CAS No. :	490-91-5
Formula :	C₁₀H₁₂O₂
M.W :	164.20
SMILES Code :	O=C1C(C(C)C)=CC(C(C)=C1)=O
Synonyms :	NSC 2228
MDL No. :	MFCD00001602
InChI Key :	KEQHJBNSCLWCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :	10281

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

THLE-3	10–200 µM	12, 24, 48 hours	To evaluate the effect of TQ on THLE-3 cell proliferation, results showed minimal cytotoxicity on normal hepatocytes	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 24;23(23):14669.
HuCCT1	10–200 µM	12, 24, 48 hours	To evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of TQ on HuCCT1 cells, results showed TQ inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 24;23(23):14669.
HepG2	10–200 µM	12, 24, 48 hours	To evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of TQ on HepG2 cells, results showed TQ inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 24;23(23):14669.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	125 µg/ml	18 hours	To evaluate the inhibitory effect of thymoquinone on swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly reduced swarming motility by approximately 66%.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Apr 4;14:1382289.
Monocyte-derived macrophages	50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL	24 hours	To examine the effect of Thymoquinone on the immunological properties of macrophages, including cell-surface molecule expression, cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis ability. Results showed that 100 μg/mL TQ significantly increased HLA-DR expression and IFN-γ secretion, while 50 μg/mL TQ significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis.	Nutrients. 2022 Dec 8;14(24):5240.
Caki-1 renal cancer cells	10 µM	24 hours	TQ suppresses HIF-1α-binding sequence exhibiting VEGF promoter activity and HRE luciferase activity.	Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 3;20(5):1092.
HEK293 cells	10 µM	24 hours	Screening natural compounds that inhibit HIF-1α transcriptional activity, identifying TQ as a novel HIF-1α inhibitor.	Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 3;20(5):1092.
H9c2 cells	20 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of TQ on Ang II-induced p-ERK expression in H9c2 cells, results showed that TQ significantly inhibited p-ERK expression	Int J Mol Med. 2022 May;49(5):63.
H9c2 cells	300 nM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of Ang II on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in H9c2 cells, results showed that Ang II dose-dependently upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines	Int J Mol Med. 2022 May;49(5):63.
Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells	1 µg/mL	24 hours	To investigate the effects of TQ on G-MSCs' stemness and Toll-like receptor expression profiles. Results showed that TQ-activated G-MSCs displayed significantly higher expressions of TLR3 and NANOG with a significantly reduced expression of TLR1.	Cells. 2022 Apr 25;11(9):1452.
MDA-MB-468 cells	0–50 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of TQ on TNF-α-stimulated TNBC cells, results showed TQ significantly reduced cell viability	Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 8;24(12):9878.
MDA-MB-231 cells	0–50 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of TQ on TNF-α-stimulated TNBC cells, results showed TQ significantly reduced cell viability	Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 8;24(12):9878.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	125 µg/ml	24 hours	To evaluate the inhibitory effect of thymoquinone on protease activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly reduced protease activity by approximately 70%.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Apr 4;14:1382289.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	125 µg/ml	24 hours	To evaluate the inhibitory effect of thymoquinone on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly reduced biofilm formation by approximately 63%.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Apr 4;14:1382289.
U251R cells	35 µM (IC50)	24 hours	Evaluate the anti-cancer effect of TQ on U251R cells, showing an IC50 of 35 μM at 24 hours.	Environ Toxicol. 2023 Jan;38(1):90-100.
U251 cells	37.5 µM (IC50)	24 hours	Evaluate the anti-cancer effect of TQ on U251 cells, showing an IC50 of 37.5 μM at 24 hours.	Environ Toxicol. 2023 Jan;38(1):90-100.
M059J cells	11.3 µM (IC50)	24 hours	Evaluate the anti-cancer effect of TQ on M059J cells, showing an IC50 of 11.3 μM at 24 hours.	Environ Toxicol. 2023 Jan;38(1):90-100.
Hs683 cells	9.4 µM (IC50)	24 hours	Evaluate the anti-cancer effect of TQ on Hs683 cells, showing an IC50 of 9.4 μM at 24 hours.	Environ Toxicol. 2023 Jan;38(1):90-100.
Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs)	5 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the protective effect of TQ on PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Results showed that TQ treatment significantly reduced PE-induced increases in cell surface area, ANP and BNP mRNA expression, and ROS production.	J Cell Mol Med. 2022 Feb;26(3):855-867.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	125 µg/ml	48 hours	To evaluate the inhibitory effect of thymoquinone on pyocyanin secretion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly reduced pyocyanin secretion by approximately 73%.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Apr 4;14:1382289.
U87MG human glioblastoma cells	67.03 µM	72 hours	To determine PON1 enzyme activity, results showed significant increase in PON1 activity after TQ treatment (p < 0.0001)	J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2024 Dec;39(1):2339901.
Caki-1 and A498 renal cancer cells	0, 1, 2, 5, or 10 µM	8 hours	TQ reduces HIF-1α protein levels in a dose-dependent manner under hypoxia.	Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 3;20(5):1092.
BxPC-3 cells	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 µM	8 hours	TQ significantly inhibited proliferative activity of BxPC-3 cells.	World J Gastroenterol. 2024 Jun 7;30(21):2793-2816.
AsPC-1 cells	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 µM	8 hours	TQ significantly inhibited proliferative activity of AsPC-1 cells.	World J Gastroenterol. 2024 Jun 7;30(21):2793-2816.
HTERT-HPNE cells	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 µM	8 hours	TQ had no significant effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, or apoptosis of hTERT-HPNE cells.	World J Gastroenterol. 2024 Jun 7;30(21):2793-2816.
PANC-1 cells	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 µM	8 hours	TQ significantly inhibited proliferative activity, migration, and invasion ability and promoted apoptosis of PANC-1 cells.	World J Gastroenterol. 2024 Jun 7;30(21):2793-2816.

