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CAS No. :	248282-01-1
Formula :	C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₃
M.W :	350.41
SMILES Code :	O=C(C1=C(O)C2=C(N(C)C1=O)C=CC=C2CC)N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3
Synonyms :	ABR 25757; ABR-215757
MDL No. :	MFCD18633277
InChI Key :	DIKSYHCCYVYKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :	54684617

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs)	150 µM	2 hours	To verify the effect of Paquinimod on LPS-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission-fusion balance. Results showed that Paquinimod significantly inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and improved mitochondrial fission-fusion balance.	Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jul 20;14:1172356
Mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line (RAW264.7)	150 µM	2 hours	To verify the effect of Paquinimod on LPS-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission-fusion balance. Results showed that Paquinimod significantly inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and improved mitochondrial fission-fusion balance.	Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jul 20;14:1172356
AGS cells	0.5 µM	24 hours	Verify the inhibitory effect of Paquinimod on the proliferation and migration of AGS cells	Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 9;14(1):23574
Ly6Chigh bone marrow monocytes	10 or 30 µg/ml	24 hours	To investigate the effect of Paquinimod on the migratory capacity of Ly6Chigh monocytes. Results showed that Paquinimod significantly inhibited S100A9 and CT26 tumor supernatant-induced migration of Ly6Chigh monocytes.	Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 21;15:1479502
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)	12.5–930 µg/mL	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on TNF release from C. albicans-infected BMDMs, results showed that Paquinimod significantly reduced TNF release	Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 26;12:553911
HSG cells	300 µM	30 minutes	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on Ca2+ signaling, results showed that Paquinimod treatment increased Ca2+ influx	Clin Transl Med. 2023 Apr;13(4):e1228
Platelets	1 μg/ml	4 hours	To evaluate S100A8/A9-induced platelet pyroptosis and the inhibitory effect of Paquinimod	Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022;1(8):732-747

