Structure of β-Elemene
CAS No.: 515-13-9
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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
β-Elemene is a natural sesquiterpene found in various plants and imparts floral aromas to some plants. This compound has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of a wide range of tumors.
Synonyms: Levo-β-elemene; (-)-β-Elemene
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CAS No. : | 515-13-9 |
Formula : | C15H24 |
M.W : | 204.35 |
SMILES Code : | C=C[C@@]1(C)[C@H](C(C)=C)C[C@H](C(C)=C)CC1 |
Synonyms : |
Levo-β-elemene; (-)-β-Elemene
|
MDL No. : | MFCD00468041 |
InChI Key : | OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 6918391 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338 |
In Vitro:
Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References |
NCI-H226 cells | 10 µg/ml | 24 hours | Β-Elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression | Front Oncol. 2021 May 7;11:571476 |
MSTO-211H cells | 10 µg/ml | 24 hours | Β-Elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression | Front Oncol. 2021 May 7;11:571476 |
U87MG cells | 10 μg/mL | 1 day | Cell viability was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. | Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Feb 1;11(2):370-388 |
SGC7901 human gastric cancer cells | 30 μg/mL | 18 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells, results showed that β-elemene pretreatment decreased clonogenic survival | World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep 14;21(34):9945-56 |
MKN45 human gastric cancer cells | 15 μg/mL | 18 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells, results showed that β-elemene pretreatment decreased clonogenic survival | World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep 14;21(34):9945-56 |
DBTRG-05MG cells | 10 μg/mL | 2 days | Induced senescence in glioma cells, with the percentage of SA-β-gal positive cells significantly increased to approximately 50%. | Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Feb 1;11(2):370-388 |
C6 cells | 10 μg/mL | 2 days | Induced senescence in glioma cells, including reduction of cell proliferation, hypertrophic morphology, increase of SA-β-Gal activity, upregulation of senescence-associated genes such as p16, p53 and NF-κB, and down-regulation of Lamin B1. | Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Feb 1;11(2):370-388 |
SPC-A-1 cells | 120 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-Elemene on the expression of lysosomal biogenesis-related genes, results showed β-Elemene significantly upregulated mRNA expression of GLA, MCOLN1, and SLC26A11. | J Adv Res. 2024 Aug;62:257-272 |
NCI-H460 cells | 120 μg/mL | 24 hours | To investigate the effect of β-Elemene on TFEB activation and lysosomal function, results showed β-Elemene significantly increased lysosomal acidification and TFEB nuclear translocation. | J Adv Res. 2024 Aug;62:257-272 |
A549 cells | 120 μg/mL | 24 hours | To observe the effect of β-Elemene on TFEB activation and GPX4 lysosomal degradation, results showed β-Elemene significantly reduced TFEB phosphorylation, promoted its nuclear translocation, and increased GPX4 lysosomal degradation. | J Adv Res. 2024 Aug;62:257-272 |
HCT116p53−/− cells | 40 μg/ml | 24 hours | Β-Elemene significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT116p53−/− cells and reversed their resistance to 5-Fu. | Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 May 8;8:378 |
Human hepatoma HepG2 cells | 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 mg/mL | 24 hours | To detect the effect of β-elemene on microtubule polymerization, results showed that β-elemene reduced microtubule polymerization in a dose-dependent manner. | Chin J Cancer Res. 2013 Dec;25(6):770-6 |
Human hepatoma HepG2 cells | 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 mg/mL | 24 hours | To detect the effect of β-elemene on α-tubulin mRNA expression, results showed that β-elemene down-regulated α-tubulin mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. | Chin J Cancer Res. 2013 Dec;25(6):770-6 |
Human hepatoma HepG2 cells | 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 mg/mL | 24 hours | To detect the effect of β-elemene on HepG2 cell cycle, results showed that β-elemene induced cell cycle arrest at S phase in a dose-dependent manner. | Chin J Cancer Res. 2013 Dec;25(6):770-6 |
BV-2 cells | 40 µM and 80 µM | 24 hours | Β-Elemene promoted the transformation of BV-2 cells from M1-like to M2-like phenotype, inhibited inflammatory factor release, thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis. | Chin Med. 2024 Jun 15;19(1):86 |
NCI-H1650 cells | 50 μg/ml | 24 hours | To investigate the effect of β-elemene on the Warburg effect in NCI-H1650 cells and its mechanism. Results showed that β-elemene suppressed the Warburg effect by regulating the miR-301a-3p/AMPKα axis, as evidenced by decreased glucose and lactic acid levels and downregulation of metabolism-related enzymes (GLUT1, HK1, and LDHA). | Biosci Rep. 2020 Jun 26;40(6):BSR20194389 |
CaSki cells | 0.18 mg/mL | 24 hours | Evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene on CaSki cells, showing nearly 50% inhibition at 0.18 mg/mL | Int J Pharm X. 2024 Aug 13;8:100276 |
Hela cells | 0.09 mg/mL | 24 hours | Evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene on Hela cells, showing nearly 50% inhibition at 0.09 mg/mL | Int J Pharm X. 2024 Aug 13;8:100276 |
RAW 264 cells | 10 μg/ml | 24 hours | To study the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene on LPS-induced inflammatory response, results showed that β-Elemene significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines. | Commun Biol. 2022 May 31;5(1):519 |
PP-CD11c+ DCs | 1, 2, 5, 10 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the effects of β-elemene on the expression of TGF-β1, RALDH2, integrin αvβ8, and IL-10 in PP DCs. Results showed that β-elemene significantly increased the expression of these molecules, indicating its role in promoting Tregs generation by modulating DCs function. | iScience. 2020 Nov 30;24(1):101883 |
MLN-CD11c+ DCs | 1, 2, 5, 10 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the effects of β-elemene on the expression of TGF-β1, RALDH2, integrin αvβ8, and IL-10 in MLN DCs. Results showed that β-elemene significantly increased the expression of these molecules, indicating its role in promoting Tregs generation by modulating DCs function. | iScience. 2020 Nov 30;24(1):101883 |
MAT SVCs | 1, 2, 5, 10 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the direct anti-inflammatory effects of β-elemene on SVCs from EAT and MAT of obese mice. Results showed that β-elemene had limited effects on LPS-induced inflammation in vitro, with significant effects only at high concentration (10 μg/mL) on CCL2 expression in MAT SVCs. | iScience. 2020 Nov 30;24(1):101883 |
EAT SVCs | 1, 2, 5, 10 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the direct anti-inflammatory effects of β-elemene on SVCs from EAT and MAT of obese mice. Results showed that β-elemene had limited effects on LPS-induced inflammation in vitro, with significant effects only at high concentration (10 μg/mL) on IL-1β, TGF-β1, and IL-10 expression in EAT SVCs. | iScience. 2020 Nov 30;24(1):101883 |
NRK49F cells | 5-20 µM | 24 hours | Β-elemene inhibited TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation and expression of fiber markers in a dose-dependent manner | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 16;23(10):5553 |
NCI-H1650 cells | 3 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on the survival and apoptosis of NCI-H1650 cells. Results showed that β-elemene significantly reduced cell viability and promoted apoptosis. | Am J Cancer Res. 2022 Apr 15;12(4):1535-1555 |
A549 cells | 3 μg/mL | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on the survival and apoptosis of A549 cells. Results showed that β-elemene significantly reduced cell viability and promoted apoptosis. | Am J Cancer Res. 2022 Apr 15;12(4):1535-1555 |
NCI-H1975 cells | 10 µg/ml | 24 hours | Β-Elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression | Front Oncol. 2021 May 7;11:571476 |
PC-9 cells | 10 µg/ml | 24 hours | Β-Elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression and inhibited cell proliferation, wound healing, and invasion | Front Oncol. 2021 May 7;11:571476 |
A549 cells | 10 µg/ml | 24 hours | Β-Elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression and inhibited cell proliferation, wound healing, and invasion | Front Oncol. 2021 May 7;11:571476 |
Human hepatoma HepG2 cells | 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 mg/mL | 24, 48, 72 hours | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-elemene on HepG2 cell proliferation, results showed that β-elemene inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. | Chin J Cancer Res. 2013 Dec;25(6):770-6 |
MCAS cells | 20-200 µg/ml | 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours | To evaluate the antiproliferative effect of β-elemene on MCAS cells, showing IC50 values between 60 and 78 µg/ml. | Int J Oncol. 2013 Sep;43(3):721-8 |
A2780/CP70 cells | 20-200 µg/ml | 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours | To evaluate the antiproliferative effect of β-elemene on A2780/CP70 cells, showing IC50 values at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 80, 70, 68, and 65 µg/ml, respectively. | Int J Oncol. 2013 Sep;43(3):721-8 |
A2780 cells | 20-200 µg/ml | 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours | To evaluate the antiproliferative effect of β-elemene on A2780 cells, showing IC50 values at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 65, 65, 65, and 60 µg/ml, respectively. | Int J Oncol. 2013 Sep;43(3):721-8 |
H1299 cells | 2 mg/mL | 24, 48, and 72 hours | To evaluate the effects of β-Elemene on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in NSCLC cells. Results showed that β-Elemene significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and induced autophagy and apoptosis. | J Pharm Anal. 2024 Sep;14(9):100961 |
A549 cells | 2 mg/mL | 24, 48, and 72 hours | To evaluate the effects of β-Elemene on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in NSCLC cells. Results showed that β-Elemene significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and induced autophagy and apoptosis. | J Pharm Anal. 2024 Sep;14(9):100961 |
PC9 cells | 5-60 μg/ml | 24-72 hours | Β-Elemene inhibited PC9 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with a maximal dose of 40 μg/ml observed at 48 hrs. | J Cell Mol Med. 2015 Mar;19(3):630-41 |
A549 cells | 5-60 μg/ml | 24-72 hours | Β-Elemene inhibited A549 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with a maximal dose of 40 μg/ml observed at 48 hrs. Additionally, β-Elemene significantly increased the proportion of cells at G0/G1 phase while reducing the proportion at S phase, indicating cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. | J Cell Mol Med. 2015 Mar;19(3):630-41 |
Primary human airway granulation fibroblasts (PHAGF) | 160 µg/mL | 48 hours | Inhibits PHAGF proliferation and induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by down-regulating the ILK/Akt pathway | Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2021 Jun 12;26(1):28 |
THLE2 cells | 100 µg/mL | 48 hours | Β-Elemene showed no significant inhibition on the proliferation of normal hepatocytes THLE2. | Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019 Feb;26(2):187-199 |
MHH-ES-1 cells | 47.86 µg/mL (IC50) | 48 hours | Β-Elemene significantly inhibited the proliferation of MHH-ES-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. | Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019 Feb;26(2):187-199 |
A673 cells | 38.02 µg/mL (IC50) | 48 hours | Β-Elemene significantly inhibited the proliferation of A673 cells in a dose-dependent manner. | Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019 Feb;26(2):187-199 |
SU-DHL-10 cells | 60 μg/ml | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on apoptosis of DLBCL cells, the results showed that β-elemene significantly up-regulated Bax expression and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. | Biosci Rep. 2020 Feb 28;40(2):BSR20190804 |
SU-DHL-8 cells | 60 μg/ml | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on apoptosis of DLBCL cells, the results showed that β-elemene significantly up-regulated Bax expression and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. | Biosci Rep. 2020 Feb 28;40(2):BSR20190804 |
MHCCLM3 | 60 μg/mL | 48 hours | Β-Elemene combined with oxaliplatin significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of oxaliplatin by upregulating CTR1 expression, increasing intracellular platinum accumulation. | Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 12;6:21010 |
Huh7 | 60 μg/mL | 48 hours | Β-Elemene combined with oxaliplatin significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of oxaliplatin by upregulating CTR1 expression, increasing intracellular platinum accumulation. | Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 12;6:21010 |
Hep3B | 60 μg/mL | 48 hours | Β-Elemene combined with oxaliplatin significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of oxaliplatin by upregulating CTR1 expression, increasing intracellular platinum accumulation. | Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 12;6:21010 |
MHCC97H | 60 μg/mL | 48 hours | Β-Elemene enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of oxaliplatin by upregulating the expression of copper transporter 1 (CTR1), increasing intracellular platinum accumulation and platinum-DNA adduct formation, thereby enhancing oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis. | Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 12;6:21010 |
Tca-8113-CDDP cells | 40 μg/ml | 48 hours | To explore the sensitizing effect of β-Ele on cisplatin-resistant OSCC cells. The results showed that β-Ele significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity to cisplatin in Tca-8113-CDDP cells. | Cancer Cell Int. 2022 Jul 31;22(1):244 |
Tca-8113 cells | 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μg/ml | 48 hours | To evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of β-Ele on OSCC cells. The results showed that β-Ele suppressed the growth and proliferation of Tca-8113 and Tca-8113-CDDP cells in dose-dependent manners. | Cancer Cell Int. 2022 Jul 31;22(1):244 |
Primary human airway granulation fibroblasts | 40, 80, 120, 160 μg/ml | 48 hours | Β-Elemene had a dose–responsive inhibitive effect on the proliferation of human airway granulation fibroblasts and didn’t affect normal human airway fibroblasts. | Biosci Rep. 2018 Apr 13;38(2):BSR20171386 |
AGS/IR cells | 100 mg/L | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-Elemene on radiosensitivity, results showed that β-Elemene significantly inhibited cell growth and enhanced ferroptosis. | Front Pharmacol. 2024 Oct 17;15:1469180 |
MKN-45/IR cells | 100 mg/L | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of β-Elemene on radiosensitivity, results showed that β-Elemene significantly inhibited cell growth and enhanced ferroptosis. | Front Pharmacol. 2024 Oct 17;15:1469180 |
MCF-7 cells | 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM | 48 hours | Β-Elemene at concentrations below 40 μmol/L did not inhibit the viability of MCF-7 cells but significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. | J Cell Mol Med. 2019 Oct;23(10):6846-6858 |
MDA-MB-231 cells | 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM | 48 hours | Β-Elemene at concentrations below 40 μmol/L did not inhibit the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells but significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. | J Cell Mol Med. 2019 Oct;23(10):6846-6858 |
Pancreatic cancer peritoneum effusion cells | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µM | 72 hours | Β-Elemene suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer peritoneum effusion cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 15.80±0.63 and 14.86±0.69 µM. | Oncol Rep. 2019 Dec;42(6):2561-2571 |
BxPC3 cells | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µM | 72 hours | Β-Elemene suppressed the proliferation of BxPC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 17.36±1.25 µM. | Oncol Rep. 2019 Dec;42(6):2561-2571 |
PANC-1 cells | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µM | 72 hours | Β-Elemene suppressed the proliferation of PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 6.94±0.86 µM. | Oncol Rep. 2019 Dec;42(6):2561-2571 |
In Vivo:
Administration | Dosage | Frequency | Description | References |
Nude mice | Subcutaneous tumor model | Gavage | 0.2 mL per administration | 36 days | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene combined with radiotherapy on tumor growth, results showed that the combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth. | Front Pharmacol. 2024 Oct 17;15:1469180 |
C57BL/6J neonatal mice | Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model | Intravitreal injection | 0.25 mg/ml (1 µl) | Single injection, lasting 5 days (P12-P17) | Β-Elemene reduced retinal neovascularization by upregulating miR-27a expression, leading to decreased VEGF expression. | Mol Med Rep. 2019 Mar;19(3):2307-2316 |
BALB/c nude mice | HCT116p53−/− xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 100 mg/kg/d | Once daily for 24 days | Β-Elemene significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116p53?/? xenograft tumors and enhanced the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fu. | Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 May 8;8:378 |
BALB/C nude mice | Glioma xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 100 mg/kg/d | Once daily for 23 days | Β-Elemene treatment induced senescence in glioma cells through inactivation of YAP-CDK6 signaling pathway, which inhibited glioma growth. | Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Feb 1;11(2):370-388 |
NOD/SCID mice | Orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer model | Tail vein injection | 120 mg/kg | Once daily for 21 days | To evaluate the antitumor effect of β-Elemene in TFEB knockout mice, results showed TFEB knockout attenuated the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene on tumor growth. | J Adv Res. 2024 Aug;62:257-272 |
New Zealand white rabbits | Rabbit model of tracheal stenosis | Local endotracheal injection | 160 µg/mL | Once a week for one week | Inhibits airway granulation tissue hyperplasia and alleviates tracheal stenosis | Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2021 Jun 12;26(1):28 |
C57BL/6J mice | MCAO model and photothrombotic stroke model | Intraperitoneal injection | 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg | 1 hour before ischemia and 5 hours after reperfusion | Β-Elemene attenuated neurological deficit, reduced the infarction volume and neuroinflammation, thus improving ischemic stroke injury. | Chin Med. 2024 Jun 15;19(1):86 |
C57BL/6 mice | Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model | Intraperitoneal injection | 40 mg/kg/d | Once daily for 7 days | Β-Elemene attenuated renal fibrosis in UUO mice by inhibition of STAT3 and Smad3 signaling | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 16;23(10):5553 |
BALB/C mice | DLBCL xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 45 mg/kg | Once daily for 28 days | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene on the growth of DLBCL xenograft, the results showed that β-Elemene significantly suppressed tumor growth, down-regulated HULC expression, up-regulated Bax expression, and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. | Biosci Rep. 2020 Feb 28;40(2):BSR20190804 |
BALB/c nude mice | OSCC xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 45 mg/kg β-Ele and/or 4 mg/kg cisplatin | Every three days for 27 days | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-Ele and cisplatin combination therapy on the growth of OSCC xenograft tumors. The results showed that β-Ele and cisplatin synergistically suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis, possibly by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. | Cancer Cell Int. 2022 Jul 31;22(1):244 |
Nude mice | Orthotopic transplantation HCC model | Intraperitoneal injection | 45 mg/kg β-elemene and 5 mg/kg oxaliplatin | Twice a week for 7 weeks | Β-Elemene combined with oxaliplatin significantly inhibited HCC tumor growth in nude mice by upregulating CTR1 expression, increasing intracellular oxaliplatin accumulation, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effect of oxaliplatin. | Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 12;6:21010 |
BALB/c-nu mice | A549 cell subcutaneous xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 5 mg/kg | Once daily for 7 days | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene on the growth of A549 cell subcutaneous xenografts. Results showed that β-Elemene significantly suppressed tumor growth. | Am J Cancer Res. 2022 Apr 15;12(4):1535-1555 |
BALB/c nude mice | NSCLC xenograft model | Oral gavage | 50 mg/kg | Every other day for 2 weeks | Β-Elemene suppresses tumor growth by downregulating ALDH3A1 expression, reducing glucose uptake, and inhibiting glycolysis. | Cell Death Dis. 2023 Sep 20;14(9):617 |
BALB/c nude mice | Orthotopic breast cancer xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 50 mg/kg | Once daily for 21 days | Β-Elemene significantly reduced metastatic foci of breast cancer in the lung and liver. | J Cell Mol Med. 2019 Oct;23(10):6846-6858 |
Nude mice | HCC827/GR xenograft model | Intravenous injection | 50 mg/kg | Daily for an unspecified duration | To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of β-Elemene in combination with gefitinib, results showed that the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth. | Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 May 14;17(5):626 |
BALB/c nude mice | A673 xenograft model | Peritumoral injection | 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg | Once daily for 17 days | Β-Elemene significantly inhibited the growth of A673 xenografts, with a 72% inhibition rate in the high-dose group. | Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019 Feb;26(2):187-199 |
C57BL/6 male mice | High-fat diet-induced obese mouse model | Gavage | 7.5 mg/kg/d | Once daily for 3 weeks | Β-Elemene suppressed experimental obesity-induced chronic inflammation by adjusting the intestinal immune system of obese mice and partially reversed HFD-induced changes in the composition and contents of mouse gut bacteria. | Biomedicines. 2021 Jun 22;9(7):704 |
Mice | High-fat diet-induced obesity model | Gavage | 7.5 mg/kg/d | Once daily for 3 weeks | To study the regulatory effect of β-Elemene on inflammatory response in obese mice, results showed that β-Elemene significantly reduced blood glucose levels and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. | Commun Biol. 2022 May 31;5(1):519 |
C57BL/6 male mice | High-fat diet-induced obese mouse model | Oral gavage | 7.5 mg/kg/d | Once daily for 3 weeks | To evaluate the effects of β-Elemene on adipose tissue inflammation and Tregs in obese mice. Results showed that oral administration of β-Elemene significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in adipose tissue and increased the proportion of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells, indicating its role in alleviating obesity-induced chronic inflammation by modulating DCs function in the intestinal immune system. | iScience. 2020 Nov 30;24(1):101883 |
Bio Calculators | ||||
Preparing Stock Solutions | ![]() |
1mg | 5mg | 10mg |
1 mM 5 mM 10 mM |
4.89mL 0.98mL 0.49mL |
24.47mL 4.89mL 2.45mL |
48.94mL 9.79mL 4.89mL |
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Dissolving Methods |
in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn:
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