Products Cited in Publications Worldwide Bacillus spp. Antibacterial Activity Induced by Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride against Ralstonia solanacearum: Oxidative Stress Response and Metabolome Changes

Bacillus spp. Antibacterial Activity Induced by Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride against Ralstonia solanacearum: Oxidative Stress Response and Metabolome Changes

González-Marín, Carolina; García-Botero, Camilo; Metaute-Molina, Estefanía; Caraballo-Rodríguez, Andrés Mauricio; Dorrestein, Pieter C; Villegas-Escobar, Valeska

DOI: PMID:

Abstract

High salt concentrations affect the electron transport chain of bacterial cells, leading to an oxidative stress response that encompasses the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The salt 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) triggers activity against the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in Bacillus species; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TTC-inducible activity is related to the formation of and its metabolites. We found that , superoxide dismutase, and catalase counteracted TTC-inducible activity in various Bacillus species. Furthermore, R. solanacearum exhibited a higher susceptibility to H2O2 than Bacillus spp. Genomic analysis showed differences in stress-related genes, with Bacillus strains containing the scavengers bacillithiol and bacillibactin, while glutathione inR. solanacearum. Multivariate analysis indicated that the Bacillus species and TTC influence Bacillus metabolome, resulting in higher levels of quinazoline , with potential activity against R. solanacearum. Results suggest that TTC induces the production of O2•– and H2O2 and metabolites that arrest R. solanacearum growth.

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