The zirconium catalyst, composed of either elemental zirconium or zirconium compounds, exhibits catalytic activity. Zirconium, known for its chemical reactivity, reacts with various nonmetallic elements at high temperatures. Its interaction with halogens displays Lewis acid properties, facilitating numerous chemical reactions. In zirconium catalysts, the valence state of zirconium is typically 0 or +4. While less common than titanium(IV) in catalytic applications, zirconium is favored for its superior catalytic activity and selectivity.