Products Cited in Publications Worldwide Generation of a Fluorescent Short-Lifetime Oxygen Nanosensor by Coupling of an Exciplex Forming Dye Pair

Generation of a Fluorescent Short-Lifetime Oxygen Nanosensor by Coupling of an Exciplex Forming Dye Pair

Saccomano, Samuel C; Knudson, Luke D; Reynolds, Brandon; Samo, Ty J; Nuccio, Erin E; Mendonsa, Adrian A; Weber, Peter K; Crane, Matthew J; Domaille, Dylan W; Cash, Kevin J

DOI:

Abstract

Typical oxygen-sensitive dyes have lifetimes in the μs-ms regime for sensitive oxygen detection based on molecular quenching. Due to the long triplet-state lifetimes and poor quenching efficiency of these probes, it has been difficult to develop short lifetime probes. We have developed oxygen sensors using a short-lifetime dye (~30–60 ns) that forms an anthracene-aniline exciplex, which is quenched by molecular oxygen through an excited-state charge transfer mechanism. To achieve measurements in aqueous systems, we have tethered the dyes together via a C3 alkyl linker to facilitate greater exciplex formation at low dye concentration (20 μg mL-1) and encapsulated the resulting compound into polymeric nanoparticles to form an aqueous-dispersible short-lifetime oxygen nanosensor. The sensors emit at 420 nm (unfolded dye) and 500 nm (exciplex), and the ratiometric Stern-Volmer Constant is 1.52 ± 0.02 L mol-1, showing good sensitivity from 0% to 40% dissolved oxygen without the tradeoff of a long lifetime needed for direct molecular quenching. In this paper, we characterize this sensor for both lifetime-based measurements using time-correlated single-photon counting and ratiometric intensity-based measurements using the unfolded dye emission as an internal reference peak.

Keywords

Excited state complex ; oxygen sensing ; polymeric nanosensors ; short lifetime ; fluorescence

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