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Chemical Structure| 102040-03-9 Chemical Structure| 102040-03-9

Structure of Tubeimoside I
CAS No.: 102040-03-9

Chemical Structure| 102040-03-9

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Tubeimoside I is a naturally occuring triterpenoid saponin isolated from the medicinal herb B. paniculatum, with anti-inflammatory, apoptotic and antitumor activity.

Synonyms: Tubeimoside-1; Lobatoside-H; Tubeimoside A

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Product Citations

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Friemel, Taylor ;

Abstract: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina and provide the image forming conduit to the brain. Most optic neuropathies (eg, glaucoma, ocular trauma, etc.) damage RGCs and their axons, which can lead to apoptosis (cell death) and blindness. For many years, studies have centered on a variety of deleterious mechanisms that can damage RGCs in pathological conditions, including mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, glial remodeling, synaptic pruning, and excitotoxicity; however, identifying a potential trigger that could initiate these pathological processes has been largely overlooked. For example, in glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) initiates a cascade of events that ultimately leads to RGC death, however, the trigger is unknown. Recently, the ability of RGCs to sense pressure in the surrounding environment has shifted focus to mechanosensitive channels or channels that possess mechanosensing attributes. Mechanosensitive channels are ion channels that can sense mechanical stimuli (stretch, tension, force, compression, etc.) that lead to channel opening and subsequent influx of ions, in particular, Ca2+ into the cell. This dissertation highlights the impact of four important Ca2+ permeable channels with mechanosensitive properties (Piezo1, P2X7, TRPV1, and TRPV4) and their functional expression on zebrafish RGCs. To study the functional aspects of these channels, we used Ca2+ imaging in flat mount retinal preparations with a transgenic zebrafish expressing a heritable Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP6f, targeted to RGCs [Tg (elavl3: GCaMP6f)] in the zebrafish retina. Selective agonists and antagonists to Piezo1, P2X7, TRPV1, and TRPV4 were used for each channel to determine whether zebrafish RGCs possessed these mechanosensitive channels. In addition, we mapped the expression profile for each of these channels using immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies targeted to Piezo1, P2X7, TRPV1, and TRPV4 channels in both zebrafish and rodent retina. The Piezo family of mechanosensitive channels, Piezo1 (FAM38A) and Piezo2 (FAM38B), are unique mechanosensitive channels in that they are the only known mechanosensitive channels that respond solely to mechanical stimulation. In this dissertation, we explore the functional expression and physiological responses of Piezo1 channels in the zebrafish retina, using Yoda1, the Piezo1 selective agonist, which evoked Ca2+ increases in zebrafish RGCs. Piezo1 expression was robust in both adult zebrafish and rodent RGCs and their axons, with other retinal neurons showing immunoreactivity. Yoda1-evoked dose-dependent Ca2+ increases in zebrafish RGCs that were inhibited by several mechanosensitive channel antagonists. Here, we provide functional physiological evidence of Piezo1 channel activity in adult vertebrate RGCs, and a possible therapeutic target for treating optic neuropathies and RGC diseases in the retina. P2X7 receptors are unique ion channels that function as larger pores and possess indirect mechanosensitive properties that can be linked to pannexin-1 hemichannels. P2X7 channels have previously been characterized on mammalian RGCs but have not been identified in zebrafish RGCs. To assess whether P2X7 receptors are expressed and functional on zebrafish RGCs, Ca2+ imaging and immunohistochemistry were used to map the functional expression of these channels in zebrafish. Like mammals, we uncovered the expression of P2X7 receptors and measured functional responses in zebrafish RGCs. These findings in zebrafish are similar to previous reports in mammalian retina and serve as the first evidence of functional P2X7 receptor expression on zebrafish RGCs. TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels have been shown to be expressed on RGCs in a variety of different species, including mice and humans. However, only TRPV4 has been identified in the zebrafish retina. Stimulation of TRPV1 and TRPV4 has been shown to lead to an increase in intracellular calcium in RGCs, and this can contribute to RGC death. We used immunolabeling techniques and calcium imaging to identify the functional expression pattern of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels in the zebrafish retina. In this dissertation, we revealed the presence of functional TRPV1 and TRPV4 Ca2+ responses and expression in zebrafish RGCs. These findings indicate that both functional TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels are expressed by zebrafish, however, more studies are needed to parse out the mechanosensitive aspects of these channels. The identification of these ion channels in zebrafish RGCs has provided a step towards deciphering how mechanosensitive channel properties (Piezo1, P2X7, TRPV1, and TRPV4) can serve as an initial trigger leading to a cascade of lethal events and RGC death. More importantly, zebrafish serve as a powerful model system to explore the consequences of these mechanosensitive channels expressed on RGCs in health and disease.

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Product Details of Tubeimoside I

CAS No. :102040-03-9
Formula : C63H98O29
M.W : 1319.43
SMILES Code : O[C@@H](CO1)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC(C[C@](CC(OC2)=O)(O)C)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]3CO)O)[C@@H](O3)O[C@@H]([C@H]4O)[C@]2(C)[C@@](CC5)([H])[C@@](C4)(C)[C@]6([H])[C@]5(C)[C@@]7(C)C([C@@](CC(C)(CC8)C)([H])[C@@]8(C(O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](CO9)O)O[C@H](O%10)[C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]%10C)O)O[C@H]%11[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO%11)O)=O)CC7)=CC6
Synonyms :
Tubeimoside-1; Lobatoside-H; Tubeimoside A
MDL No. :MFCD28396382

Safety of Tubeimoside I

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302
Precautionary Statements:P280-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
Kasumi-1 cells 15, 20, 30 µM 24 hours To evaluate the effect of Tubeimoside I on the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. The results showed that Tubeimoside I inhibited the proliferation of AML cells and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Transl Oncol. 2025 May;55:102355
THP-1 cells 15, 20, 30 µM 24 hours To evaluate the effect of Tubeimoside I on the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. The results showed that Tubeimoside I inhibited the proliferation of AML cells and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Transl Oncol. 2025 May;55:102355
BV-2 cells 4 µM 24 hours Inhibited LPS-induced protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 31;19(8):2242
SiHa cells 15 µM 24 hours Tubeimoside I significantly decreased the viability of cervical cancer cells and induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Nov 2;9(11):1117
HeLa cells 15 µM 24 hours Tubeimoside I significantly decreased the viability of cervical cancer cells and induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Nov 2;9(11):1117
NCI-H1975 25.01 µM (IC50) 24 hours To evaluate the effect of Tubeimoside I on the viability of NCI-H1975 cells, the results showed that Tub inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 25.01 μM. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Aug 26;11(8):708
NCI-H1299 17.53 µM (IC50) 24 hours To evaluate the effect of Tubeimoside I on the viability of NCI-H1299 cells, the results showed that Tub inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 17.53 μM. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Aug 26;11(8):708
EC109 cells 45 µM 24 hours To investigate the mechanism of TBMS1 cytotoxicity on EC109 cells, results showed that TBMS1 induced apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Chin J Cancer Res. 2013 Jun;25(3):312-21
RKO cells 10 µM 24 hours TBM significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 14;38(1):353
SW620 cells 10 µM 24 hours TBM significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 14;38(1):353
HCT116 cells 10 µM 24 hours TBM significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 14;38(1):353
SW480 cells 10 µM 24 hours TBM significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 14;38(1):353
Human astrocyte (HA) cells 0-50 µg/ml 24, 48 or 72 hours To investigate the effect of TBMS1 on the viability of human astrocyte cells. The results showed that TBMS1 had a less pronounced effect on HA cells compared to U251 cells. Mol Med Rep. 2020 Aug;22(2):1527-1535
Human glioma U251 cells 0-50 µg/ml 24, 48 or 72 hours To investigate the effect of TBMS1 on the viability of human glioma U251 cells. The results showed that TBMS1 reduced the viability of U251 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mol Med Rep. 2020 Aug;22(2):1527-1535
THP-1 cells 10 µM 30 minutes Inhibited Yoda1-induced Piezo1 channel activity Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
Cryptococcus 64 µg/mL (MIC80) 24–48 hours To evaluate the antifungal activity of Tubeimoside I against Cryptococcus, showing inhibitory effects Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Jun 4;12(6):e0404723
Candida krusei 32 µg/mL (MIC80) 24–48 hours To evaluate the antifungal activity of Tubeimoside I against Candida krusei, showing inhibitory effects Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Jun 4;12(6):e0404723
Candida albicans 32–64 µg/mL (MIC80) 24–48 hours To evaluate the antifungal activity of Tubeimoside I against Candida albicans, showing inhibitory effects Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Jun 4;12(6):e0404723
RAW264.7 cells 10 µM 30 minutes Smaller inhibitory effect on Yoda1-induced Piezo1 channel activity Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
Murine liver endothelial cells (MLECs) 10 µM 30 minutes Inhibited Yoda1-induced Piezo1 channel activity Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
HEK 293T cells (overexpressing wild-type Piezo1) 10 µM 30 minutes Inhibited Yoda1-induced Piezo1 channel activity Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
CHO K1 cells (overexpressing TRPV4 channels) 10 µM 30 minutes No significant inhibitory effect on TRPV4 channels Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
HEK 293T cells (overexpressing TRPC5 and TRPM2 channels) 10 µM 30 minutes No significant inhibitory effect on TRPC5 and TRPM2 channels Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 10 µM 30 minutes Inhibited Yoda1-induced Piezo1 channel activity Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 25;11:768
BV-2 cells 1, 2, 4 µM 4 hours Inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses by suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT, NF-κB p65, p38 and ERK1/2 Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 31;19(8):2242
NCI-H1299 cells 10 µM 48 hours TBMS1 significantly enhanced apoptosis and notably blocked the migration and invasion of NCI-H1299 cells. Mol Med Rep. 2018 Mar;17(3):4327-4336
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 4 µg/mL (MIC50), 8 µg/mL (MIC80) 48 hours To evaluate the antifungal activity of Tubeimoside I against Schizosaccharomyces pombe, showing significant inhibitory effects Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Jun 4;12(6):e0404723
MV3 cells 12 µM 48 hours Inhibits cell proliferation and induces partly disrupted and cytoprotective autophagy Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 17;8:607757
A375 cells 8 µM 48 hours Inhibits cell proliferation and induces partly disrupted and cytoprotective autophagy Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 17;8:607757