NOD mice	Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model	Oral (via drinking water)	0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg/day	Treatment started at 10 or 15 weeks of age and lasted for 5 to 23 weeks	To evaluate the preventive efficacy of Paquinimod on diabetes development in NOD mice. Results showed that Paquinimod treatment significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes and delayed disease onset in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, treatment significantly reduced insulitis, correlating with a selective reduction in the number of splenic macrophages and inflammatory monocytes.	PLoS One. 2018 May 9;13(5):e0196598
Mice	Aged mice	Oral	1 mg/kg/day	Three times a week for 4 weeks	Paquinimod reduced the infiltration of S100A8+ T cells and myeloid cells in BAT, restored sympathetic innervation and thermogenic function, and delayed the aging process of BAT.	Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208
BALB/c mice	CT26 colon carcinoma model	Intraperitoneal injection	1 mg/mL	Daily from day 0 to day 11	To investigate the effect of Paquinimod on tumor growth and anti-PD-L1 therapy efficacy. Results showed that Paquinimod treatment increased tumor growth and reduced the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Additionally, Paquinimod reduced the infiltration of Ly6Chigh monocytes in tumors.	Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 21;15:1479502
C57BL/6 mice	Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model	Intraperitoneal injection	1.0 mg/kg	Daily administration until the end of the experiment	Paquinimod treatment ameliorated fibrotic pathological changes and significantly reduced hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, paquinimod reduced the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF and suppressed endothelial–mesenchymal transition in vivo.	BMJ Open Respir Res. 2024 Feb 20;11(1):e001803
C57BL/6J wild-type mice	Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 mg/kg	Once 1 day before and once 1 day after surgery	To evaluate the protective effect of Paquinimod on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Results showed that Paquinimod significantly improved CLP-induced renal dysfunction, pathological changes, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.	Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jul 20;14:1172356
C57BL/6 mice	Pneumococcal meningitis mouse model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 mg/kg	Once per day for 48 hours	To evaluate the efficacy of Paquinimod as an adjunctive treatment in pneumococcal meningitis, showing reduced mortality and improved clinical scores	J Neuroinflammation. 2017 Nov 2;14(1):214
BALB/c mice	Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 mg/kg	Once daily for 4 weeks	To evaluate the effect of ABR-215757 on CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. Results showed that ABR-215757 alleviated CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors and TLR4/NF-κB signaling activation.	J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Sep 4;15(1):252
Mice	Sepsis model	Oral gavage	10 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 3 days	To evaluate the impact of Paquinimod on sepsis-induced immunosuppression, results showed that Paquinimod could partially reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression.	Mil Med Res. 2023 Jun 19;10(1):27
Mice (C57BL/6)	Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model	Oral (via drinking water)	10 mg/kg/day	Daily administration for 4 weeks	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on thrombopoiesis and atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Results showed Paquinimod significantly reduced reticulated platelets, Kupffer cell IL-6 expression, BM MkPs, and attenuated atherosclerosis progression.	J Clin Invest. 2017 Jun 1;127(6):2133-2147
Mice	CLP-induced sepsis model	Oral gavage	10 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 5 days	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on inflammatory response and survival rate in septic mice	Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022;1(8):732-747
Mice	DSS-induced acute colitis model	Oral (via drinking water)	10 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 14 days (7 days before DSS treatment and during 7 days of DSS treatment)	To evaluate the prophylactic effect of Paquinimod on DSS-induced colitis and neuroinflammation. Results showed that Paquinimod attenuated colitis severity and systemic and neuroinflammation, reducing inflammatory markers in the colon and brain.	J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Nov 10;18(1):263
Mice	DSS-induced colitis model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 10 days	Inhibits S100A9 activity, alleviates colitis symptoms	Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;19(6):101486
Mice	NASH model induced by high-fat diet plus adenovirus-CXCL1 overexpression	Intraperitoneal injection	10 or 20 mg/kg	Every second day for two weeks	To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Paquinimod on NASH phenotype, results showed that Paquinimod significantly reduced serum ALT and AST levels, decreased adipose tissue lipolysis and inflammation, and ameliorated the NASH phenotype.	Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;13(1):151-171
Mice	SARS-CoV-2 infection model	Intranasal administration	12.5 mg/day	Daily administration starting from day 2 post-infection	Paquinimod significantly reduced lung damage and viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice and improved their survival status.	Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Feb 10;29(2):222-235. e4
Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice	Sjögren’s dry eye disease (SjDED) model	Intraperitoneal injection	25 mg/kg	Every other day for 4 weeks	To evaluate the effect of paquinimod on dry eye disease, results showed that paquinimod ameliorated clinical and histopathological phenotypes of SjDED mice and reduced the proportion of Th17 cells in LGs, lymph nodes, and spleens.	Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jan 2;66(1):35
Mice	TAC surgery model	Ad libitum in drinking water	3.75 mg/kg	Continued for four weeks	Inhibited S100A8/9, alleviated ponatinib-induced cardiac dysfunction	Circ Res. 2023 Feb 3;132(3):267-289
Mice (C57BL/6)	Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) model	Intraperitoneal injection	30 mg/kg	Every 24 hours until the end of the experiment	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on inflammatory collateral tissue damage (ICTD) in the IAC model, results showed that Paquinimod significantly reduced ICTD and improved survival	Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 26;12:553911
Mice	Traumatic brain injury (TBI) model	Intraperitoneal injection	4, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day	Once daily for three consecutive days	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on neuroinflammation and neurological function after traumatic brain injury. Results showed that Paquinimod significantly alleviated neuroinflammation and neuronal death, improving neurological function.	Redox Biol. 2025 Apr;81:103532
Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats	Acute myocardial infarction model	Intraperitoneal injection	5 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 5 consecutive days	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on improving depression-like behavior and cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction, results showed that Paquinimod significantly improved cardiac function and reduced depression-like behavior.	Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 24;13:832590
Mice	IL14 α transgenic mice	Oral	5 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 9 weeks	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on the phenotype of IL14 α transgenic mice, results showed that Paquinimod treatment reduced immune cell infiltration and restored salivary gland function	Clin Transl Med. 2023 Apr;13(4):e1228
Mice	CLP-induced sepsis model	Intraperitoneal injection	5-20 mg/kg	Before and after CLP operation	Paquinimod significantly reduced CLP-induced liver dysfunction and injury, and improved mitochondrial function	Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 20;24(3):2112
Lewis rats	Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU)	Oral	Approximately 25 mg/kg/day	Daily, throughout the experiment	To evaluate the effect of Paquinimod on EAU recurrence. Results showed that Paquinimod significantly protected tEAU rats from recurrence, reduced the number of Th1 and Th17 cells, and increased the number of Tregs.	Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Mar 1;59(3):1332-1342

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CAS No.: 248282-01-1

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CAS No.: 248282-01-1

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed