Name: Metformin HCl | 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride; Metformin (hydrochloride)
Brand: Ambeed
SKU: A122997
Rating: 5.0 (54 reviews)

CAS No. :	1115-70-4
Formula :	C₄H₁₂ClN₅
M.W :	165.62
SMILES Code :	N=C(NC(N)=N)N(C)C.[H]Cl
Synonyms :	1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride; Metformin (hydrochloride); Metformin HCl
MDL No. :	MFCD00012582

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

Huh-7 cells	1 mM	8 h	To evaluate the effect of Metformin on AMPK activation, results showed that Metformin treatment increased ACC phosphorylation, indicating AMPK activation.	Sci Adv. 2016 Jul 27;2(7):e1600031.
MOLM14 cells	10 mM	24 h	To evaluate the effect of Metformin on lipid metabolism in AML cells, results showed that Metformin treatment led to lipid droplet accumulation	Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 13;11(1):4056.
U937 cells	10 mM	24 h	To evaluate the effect of Metformin on lipid metabolism in AML cells, results showed that Metformin treatment led to lipid droplet accumulation	Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 13;11(1):4056.
BT-474 cells	0.5 mmol/L	6 days	To investigate the inhibitory effect of Metformin on HER2+ breast cancer cell proliferation, results showed that Metformin significantly inhibited cell proliferation	Cancer Commun (Lond). 2021 May;41(5):414-431.
MDA-MB-361 cells	0.5 mmol/L	6 days	To investigate the inhibitory effect of Metformin on HER2+ breast cancer cell proliferation, results showed that Metformin significantly inhibited cell proliferation	Cancer Commun (Lond). 2021 May;41(5):414-431.
FAO rat hepatoma cells	200 μM	24 h	Metformin reduced basal and activated glucose production by 46% and 40%, respectively.	Diabetes. 2012 Aug;61(8):2146-54.
C4-2 cells	5 mM	48 h	To investigate whether metformin can enhance the anti-tumor effect of enzalutamide on prostate cancer cells. The results showed that metformin or enzalutamide alone inhibited cell growth, but the combination of both had a more significant effect.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Aug 24;8(8):e3007.
CWR22Rv1 cells	5 mM	48 h	To investigate whether metformin can enhance the anti-tumor effect of enzalutamide on prostate cancer cells. The results showed that metformin or enzalutamide alone inhibited cell growth, but the combination of both had a more significant effect.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Aug 24;8(8):e3007.
LNCaP cells	5 mM	48 h	To investigate whether metformin can enhance the anti-tumor effect of enzalutamide on prostate cancer cells. The results showed that metformin or enzalutamide alone inhibited cell growth, but the combination of both had a more significant effect.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Aug 24;8(8):e3007.

Nude mice	U2932 and SuDHL8 tumor models	Intravenous injection	50 mg/kg	Single dose, lasted for 30 min	Evaluate the inhibitory effect of AMD3465 on CXCR4 expression, results showed metformin treatment significantly reduced the urinary excretion of [18F]MCFB	Mol Pharm. 2019 May 6;16(5):2106-2117.
NSG mice	AML MOLM14 cell engraftment model	Oral	1.5 mg/kg	Once daily for 17 days	To evaluate the effect of IACS-010759 on AML cell proliferation and tumor growth, results showed that IACS-010759 significantly reduced tumor cell burden and increased overall survival in mice	Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 13;11(1):4056.
Mice	MMTV-ErbB2/Leprdb/db mouse model	Oral	0.5 g/kg	Once daily for 2 weeks	To investigate the inhibitory effect of Metformin on tumor growth in a diabetic HER2+ breast cancer mouse model, results showed that Metformin significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved insulin tolerance	Cancer Commun (Lond). 2021 May;41(5):414-431.
C57BL/6 mice	High-fat diet-induced obese mice	Oral	200 mg/kg	Three times a week for eight weeks	As a positive control, Metformin significantly reduced, weight gain, and white adipocyte size, and improved obesity-induced serum levels of glucose, free fatty acid, total TG, and total cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.	Nutrients. 2020 Apr 27;12(5):1242
Mice	High-fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic model	Oral	450 mg/kg	Once daily for 8 weeks	To assess the effects of metformin on cardiovascular function in diabetic mice after myocardial infarction, showing that metformin treatment reduced mortality post-MI.	Diabetes. 2010 Apr;59(4):1063-73
Db/db mice	Diabetic model	Oral gavage	300 mg/kg	Once daily for 2-4 weeks	Metformin reduced fasting blood glucose levels in db/db mice, and the effect was more pronounced when combined with MTZ.	Diabetes. 2012 Aug;61(8):2146-54.
Nude mice	H460 cell xenograft model	Oral	350 mg/kg	Once daily for 14 days	Metformin significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis and enhanced TRAIL expression in vivo.	Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 Apr 29;21:303-314
Nude mice	CWR22Rv1 xenograft model	Esophageal gavaging	300 mg/kg	Once daily for 3 weeks	To test whether metformin can reverse the resistance of CWR22Rv1 cells to enzalutamide. The results showed that metformin alone reduced tumor size and weight, and the combination of metformin and enzalutamide had a more significant effect.	Cell Death Dis. 2017 Aug 24;8(8):e3007.

NCT00187798	Other Conditions That May Be A... More >> Focus of Clinical Attention Less <<		COMPLETED	2025-07-07	University of California San F... More >>rancsico, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States Less <<
NCT00944346	Healthy	PHASE1	COMPLETED	-	Gateway Medical Research, Inc.... More >>, St, Charles, Missouri, United States Less <<
NCT00944177	Healthy	PHASE1	COMPLETED	-	Gateway Medical Research, Inc.... More >>, St, Charles, Missouri, United States Less <<
NCT04545736	ABCA4 Retinopathy\|Stargardt Di... More >>sease\|Retinal Dystrophy\|Retinal Degeneration Less <<	PHASE1\|PHASE2	RECRUITING	2028-09-30	National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States\|University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-0624, United States Less <<

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions		1mg	5mg	10mg
Preparing Stock Solutions	1 mM 5 mM 10 mM	6.04mL 1.21mL 0.60mL	30.19mL 6.04mL 3.02mL	60.38mL 12.08mL 6.04mL
Dissolving Methods	Animal experiment Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1 Protocol 2 The prepared working fluid is recommended to be prepared now and used up as soon as possible in a short period of time. The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1

Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed
H304	May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
H305	May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways
H310	Fatal in contact with skin
H311	Toxic in contact with skin
H312	Harmful in contact with skin
H313	May be harmful in contact with skin
H314	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
H315	Causes skin irritation
H316	Causes mild skin irritation
H317	May cause an allergic skin reaction
H318	Causes serious eye damage
H319	Causes serious eye irritation
H320	Causes eye irritation
H330	Fatal if inhaled
H331	Toxic if inhaled
H332	Harmful if inhaled
H333	May be harmful if inhaled
H334	May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
H335	May cause respiratory irritation
H336	May cause drowsiness or dizziness
H340	May cause genetic defects
H341	Suspected of causing genetic defects
H350	May cause cancer
H351	Suspected of causing cancer
H360	May damage fertility or the unborn child
H361	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
H361d	Suspected of damaging the unborn child
H362	May cause harm to breast-fed children
H370	Causes damage to organs
H371	May cause damage to organs
H372	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
H373	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Environmental hazards
Code	Phrase
H400	Very toxic to aquatic life
H401	Toxic to aquatic life
H402	Harmful to aquatic life
H410	Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H411	Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H412	Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H413	May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life
H420	Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere

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CAS No.: 1115-70-4

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CAS No.: 1115-70-4

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