Dendrimers are synthetically engineered macromolecules with precise three-dimensional hierarchical architectures. Their structure comprises a central core, iterative branching units (usually expressed by generations, e.g., G1–G5), and peripheral functional groups. Through iterative synthesis strategies, branch generation, cavity size (1–10 nm), and surface chemistry can be precisely tailored. Dendrimers have internal cavities for guest encapsulation and dense peripheral structures with reactive and targeting moieties. The peripheral structure can be modified with stimuli-responsive units for reversible conformational changes or stimuli-triggered release. Distinct from the polydispersity of traditional polymer molecular weight, controlled synthesis of dendrimers ensures uniform molecular weight. Due to the unique morphology and function, dendrimers have shown great potential in applications such as drug delivery, catalytic support, and molecular recognition.
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