CAS No. :	22888-70-6
Formula :	C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀
M.W :	482.44
SMILES Code :	O=C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C2=CC=C(O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C3)O4)C4=C2)OC5=CC(O)=CC(O)=C15
Synonyms :	Silibinin A; Silybin; Silymarine I
MDL No. :	MFCD00872186
InChI Key :	SEBFKMXJBCUCAI-HKTJVKLFSA-N
Pubchem ID :	31553

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

SKOV3 cells	100 µM	24 hours	SIL inhibits phosphorylation of ERK and Akt.	Cancer Sci. 2022 Sep;113(9):3032-3043.
HK2 cells	50 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of Silybin A on cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HK2 cells. Results showed that Silybin A improved mitochondrial function, reduced ROS production, and decreased apoptosis.	Front Pharmacol. 2017 Apr 5;8:178.
Primary monocytes	20 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of Silybin A on lipid metabolism in primary monocytes, results showed Silybin A had no significant effect on triglyceride levels.	Theranostics. 2025 Jan 6;15(5):2006-2034.
HepaRG cells	20 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of Silybin A on lipid metabolism in HepaRG cells, results showed Silybin A reduced lipid droplet content.	Theranostics. 2025 Jan 6;15(5):2006-2034.
HepG2 cells	20 µM	24 hours	To investigate the effects of Silybin A on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells, results showed Silybin A decreased triglyceride levels and increased phospholipid content.	Theranostics. 2025 Jan 6;15(5):2006-2034.
HepG2 cells	2, 10, 50 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of Silybin on P450s activity under TG-induced ER stress, results showed that Silybin reversed the inhibition of P450s activity by TG	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Jan;44(1):133-144.
LX-2 cells	20 μg/mL	24 hours	Evaluate anti-hepatic fibrosis efficacy by inhibiting collagen I secretion. Results showed that NS-SLB and NS-SLB-HC significantly inhibited collagen I secretion.	Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Sep 12;18:5197-5211.
HK2 cells	50 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of Silybin A on cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HK2 cells. Results showed that Silybin A improved mitochondrial function, reduced ROS production, and decreased apoptosis.	Front Pharmacol. 2017 Apr 5;8:178.
OVCAR3 cells	50 µM and 100 µM	24 hours and 48 hours	SIL inhibits cell proliferation and induces morphological changes by increasing ROS levels.	Cancer Sci. 2022 Sep;113(9):3032-3043.
RAW264.7 mouse macrophages	50 and 100 µM	3 hours	Inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, reduced TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA/protein expression	Int J Mol Med. 2017 May;39(5):1111-1118.
RAW 264.7 cells	1.0 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL	48 hours	Evaluate cytotoxicity. Results showed that SLB displayed low toxicity against RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL.	Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Sep 12;18:5197-5211.
LO2 cells	1.0 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL	48 hours	Evaluate cytotoxicity. Results showed that SLB displayed low toxicity against LO2 cells at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL.	Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Sep 12;18:5197-5211.
HepG2 cells	1.0 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL	48 hours	Evaluate cytotoxicity. Results showed that SLB displayed low toxicity against HepG2 cells at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL.	Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Sep 12;18:5197-5211.
HepG2 cells	68 µM (IC50)	72 hours	To study the effect of Silybin on HepG2 cell growth, results showed that Silybin inhibited cell growth by blocking the cell cycle in G1 phase and activating programmed cell death.	Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 3;20(9):2190.

BALB/c nude mice	Ovarian cancer xenograft model	Oral gavage	100 mg/kg	Once daily for 6 weeks	SIL controls cancer tissue growth by inhibiting IDH1 expression.	Cancer Sci. 2022 Sep;113(9):3032-3043.
SV129 mice	Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model	Intragastric administration	200 mg/kg	Once daily for 7 days before and 3 days after cisplatin injection	To evaluate the protective effect of Silybin A on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Results showed that Silybin A significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen levels, improved renal tubular injury, and enhanced mitochondrial function in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	Front Pharmacol. 2017 Apr 5;8:178.
C57BL/6 mice	Healthy mice	Intraperitoneal injection	200 mg/kg	Three times (at 0, 12, and 24 h), sacrificed after 37 h	To investigate the effects of Silybin A on liver lipid metabolism in mice, results showed Silybin A increased hepatic phospholipid content and decreased triglyceride levels.	Theranostics. 2025 Jan 6;15(5):2006-2034.
C57BL/6J mice	Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) model	Intraperitoneal injection	25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg	Once daily for 3 consecutive days	To evaluate the protective effect of Silybin A on IRI-AKI, results showed that Silybin A significantly improved renal dysfunction and pathological damage, and inhibited ferroptosis	Redox Biol. 2024 Nov;77:103360.
C57/BL6 mice	LPS-induced acute lung injury model	Intragastric	50 and 100 mg/kg	Once daily for 3 consecutive days	Attenuated LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, and pathological damage; reduced TNF-α/IL-1β levels in BALF and serum; suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation	Int J Mol Med. 2017 May;39(5):1111-1118.
C57BL/6 mice	High-fat-diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model	Intragastric administration	50, 100 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 4 weeks	To evaluate the effect of Silybin on P450s activity in HFD-induced NAFLD mice, results showed that Silybin dose-dependently reversed the inhibition of P450s activity by HFD	Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Jan;44(1):133-144.
Kunming mice	CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis model	Tail vein injection	8 mg/kg SLB	Twice a week for 10 to 12 weeks	Evaluate the therapeutic effects of NS-SLB and NS-SLB-HC against hepatic fibrosis. Results showed that both nanosuspensions significantly alleviated hepatic fibrosis, reduced ALT and AST levels, and downregulated TGF-β expression.	Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Sep 12;18:5197-5211.

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions		1mg	5mg	10mg
Preparing Stock Solutions	1 mM 5 mM 10 mM	2.07mL 0.41mL 0.21mL	10.36mL 2.07mL 1.04mL	20.73mL 4.15mL 2.07mL
Dissolving Methods	Animal experiment Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1 Protocol 2

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CAS No.: 22888-70-6

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CAS No.: 22888-70-6

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed