Products Cited in Publications Worldwide Electromagnetic Field-Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Ibuprofen: Impact on Physicochemical Properties, Skin Permeability, and Drug Accumulation

Electromagnetic Field-Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Ibuprofen: Impact on Physicochemical Properties, Skin Permeability, and Drug Accumulation

Zyburtowicz-Ćwiartka, Karolina; Nowak, Anna; Piotrowska, Katarzyna; Muzykiewicz-Szymańska, Anna; Kucharski, Łukasz; Konopacki, Maciej; Rakoczy, Rafał; Ossowicz-Rupniewska, Paula

DOI:

Abstract

Purpose: , a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility and limited skin permeability, which restricts its efcacy in transdermal applications. Electromagnetic felds have emerged as a novel, non-invasive strategy to modulate drug properties and enhance transdermal delivery. This study investigates the infuence of various electromagnetic feld modalities, oscillating, pulsed, static, and rotating, on the physicochemical properties, permeability, and skin accumulation of unmodifed 【ibuprofen||https://www.ambeed.com/products/ibuprofen.html】. Methods: samples were subjected to electromagnetic felds (EMF) exposure and characterized by FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, solubility, and log P assays. In vitro permeation was assessed using Franz difusion cells with porcine skin. Key parameters, including cumulative permeation (Q8h), steady-state fux (JSS), and skin accumulation, were quantifed. Results: While EMF exposure did not alter ibuprofen’s molecular structure, subtle changes in crystallinity and thermal parameters were observed, particularly under rotating magnetic felds (RMF) and pulsed magnetic felds (PMF) conditions. Pulsed magnetic felds (PMF 10/10) and rotating felds (RMF 10 Hz) signifcantly improved both solubility and lipophilicity. RMF 10 Hz yielded the highest enhancement in skin permeability (Q8h=358.8 µg; KP=12.7×10-3 cm/h). A parallel was found with , where RMF also proved most efective, supporting a generalizable feld–efect relationship across structurally similar NSAIDs. Conclusions: EMF, particularly RMF and PMF, presents a promising approach for enhancing the transdermal delivery of 【ibuprofen||https://www.ambeed.com/products/ibuprofen.html】 by modulating key physicochemical parameters. The congruence of results between 【ibuprofen||https://www.ambeed.com/products/ibuprofen.html】 and underscores the potential of electromagnetic-assisted drug delivery as a platform strategy for poorly soluble APIs. These fndings open new perspectives for eco-conscious, non-invasive optimization of transdermal therapeutics.

Keywords

Electromagnetic Field ; Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ; Nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drugs ; IbuprofenTransdermal drug delivery ; Skin barrier

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Ibuprofen

A23870215687-27-198%

Ibuprofen

10.0/1mg

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