* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Stage #1: at 20 - 95℃; Inert atmosphere Stage #2: With ammonium hydroxide In water at 20℃; Cooling wit ice
In a three neck IL round bottom flask equipped with reflux condenser was added 2-amino- 4(3H)-pyrimidinone A.ll (10Og, 0.9 mol) (available from Toronto Research Chemicals) followed by POCl3 (168 ml, 1.800mol) at room temperature and under an atmosphere of N2. To this was cautiously added ClSO3H (4.8ml, 72.01 mmol). The solution was heated to 950C for 4 hrs, before it was cooled to room temperature. The solution was then cooled in an ice bath before it was poured into 700ml of ice water with vigorous stirring. Adjusted the pH to ~7 with NH4OH (30percent by weight) (temperature was held below 2O0C). A tan colored solid was collected by filtration. The solid was dried under vacuum at 7O0C overnight to afford 4-chloro- 2-pyrimidinamine A.12 (108g, 92percent) as an off white solid.1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD)3SO) δ 8.17 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, IH), 7.07 (br s, 2H), 6.64 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, IH); ESI MS: M + H+ 130.0 m/z.
In a three neck 250 mL round bottom flask equipped with reflux condenser was added isocytosine (20 g, 0.18 mol) followed by phosphorus oxychloride (40 mL, 0.43 mol) at -5 °C and under an atmosphere of nitrogen. To this was cautiously added chlorosulfonic acid (4 mL, 0.06 mol). The solution was permitted to heat spontaneously to room temperature and then heated at 45 °C for 1 h. It was then heated cautiously at 90 °C for 4 h, before it was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then cooled in an ice bath before it was pour onto 400 mL of ice water with vigorous stirring. Adjusted the pH to 7 with ammonia water (28percent by weight) (temperature was held below 20 °C). A tan colored solid was collected by filtration. The solid was dried to afford 4-chloro-2-pyrimidinamine (17 g, 73percent yield) as an off white solid. m.p. 166-167 °C.
Reference：
[1] European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2012, vol. 50, p. 18 - 26
3
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 3993-78-0 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2011, vol. 76, # 10, p. 4149 - 4153
[2] Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, vol. 49, # 14, p. 4409 - 4424
4
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 144-62-7 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
5
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
6
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 144-62-7 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
7
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 144-62-7 ]
[ 57-13-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
8
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
[ 57-13-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
9
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 144-62-7 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
[ 57-13-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
10
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 144-62-7 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
[ 57-13-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
11
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 557-01-7 ]
[ 151-51-9 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 120-73-0 ]
[ 452-06-2 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
[ 57-13-6 ]
Reference：
[1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, # 46, p. 15512 - 15518
12
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 156-81-0 ]
[ 849585-22-4 ]
[ 617-48-1 ]
[ 2491-15-8 ]
[ 110-15-6 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 71-30-7 ]
[ 113-00-8 ]
[ 127-17-3 ]
[ 66-22-8 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
[ 56-40-6 ]
[ 302-72-7 ]
[ 18514-52-8 ]
Yield
Reaction Conditions
Operation in experiment
0.18 mg
With ferric sulfate nonahydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
With copper(II) choride dihydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference：
[1] Synthesis (Germany), 2012, vol. 44, # 22, p. 3496 - 3504
[2] American Chemical Journal, 1903, vol. 29, p. 496[3] American Chemical Journal, 1904, vol. 31, p. 596
16
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 7254-29-7 ]
Reference：
[1] Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 2007, vol. 46, # 14, p. 2478 - 2484
[2] Chemistry - An Asian Journal, 2011, vol. 6, # 5, p. 1252 - 1262
[3] American Chemical Journal, 1905, vol. 34, p. 564
[4] Patent: US2012/214762, 2012, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 80
17
[ 77287-34-4 ]
[ 51953-18-5 ]
[ 156-81-0 ]
[ 120-89-8 ]
[ 108-53-2 ]
[ 71-30-7 ]
[ 144-62-7 ]
[ 113-00-8 ]
[ 127-17-3 ]
[ 66-22-8 ]
[ 56-06-4 ]
[ 66224-66-6 ]
[ 57-13-6 ]
[ 56-40-6 ]
Yield
Reaction Conditions
Operation in experiment
1.6 mg
With copper(II) choride dihydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
With ferric sulfate nonahydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
With phosphorus(V) oxybromide; at 20 - 135℃; for 2h;
The synthetic route of this comparative example is as follows:<strong>[108-53-2]Isocytosin</strong>e (4g) and phosphorus oxybromide (10g) were mixed well at room temperature,The reaction was stirred at 80 C for 2 hours,Then slowly warmed to 135 ,The reaction was held at 135 C until the reaction was complete.The reaction was cooled to 0 C and the pH was adjusted to 12 and 1 g of product was filtered off (16% yield).Elemental analysis showed that the yellow solid could be identified as 2-amino-4-bromopyrimidine. c
With sulfuric acid; nitric acid; at 20 - 70℃; for 2.5h;Cooling with ice;
Step 1-Synthesis of 2-amino-5-nitro-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one Concentrated sulfuric acid (2.4 mL) was added to 2-amino-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one (1 g, 9.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred and cooled in ice bath before dropwise addition of concentrated nitric acid (0.56 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min before being heated at 70 C. for 2 hr. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT and was slowly added to water (10 mL), cooled in an ice bath. The resultant precipitate was collected by suction filtration, washed with diethyl ether (5 mL) and then thoroughly dried under high vacuum to give the title compound: 1H NMR (250 MHz, DMSO) delta 7.18 (1H, br. s.), 8.61 (1H, br. s.), 8.81 (1H, s); LC-MS: m/z=+156.9 (M+H)+.
Example 28 Dye-29 MgCl2 (16.5 g, 173 mmol) was added to a cooled (-15 C.) mixture of potassium malonate (24.4 g, 144 mmol) and triethylamine (22.5 g, 223 mmol) in 200 mL acetonitrile. After stirring for 2 hours at 10-15 C., ethylhexanoyl chloride (11.2 g, 69 mmol) was added, while maintaining cooling in an ice bath. Overnight stirring at room temperature under an argon atmosphere was followed by evaporation of the solvent,addition of ether and an HCl solution. The organic layer was washed with a bicarbonate solution, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to give an almost quantitative yield of an oil. This beta-keto ethyl ester (6.0 g, 28.0 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice cooled suspension of NaH (60%, 1.32 g, 33 mmol) in 75 mL of dried THF. After an hour of stirring, MeI (2.4 mL, 38.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight under an argon atmosphere at 45 C. The product was poured into an aqueous 1M HCl solution and extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated NaCl solution and dried with Na2SO4. Evaporation of the solvent gave 6.5 grams of an oil. This modified beta-keto ethyl ester (11.2 g, 49.1 mmol) and guanidine carbonate (42.2 g, 469 mmol) were put to reflux in 275 mL of ethanol. Reflux was maintained during two days, using a Dean-Stark setup with dried molecular sieves in the receiving arm. Ethanol was removed by evaporation, chloroform was added and the organic solution was washed with a bicarbonate solution. Drying of the solution with MgSO4 was followed by precipitation of the isocytosine into pentane to afford 6.0 grams (55%) of a white solid.
6.0 grams (55%)
Synthesis Example 21 This example discloses the synthesis of Dye-29 MgCl2 (16.5 g, 173 mmol) was added to a cooled (-15 C.) mixture of potassium malonate (24.4 g, 144 mmol) and triethylamine (22.5 g, 223 mmol) in 200 mL acetonitrile. After stirring for 2 hours at 10-15 C., ethylhexanoyl chloride (11.2 g, 69 mmol) was added, while maintaining cooling in an ice bath. Overnight stirring at room temperature under an argon atmosphere was followed by evaporation of the solvent, addition of ether and an HCl solution. The organic layer was washed with a bicarbonate solution, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to give an almost quantitative yield of an oil. This beta-keto ethyl ester (6.0 g, 28.0 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice cooled suspension of NaH (60%, 1.32 g, 33 mmol) in 75 mL of dried THF. After an hour of stirring, MeI (2.4 mL, 38.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight under an argon atmosphere at 45 C. The product was poured into an aqueous 1M HCl solution and extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated NaCl solution and dried with Na2SO4. Evaporation of the solvent gave 6.5 grams of an oil. This modified beta-keto ethyl ester (11.2 g, 49.1 mmol) and guanidine carbonate (42.2 g, 469 mmol) were put to reflux in 275 mL of ethanol. Reflux was maintained during two days, using a Dean-Stark setup with dried molecular sieves in the receiving arm. Ethanol was removed by evaporation, chloroform was added and the organic solution was washed with a bicarbonate solution. Drying of the solution with MgSO4 was followed by precipitation of the isocytosine into pentane to afford 6.0 grams (55%) of a white solid.
30
2-amino-6-thioxo-5,6-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one[ No CAS ]
3.1 1) Synthesis of tert-butyl (4-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl) carbamate
Dissolve 2-aminopyrimidin-4-ol (1.00g, 0.01mmol) in 20mL of pyridine, add (Boc)2O (2.94g, 0.014mol) to the reaction solution dropwise at 65°C, and raise the temperature to 85°C after the addition is complete The reaction was carried out for 4 hours, and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion of the reaction, EA extracts the reaction liquid, the organic phase is washed with acid water, and passed through a silica gel column to obtain 1.06 g (53.65%) of a white solid.
45.2%
With pyridine at 65 - 85℃; for 4h;
3 The preparation of Compound 10B:
The preparation of Compound 10B: To a stirring solution of compound 10A (5.0 g, 45 mmol) in pyridine (200 mL) (Boc)2O (14.7 g, 67.5 mmol) was added dropwise at 65° C. Then the reactant was stirred at 85° C. for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored via TLC (DCM/Methanol=10:1). After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., concentrated HCl (100 mL) was added, and then water (50 mL) was added. After extracting with EA, the organic phase was washed with NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated, to obtain a yellow oily substance, which was suspended in Et2O, and the solid was collected by filtration to obtain compound 10B (4.3 g, yield 45.2%) as a white solid.
45.2%
With pyridine at 65 - 85℃; for 4h;
3 Preparation of Compound 10B
To a stirring solution of compound 10A (5.0 g, 45 mmol) in pyridine (200 mL) (Boc)2O (14.7 g, 67.5 mmol) was added dropwise at 65° C. Then the reactant was stirred at 85° C. for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored via TLC (DCM/Methanol=10:1). After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., concentrated HCl (100 mL) was added, and then water (50 mL) was added. After extracting with EA, the organic phase was washed with NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated, to obtain a yellow oily substance, which was suspended in Et2O, and the solid was collected by filtration to obtain compound 10B (4.3 g, yield 45.2%) as a white solid.
2-amino-5-((6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyrimidinone[ No CAS ]
Yield
Reaction Conditions
Operation in experiment
In hydrogenchloride;
EXAMPLE 8 <strong>[108-53-2]Isocytosin</strong>e is reacted with 2-methyl-5-formyl pyridine in refluxing concentrated hydrochloric acid for 24 hours to give 2-amino-5-((6-methyl-3-pyridyl)hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyrimidinone.
With sodium chloride; sodium ethanolate; In water;
(a) Guanidine hydrochloride (IIIc) (10 g, 0.1 mol) was added to 1 M sodium ethoxide (100 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature after which the mixture was filtered quickly from sodium chloride. To the filtrate was added 1,3-dimethyluracil (1.4 g, 0.01 mol) and the mixture refluxed for 18 hours under nitrogen. The solvent was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the syrupy residue dissolved in water (30 ml). The solution was passed through a column of Amberlite IRC-50 (H+) and the column washed with water. The uv absorbing fractions were combined and evaporated in vacuo to dryness to a syrup which crystallized upon trituration with ethanol. The yield of isocytosine (IIIc, R1, R2 =H) was 0.73 g (66%), mp 265-267. A mixed melting point with an authentic sample of isocytosine was not depressed. The uv and ir spectrum of the product was identical with that for isocytosine. In accordance with the above procedure but where, in place of 1,3-dimethyluracil, there is employed 1,3-diethyluracil, 1,3-ditertbutyluracil or 1,3-dibenzyluracil there is obtained the same product.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5 Production of 2-amino-5-bromo-4-hydroxypyrimidine To a solution of <strong>[108-53-2]isocytosine</strong> (1.04 g, 9.36 mmol) in acetic acid (25 ml) are added dropwise bromine (0.51 ml, 9.83 mmol) at room temperature. After the addition is completed, the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at this temperature, successively concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which is washed with ethyl ether, dried to afford white powders(2.49 g, 98%).
In a three neck IL round bottom flask equipped with reflux condenser was added 2-amino- 4(3H)-pyrimidinone A.ll (10Og, 0.9 mol) (available from Toronto Research Chemicals) followed by POCl3 (168 ml, 1.800mol) at room temperature and under an atmosphere of N2. To this was cautiously added ClSO3H (4.8ml, 72.01 mmol). The solution was heated to 950C for 4 hrs, before it was cooled to room temperature. The solution was then cooled in an ice bath before it was poured into 700ml of ice water with vigorous stirring. Adjusted the pH to ~7 with NH4OH (30% by weight) (temperature was held below 2O0C). A tan colored solid was collected by filtration. The solid was dried under vacuum at 7O0C overnight to afford 4-chloro- 2-pyrimidinamine A.12 (108g, 92%) as an off white solid.1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD)3SO) delta 8.17 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, IH), 7.07 (br s, 2H), 6.64 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, IH); ESI MS: M + H+ 130.0 m/z.
With O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 49h;Cooling with ice;
General procedure: To a 100 ml RBF, compound 6a (10 mmol), heterocyclic amine (2.18 g, 10 mmol) and TBTU (3.21 g, 10 mmol) and dry CH2Cl2 (15 ml) were taken and the contents of the flask were cooled in an ice-bath. DIPEA (8.9 ml, 50 mmol) was added drop wise to the flask over a 1-hr period. The reaction mixture became clear after complete addition. The ice-bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hrs. The white solid (precipitated out of the reaction mixture) was filtered and washed with water (20 ml). The crude products were directly recrystallised from boiling 1,4-dioxane.
For a 1:1 co-crystal of dicamba and isocytosine, 133 mg of dicamba, 67 mg of isocytosine and 80 pi of 50 vlv-% water-ethanol or nitromethane solution was grinded in a ball mill (Retsch Modell MM3O1) for 20 minutes. The residual solvents were left to dry in air. The crystalline product gave the PXRD presented in Figure VIII.
With ferric sulfate nonahydrate; In water; at 80℃; for 24h;pH 7.57;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0% w/w) at 80 C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 muL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0% w/w ofthe corresponding salt?s pellet) at 80 C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0% w/w) at80 C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10% v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 muL) at 60C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 C, detector temperature 280 C, gradient 100 C for 2min, and 10 C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98% compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ?1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
With magnesium sulfate; In water; at 80℃; for 24h;pH 7.57;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0% w/w) at 80 C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 muL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0% w/w ofthe corresponding salt?s pellet) at 80 C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0% w/w) at80 C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10% v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 muL) at 60C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 C, detector temperature 280 C, gradient 100 C for 2min, and 10 C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98% compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ?1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
With copper(II) choride dihydrate; In water; at 80℃; for 24h;pH 7.57;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0% w/w) at 80 C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 muL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0% w/w ofthe corresponding salt?s pellet) at 80 C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0% w/w) at80 C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10% v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 muL) at 60C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 C, detector temperature 280 C, gradient 100 C for 2min, and 10 C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98% compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ?1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
With sodium silicate solution; CuN2O6; In water; at 80℃; for 24h;pH 7.57;
General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0% w/w) at 80 C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 muL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0% w/w ofthe corresponding salt?s pellet) at 80 C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 muL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0% w/w) at80 C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10% v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 muL) at 60C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 C, detector temperature 280 C, gradient 100 C for 2min, and 10 C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98% compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ?1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
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