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
Nude mice Subcutaneous xenograft model of NCI-H1299 cells Intraperitoneal injection 1 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg Daily administration for 13 days To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Tubeimoside I on the growth of NCI-H1299 xenografts, the results showed that 4 mg/kg Tub significantly reduced tumor weight and volume without affecting the body weight of the mice. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Aug 26;11(8):708
Wistar rats LPS-induced PD rat model Intraperitoneal injection 1, 2, 4 mg/kg/day Once daily for 24 days Improved behavioral dysfunction, protected dopaminergic neurons, and inhibited microglial activation Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 31;19(8):2242
BALB/c nude mice HeLa cell xenograft model Intraperitoneal injection 3 mg/kg Once daily for 16 days Tubeimoside I significantly inhibited tumor growth and proliferation. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Nov 2;9(11):1117
Nude mice Subcutaneous tumor model Intraperitoneal injection 3 mg/kg/day Once daily until the end of the experiment Inhibits tumorigenicity of melanoma cells Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 17;8:607757
Nude mice AML subcutaneous tumor model Intravenous injection 5 mg/kg 21 days To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Tubeimoside I on AML cell proliferation in vivo. The results showed that Tubeimoside I significantly inhibited the proliferation of AML cells, improved the survival rate of nude mice, and showed no evident organ toxicity. Transl Oncol. 2025 May;55:102355

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

0.76mL

0.15mL

0.08mL

3.79mL

0.76mL

0.38mL

7.58mL

1.52mL

0.76mL

References

[1]Wu Q, Sun G, et al. Tubeimoside-1 attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and mouse models. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2013 Aug;35(4):514-23.

[2]Wang Y, Deng L, et al. Natural plant extract tubeimoside I promotes apoptosis-mediated cell death in cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(6):831-8.

[3]Wang Y, Deng L, Zhong H, Wang Y, Jiang X, Chen J. Natural plant extract tubeimoside I promotes apoptosis-mediated cell death in cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(6):831-8

[4]Wu Q, Sun G, Yuan X, Soromou LW, Chen N, Xiong Y, Feng H. Tubeimoside-1 attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and mouse models. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2013 Aug;35(4):514-23

[5]Yang M, Xie J, Lei X, Song Z, Gong Y, Liu H, Zhou L. Tubeimoside I suppresses diabetes-induced bone loss in rats, osteoclast formation, and RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Mar;80:106202

[6]Liu HZ, Yu C, Yang Z, He JL, Chen WJ, Yin J, Li WM, Liu HT, Wang YX. Tubeimoside I sensitizes cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells (A2780/DDP) through down-regulation of ERK and up-regulation of p38 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep. 2011 Sep-Oct;4(5):985-92

[7]Du J, Dong Z, Tan L, Tan M, Zhang F, Zhang K, Pan G, Li C, Shi S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cui H. Tubeimoside I Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces a Partly Disrupted and Cytoprotective Autophagy Through Rapidly Hyperactivation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 Cascade via Promoting PTP1B in Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 17;8:607757

 

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