Wistar albino rats	Carfilzomib-induced renal impairment	Oral gavage	10 and 20 mg/kg	Once daily for 16 days	Thymoquinone significantly alleviated Carfilzomib-induced elevation of renal function markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and enhanced Nrf2 expression.	Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 25;24(13):10621
Female albino mice (Mus musculus)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 infection model	Intraperitoneal injection	100 µl	Single injection, observed for 5 days	To evaluate the protective effect of thymoquinone against the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly increased mouse survival from 20% to 100%.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Apr 4;14:1382289.
Wistar rats	Isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction model	Intraperitoneal	5 mg/kg	Every 4 hours for 2 days	To evaluate the protective effect of thymoquinone against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Results showed that TQ pretreatment significantly normalized hemodynamic parameters, strengthened the antioxidant defense system, and decreased the contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Nutrients. 2022 Jun 30;14(13):2742
Rats	DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model	Oral	5 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 7 days	To investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of TQ in DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, results showed that TQ pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF, and increased the expression of TIMP3.	Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 14;23(24):15904
BALB/c-nu male mice	U251R cell xenograft tumor model	Intraperitoneal injection	50 mg/kg	Once daily for 30 days	Evaluate the anti-cancer effect of TQ on U251R cell xenograft tumors, showing significant tumor volume reduction.	Environ Toxicol. 2023 Jan;38(1):90-100.
ApoE-/- mice	Ang II-induced cardiac damage model	Gavage	50 mg/kg/day	Once daily for 4 weeks	To evaluate the protective effect of TQ against Ang II-induced cardiac damage, results showed that TQ protected the heart by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis	Int J Mol Med. 2022 May;49(5):63.
C57BL/6J mice	Transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload model	Oral	50 mg/kg/day	Once daily for six consecutive weeks	To evaluate the protective effect of TQ on TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Results showed that TQ treatment significantly improved cardiac function, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress.	J Cell Mol Med. 2022 Feb;26(3):855-867.

NCT03208790	Premalignant Lesion	Phase 2	Not yet recruiting	December 2019	-
NCT03776448	Diabetes Mellitus	Not Applicable	Not yet recruiting	February 2019	Saudi Arabia ... More >> Sulaiman AlRajhi Colleges Not yet recruiting Al Bukairiyah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 51941, PO Box 777 Contact: Nazmus Saquib, Phd 966 533445899 a.saquib@sr.edu.sa Principal Investigator: Nazmus Saquib, Phd Sub-Investigator: Ahmed Abduljalil Less <<

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CAS No.: 490-91-5

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CAS No.: 490-91-5

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Product Details of Thymoquinone

Safety of Thymoquinone

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Protocol

References

Historical Records

Categories

Precautionary Statements-General

Prevention

Response

Storage

Disposal

Physical hazards

Health hazards

Environmental hazards

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Preparing Stock Solutions		1mg	5mg	10mg
Preparing Stock Solutions	1 mM 5 mM 10 mM	6.09mL 1.22mL 0.61mL	30.45mL 6.09mL 3.05mL	60.90mL 12.18mL 6.09mL
Dissolving Methods	Animal experiment Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1 Protocol 2

Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed