not alter the other inflammasomes.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Sep 28;11(10):1923.
Human chondrocytes	0, 20, 40, 60 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of maltol on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation. Results showed that maltol significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory factors (e.g., PGE2, NO, TNF-α, IL-6) and reduced extracellular matrix degradation (e.g., degradation of collagen II and aggrecan).	J Cell Mol Med. 2021 Jan;25(1):499-509.
U937 cells	10 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of maltol on c-MYC protein expression in U937 cells, results showed that maltol treatment led to downregulation of c-MYC protein expression.	Cancer Gene Ther. 2023 May;30(5):671-682.
Jurkat cells	10 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of maltol on c-MYC protein expression in Jurkat cells, results showed that maltol treatment led to downregulation of c-MYC protein expression.	Cancer Gene Ther. 2023 May;30(5):671-682.
K562 cells	10 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of maltol on c-MYC protein expression in K562 cells, results showed that maltol treatment led to downregulation of c-MYC protein expression.	Cancer Gene Ther. 2023 May;30(5):671-682.
HL60 cells	10 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of maltol on c-MYC protein expression in HL60 cells, results showed that maltol treatment led to downregulation of c-MYC protein expression.	Cancer Gene Ther. 2023 May;30(5):671-682.
NB4 cells	10 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of maltol on the gene expression profile of NB4 cells, results showed that maltol treatment led to the downregulation of 551 genes and upregulation of 288 genes, and induced upregulation of interferon alpha and gamma response and downregulation of c-MYC target genes.	Cancer Gene Ther. 2023 May;30(5):671-682.
Rat nucleus pulposus cells	5, 10, 20 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effect of maltol on IL-1β-induced ECM degradation in nucleus pulposus cells. Results showed that maltol inhibited ECM degradation and inflammatory response, increased the expression of anabolic proteins, decreased the expression of catabolic proteins, and reduced the secretion of inflammatory mediators.	Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Feb;31(1):369-384.
RSC96 cells	1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of maltol on the viability of RSC96 cells, results showed no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 µM	Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Aug 29;17(9):1139.
PC12 cells	700 µM	24 hours	To investigate the neurotoxic effects of aluminium maltolate (Al(mal)3) on PC12 cells and the protective mechanism of Andrographolide (Andro). Results showed that 700 μM Al(mal)3 significantly reduced cell viability to approximately 60%, while Andro (5, 10 μM) significantly increased cell viability to 91.9% and 91.2%, and regulated the expression of APP, BACE1, Tau, Nrf2, Keap1, p62, and LC3.	Pharm Biol. 2021 Dec;59(1):232-241.
HEK293 cells	25, 50, 100 µM	24 hours	To investigate the protective effect of maltol on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. Results showed that maltol pretreatment significantly improved the viability of HEK293 cells after cisplatin exposure.	Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 29;8(1):15922.
SH-SY5Y cells	0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mM	24 hours	To investigate the protective effect of maltol on OGD-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Results showed that maltol significantly inhibited OGD-induced cell death and chromatinolysis.	Mol Med Rep. 2023 Mar;27(3):75.
Human dermal fibroblasts	25-15000 µM	24-72 hours	Evaluate the effects of maltol on cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. Results showed that 25 μM and 50 μM maltol did not significantly affect cell proliferation, but 100 μM maltol significantly slowed proliferation after Day 1. Collagen synthesis in the 25 μM maltol group was similar to the control, while the 50 μM maltol group showed reduced collagen synthesis after Day 3.	Bioact Mater. 2024 Sep 10;42:433-448.
B16F10 cells	50 μg/mL and above	48 hours	Maltol inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and showed a stronger inhibitory effect when combined with cisplatin.	Front Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 5;14:1255586.
B16F10 cells	10 μg/mL	72 hours	Maltol significantly reduced α-MSH-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity, and decreased the expression levels of tyrosinase and TYRP1.	Front Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 5;14:1255586.

C57BL/6 mice	LPS and NG-induced inflammasome activation model	Intraperitoneal injection	100 mg/kg	Single injection or daily oral administration for 7 days	Maltol significantly attenuated the peritoneal IL-1β secretion induced by LPS and NG.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Sep 28;11(10):1923.
C57BL/6 mice	S. aureus-induced peritonitis model	Oral and intraperitoneal administration	100 mg/kg	Single dose	To evaluate the effect of maltol on IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in S. aureus-induced peritonitis model. Results showed that maltol significantly reduced peritoneal IL-1β and IL-6 secretion.	J Ginseng Res. 2024 Nov;48(6):609-615
ICR mice	CCl4-induced acute liver injury model	Oral gavage	100 mg/kg	Once daily for 15 days	Maltol significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory responses, reducing serum ALT and AST activities, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression.	Molecules. 2018 Aug 23;23(9):2120
C57BL/6 male mice	Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced osteoarthritis model	Oral gavage	100 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 8 weeks	To evaluate the protective effect of maltol on DMM-induced osteoarthritis progression. Results showed that maltol significantly alleviated joint space narrowing, cartilage erosion, and proteoglycan loss, and reduced OARSI scores.	J Cell Mol Med. 2021 Jan;25(1):499-509.
ICR mice	Alcohol-induced acute oxidative damage model	Gastric intubation	12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg	Once daily for 15 consecutive days	To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of maltol on alcohol-induced acute oxidative damage. Results showed that maltol pretreatment significantly prevented the elevated activities of AST, ALT, ALP and TG in serum and reduced the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β in liver tissue, while increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px. Histopathological examination revealed that maltol pretreatment significantly inhibited alcohol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and fatty degeneration.	Nutrients. 2015 Jan 20;7(1):682-96
Mice	Lumbar spine instability model	Gavage	15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg	Twice a week for 12 weeks	To investigate the protective effect of maltol on intervertebral disc degeneration in a mouse lumbar instability model. Results showed that maltol improved tissue disorder and degradation of the intervertebral disc, reduced the loss of proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan, and inhibited intervertebral disc inflammation.	Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Feb;31(1):369-384.
Sprague-Dawley rats	Streptozocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy model	Oral	25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg	Once daily for 12 weeks	To assess maltol's effects on peripheral nerve function in diabetic rats, results showed maltol significantly increased withdrawal threshold and latency in response to mechanical and thermal stimulation, improved motor nerve conduction velocity and Na+-K+-ATPase activity	Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Aug 29;17(9):1139.
ICR mice	Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model	Oral gavage	50 and 100 mg/kg	Once daily for ten days	To investigate the protective effect of maltol on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Results showed that maltol pretreatment significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced increases in serum creatinine, BUN, and NGAL levels, alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, and inhibited renal cell apoptosis.	Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 29;8(1):15922.
ICR mice	APAP-induced acute liver injury model	Oral	50 and 100 mg/kg	Once daily for 7 consecutive days	Maltol ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation response via NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signal pathways.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Sep 12;8(9):395

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions		1mg	5mg	10mg
Preparing Stock Solutions	1 mM 5 mM 10 mM	7.93mL 1.59mL 0.79mL	39.65mL 7.93mL 3.96mL	79.30mL 15.86mL 7.93mL
Dissolving Methods	Animal experiment Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1 Protocol 2 The prepared working fluid is recommended to be prepared now and used up as soon as possible in a short period of time. The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1

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CAS No.: 118-71-8

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CAS No.: 118-71-8

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed