121239-75-6|(4-(Octyloxy)phenyl)(phenyl)iodonium hexafluorostibate(V)| Ambeed

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Microlithography of hole transport layers for high-resolution organic light-emitting diodes with reduced electrical crosstalk

Hyukmin Kweon ; Seonkwon Kim ; Borina Ha ; Seunghan Lee ; Soyeon Lee ; SeungHwan Roh , et al.

DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01327-5 Nat. Electron.,2025,8,66-74.

Abstract: High-density displays are required for the development of virtual and augmented reality devices. However, increasing the pixel resolution can lead to higher electrical pixel crosstalk, primarily due to a shared hole transport layer. Here we show that a silicone-integrated small-molecule hole transport layer can be patterned at the wafer scale with microlithography to mitigate electrical pixel crosstalk. This provides high-density pixelation and improved performance of the hole transport layer itself. With this approach, we create high-fdelity micro-pattern arrays with a resolution of up to 10,062 pixels per inch on a six-inch wafer. The silicone-integrated small-molecule hole transport layer can efectively modulate charge balance within the emission layers, improving the luminance characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes. We also show that organic light-emitting diodes integrated with micro-patterned silicone-integrated small-molecule hole transport layers have a reduced electrical pixel crosstalk compared with organic light-emitting diodes with a typical hole transport layer.

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

UV-induced frontal polymerization for optimized in-situ curing of epoxy resin for excellent tensile and flexural properties

Amirreza Tarafdar ; Wenhua Lin ; Ali Naderi ; Xinlu Wang ; Kun (Kelvin) Fu ; Ian D. Hosein , et al.

DOI: 10.1016/j.coco.2024.101832 Compos. Commun.,2024,46,101832.

Abstract: UV-induced frontal polymerization is an emergent rapid curing method for thermoset resin and its fiber composites which features the generation of a self-sustaining front that propagates within the entire material. This is different from using the commercially available UV curable resin which prohibited the curing of thermoset composites with opaque fibers (e.g., carbon fiber) due to the UV light being blocked by the fibers. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that using the UV-induced frontal polymerization allows us to reduce the curing time of a standard tensile specimen of epoxy resin from traditionally 15 h using the oven curing method to only less than 1.5 min. The frontal polymerized epoxy specimens showed comparable and even superior tensile and flexural properties when compared to the traditional oven cured specimens. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the influence of the weight content of the photoinitiator, the UV light intensity, and the specimen geometry on the characteristics of the frontal polymerization process (i.e., front temperature, front velocity, and degree of cure) and the resulting tensile and flexural properties. The results and discussions are expected to provide guidance in scaling up this UV-induced frontal polymerization technique for the sustainable and additive manufacturing and repair of thermoset resin and its fiber composites.

Keywords: Frontal polymerization ; Epoxy resin ; Sustainable manufacturing ; Out-of-oven curing ; Mechanical properties

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

Gas-free initiation for free-radical frontal polymerization through charge transfer complexes

Daniel P. Gary ; Md Abdullah Al Mahmud ; Madison G. Dawson ; John A. Pojman ;

DOI: 10.1002/pol.20240335 J. Polym. Sci.,2024,62(18):4148-4154.

Abstract: Frontal polymerization is a process in which a localized reaction zone propagates through the coupling of thermal transport and the Arrhenius kinetics of exothermic polymerization. Most initiators that have been used produce volatile by-products, which create bubbles and voids. Tetraalkyl ammonium persulfates have been used but these require synthesis and do not have long shelf lives. A charge transfer complex (CTC) composed of an iodonium salt, and a phosphine compound has been identified as a gas-free initiator for free-radical thermal frontal polymerization. This CTC has 4-(dimethylamino)phenyldiphenly phophine (DMAPDP) as the donor and p-(octyloxyphenyl)phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate as the acceptor (IOC-8). The CTC was tested with several acrylates, and all were found to support bubble-free fronts. We determined the CTC mole ratio for some monomers at which the front velocity reaches a plateau.

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6 ; 739-58-2

Kinetic and Chemical Effects of Clays and Other Fillers in the Preparation of Epoxy–Vinyl Ether Composites Using Radical-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization

Brecklyn R. Groce ; Emma E. Lane ; Daniel P. Gary ; Douglas T. Ngo ; Dylan T. Ngo ; Fahima Shaon , et al.

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00187 PubMed ID: 37027250 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces,2023,15(15):19403-19413.

Abstract: Addition of fillers to formulations can generate composites with improved mechanical properties and lower the overall cost through a reduction of chemicals needed. In this study, fillers were added to resin systems consisting of epoxies and vinyl ethers that frontally polymerized through a radical-induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) mechanism. Different clays, along with inert fumed silica, were added to increase the viscosity and reduce the convection, results of which did not follow many trends present in free-radical frontal polymerization. The clays were found to reduce the front velocity of RICFP systems overall compared to systems with only fumed silica. It is hypothesized that chemical effects and water content produce this reduction when clays are added to the cationic system. Mechanical and thermal properties of composites were studied, along with filler dispersion in the cured material. Drying the clays in an oven increased the front velocity. Comparing thermally insulating wood flour to thermally conducting carbon fibers, we observed that the carbon fibers resulted in an increase in front velocity, while the wood flour reduced the front velocity. Finally, it was shown that acid-treated montmorillonite K10 polymerizes RICFP systems containing vinyl ether even in the absence of an initiator, resulting in a short pot life.

Keywords: frontal polymerization ; cationic polymerization ; fillers ; clays ; minerals ; kinetics ; epoxies ; vinyl ethers

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

Wafer-scale lithography of silicone-integrated hole transporters for anti-pixel crosstalk organic light-emitting diodes

Do Hwan Kim ; Hyukmin Kweon ; Seonkwon Kim ; Borina Ha ; Seunghan Lee ; Soyeon Lee , et al.

DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3729326/v1 Research Square,2023.

Abstract: Ultrahigh-density displays are becoming increasingly prevalent in display technology for immersive digital interactive devices. However, the pursuit of higher pixel resolution has inadvertently led to the emergence of electrical pixel crosstalk, primarily due to the use of common hole transporting layers (HTLs). In this work, we present wafer-scale, anti-pixel crosstalk micro-lithography to mitigate electrical pixel crosstalk by incorporating a silicone-integrated small molecule HTL (SI-HTL), which not only enables ultrahigh-density pixelation but also enhances the functionality of the HTL itself. Leveraging the inherent silicon etching properties of SI-HTL, we successfully created high-fidelity micro-pattern arrays with a remarkable resolution of up to 10,062 pixels per inch on 6-inch wafer scales. Furthermore, SI-HTL effectively modulates charge balance within the emission layers, resulting in improved luminance characteristics in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Our comprehensive optical and quantitative assessment of electrical pixel crosstalk in OLEDs integrated with micro-patterned SI-HTL demonstrates the significant effectiveness of high pixelation of the HTL in alleviating the crosstalk issue.

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

Effect of a Dicycloaliphatic Epoxide on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Alkyl, Aryl Epoxide Monomers Cured via UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization

Muhammad Salman Malik ; Markus Wolfahrt ; Marco Sangermano ; Sandra Schlögl ;

DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100976 Macromol. Mater. Eng.,2022,307(7):2100976.

Abstract: Radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) is a promising route to achieve rapid curing of epoxy-based thermosets, requiring only a localized exposure with UV light. In the presence of a diaryliodonium-based photoinitiator and a thermal radical initiator, a self-sustaining hot front cures epoxide monomer via a cationic mechanism. However, the cationic polymerization of diglycidyl ether derivatives is slow (in comparison with other epoxides with higher reactivity) and, as a consequence, frontal polymerization is sluggish because the heat loss is not compensated by the rate of heat release. Cycloaliphatic epoxies possess a higher ring strain than diglycidyl ether derivatives and can be blended with the latter to increase its rate of frontal polymerization. In the current work, a comprehensive study on the influence of 3,4 epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (CE) on cure kinetics, viscosity, front velocity, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical properties of frontally cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether derivatives is presented. The results show a direct relationship between frontal velocity and amount of reactive diluent while an inverse relationship with the storage viscosity is observed. It is found that increasing the content of cycloaliphatic epoxide reduces the glass transition but increases mechanical properties of frontally cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether derivatives.

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

Charge transfer complexes as dual thermal/photo initiators for free‐radical frontal polymerization

Daniel P. Gary ; Douglas Ngo ; Amber Bui ; John A. Pojman ;

DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210913 J. Polym. Sci.,2022,60(10):1624-1630.

Abstract: Frontal polymerization is a process in which a localized reaction zone propagates from the coupling of thermal transport and the Arrhenius rate dependence of an exothermic polymerization; monomer is converted into polymer as the front passes through an unstirred medium. Herein we report the first study of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) as photo/thermal initiators for free-radical frontal polymerization. Front velocity was studied as a function of mole ratio between an aromatic amine, such as dimethyl-p-toluidine or dimethylaniline, and an iodonium salt. It was found that the front velocity reached a maximum at a certain mole ratio of amine to iodonium salt. The velocity remained constant upon increasing the ratio of amine to iodonium salt past this critical ratio. Fronts were also studied using N-phenyl glycine as an electron donor, but its utility was limited by low solubility. Lastly, the steric and electronic effects of the iodonium salt and counter anion were explored. It was found that CTCs using iodonium salts with less nucleophilic anions gave higher front velocities. In terms of intrinsic reactivity, the CTC composed of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine and bis[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]iodonium tetra(nonafluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate gave the highest front velocity per molal of iodonium salt.

Keywords: charge transfer complex ; free-radical polymerization ; frontal polymerization ; photoinitiator ; thermal initiator

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

Kinetics, Characterization, and Applications in the Development of Next-Generation Cure-on-Demand Polymeric Materials Through Frontal Polymerization

Gary, Daniel Paul ;

Abstract: Frontal polymerization (FP) is a process in which a front propagates in a localized reaction zone converting monomer into polymer. This work explored the kinetics and applications of FP for the development of cure-on-demand materials. The kinetic effects of fillers on frontal polymerization have not been thoroughly explored. In Chapter 2, various fillers were used, and their effects on front velocity and front temperature were determined. Clay minerals are primarily used, but the thermal conductive effects of milled carbon fiber were also explored. It was found that some fillers inhibit frontal polymerization through radical scavenging, while others increased the front velocity through thermal effects. Non-skid coatings are applied to the decks of marine vessels to provide both an anti-slip surface and corrosion protection. In Chapter 3, a base formulation for a one-component cure-ondemand coatings based on frontal polymerization was developed and studied. The coating is based on free-radical polymerization of acrylates and cures within minutes with the use of an infrared heater. In Chapter 4, the base formulation was applied as a non-skid coating engineered for a cure-to-service within minutes after cure initiation. The extended pot life and ability to selectively cure the coating will reduce waste, prevent error due to short working times, and improve operational availability by reducing the downtime from long cure-to-service times. The performance of the coating showed high value and potential application to marine vessels. Potential ways to improve the current non-skid coating are also discussed. Charge Transfer Complexes (CTCs) based on electron donor and acceptor interactions have been shown to act as dual thermal and photoinitiators. The first study done using charge transfer complexes as thermal initiators in frontal polymerization is presented in Chapter 5. xiv Various iodonium salts and amines were explored as electron acceptors and donors, respectively. The mole ratio of the iodonium salt to the amine, steric effects, and electronic effects were explored. It was found that the front velocity reached a maximum at a certain mole ratio of amine to iodonium salt. The relationship between the type of iodonium salt and front velocity was also explored. Chapter 6 concludes the work.

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

DLP 3D printing of materials with heterogeneous material properties

Šebalj, Nikola ;

Abstract: With additive manufacturing, it is now possible to repeatedly create 3D objects without the need for molds or heavy machining. In comparison with other additive manufacturing techniques, vat photopolymerization provides a fast and precise way of producing complex shapes and objects. Photopolymerization 3D printing uses light exposure to solidify a resin formulation and is typically limited to a single material. In recent years, researchers have focused on using multi-material 3D printing to manufacture objects with heterogeneous properties. A promising approach for vat photopolymerization 3D printing of multi-material objects is the use of orthogonal photoreactions to tailor the network properties. In this work, three different hybrid acrylate-epoxide systems were formulated to present the possibility of preparing dual-curable resins for 3D printing, and tuning their properties using dual-wavelength DLP 3D printing technology: a) DOM:ECC = 75:25, 25:75 b) Eb:ECC = 25:75 c) PEGDA:ECC = 50:50 The 3D printer used in this work, employs two different light engines, operating at 405 and 365 nm. At visible light irradiation, a radical photoinitiator was selectively activated, leading to the curing of the acrylate component. Upon UV light exposure, a radical curing as well as cationic ring opening process of the epoxide component was initiated, yielding an interpenetrating network (IPN) with higher crosslinking density and stiffness. For the quantitative conversion of the epoxide network, a thermal post-baking step was carried out at 120°C for 2 hours. The cure kinetics of prepared hybrid acrylate-epoxide resins were investigated using the FTIR spectroscopy and through the initial printing trials. Selective illumination with either light source should shift material properties between the soft acrylate and rather stiff epoxide network. This was verified for DOM:ECC and PEGDA:ECC systems, while the system Eb:ECC displayed thermal instability and inability to print wavelength selective materials. The system Eb:ECC was not subjected to further testing. Furthermore, to investigate mechanical behavior of the printed samples, dynamical mechanical analysis and tensile test were carried out.

Keywords: DLP 3D printing ; dual-curable resins ; radical and cationic polymerization ; acrylate and epoxide ; mechanical properties

Purchased from AmBeed: 121239-75-6

Product Details of [ 121239-75-6 ]

CAS No. :	121239-75-6
Formula :	C₂₀H₂₆F₆IOSb
M.W :	645.07
SMILES Code :	CCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C([I+]C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1.F[Sb-](F)(F)(F)(F)F
MDL No. :	MFCD08275318
InChI Key :	QBOTYWKRKSTVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-H
Pubchem ID :	21889414

Safety of [ 121239-75-6 ]

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Danger
Hazard Statements:	H301+H331-H411
Precautionary Statements:	P501-P261-P273-P270-P271-P264-P391-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P311-P403+P233-P405
Class:	6.1
UN#:	3467
Packing Group:	Ⅲ

Computational Chemistry of [ 121239-75-6 ] Show Less

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms	29
Num. arom. heavy atoms	12
Fraction Csp3	0.4
Num. rotatable bonds	10
Num. H-bond acceptors	7.0
Num. H-bond donors	0.0
Molar Refractivity	111.09
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from Ertl P. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.	9.23 Å²

Lipophilicity

Log P_o/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from Daina A et al. 2014 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	0.0
Log P_o/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by XLOGP program, version 3.2.2, courtesy of CCBG, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry	11.06
Log P_o/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from Wildman SA and Crippen GM. 1999 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	7.6
Log P_o/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from Moriguchi I. et al. 1992 Chem. Pharm. Bull. Moriguchi I. et al. 1994 Chem. Pharm. Bull. Lipinski PA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev.	6.67
Log P_o/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com	6.91
Consensus Log P_o/w? Consensus Log P_o/w: Average of all five predictions	6.45

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from Delaney JS. 2004 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	-10.45
Solubility	0.0000000227 mg/ml ; 0.0 mol/l
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly	Insoluble
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from Ali J. et al. 2012 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	-11.22
Solubility	0.0000000039 mg/ml ; 0.0 mol/l
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly	Insoluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com	-8.74
Solubility	0.00000117 mg/ml ; 0.0000000018 mol/l
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly	Poorly soluble

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg	Low
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg	No
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) and tested on 415 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.72 / AUC=0.77 External: ACC=0.88 / AUC=0.94	Yes
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) and tested on 3000 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.83 / AUC=0.90 External: ACC=0.84 / AUC=0.91	No
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) and tested on 3000 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.86 External: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.87	No
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) and tested on 2075 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.85 External: ACC=0.71 / AUC=0.81	No
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) and tested on 1068 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.79 / AUC=0.85 External: ACC=0.81 / AUC=0.87	No
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) and tested on 2579 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.77 / AUC=0.85 External: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.86	No
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from Potts RO and Guy RH. 1992 Pharm. Res.	-2.38 cm/s

Druglikeness

Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from Lipinski CA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. MW ≤ 500 MLOGP ≤ 4.15 N or O ≤ 10 NH or OH ≤ 5	2.0
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from Ghose AK. et al. 1999 J. Comb. Chem. 160 ≤ MW ≤ 480 -0.4 ≤ WLOGP ≤ 5.6 40 ≤ MR ≤ 130 20 ≤ atoms ≤ 70	None
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from Veber DF. et al. 2002 J. Med. Chem. Rotatable bonds ≤ 10 TPSA ≤ 140	0.0
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from Egan WJ. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem. WLOGP ≤ 5.88 TPSA ≤ 131.6	1.0
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from Muegge I. et al. 2001 J. Med. Chem. 200 ≤ MW ≤ 600 -2 ≤ XLOGP ≤ 5 TPSA ≤ 150 Num. rings ≤ 7 Num. carbon > 4 Num. heteroatoms > 1 Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 15 H-bond acc. ≤ 10 H-bond don. ≤ 5	2.0
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat implemented from Martin YC. 2005 J. Med. Chem.	0.17

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from Baell JB. & Holloway GA. 2010 J. Med. Chem.	0.0 alert
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from Brenk R. et al. 2008 ChemMedChem	2.0 alert: heavy_metal
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from Teague SJ. 1999 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 250 ≤ MW ≤ 350 XLOGP ≤ 3.5 Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 7	No; 1 violation:MW<3.0
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) based on 1024 fragmental contributions (FP2) modulated by size and complexity penaties, trained on 12'782'590 molecules and tested on 40 external molecules (r² = 0.94)	3.87

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Similar Product of
[ 121239-75-6 ]

A1349682 [121239-74-5]

(4-(Octyloxy)phenyl)(phenyl)iodonium

Reason: Free-salt

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P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed
H304	May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
H305	May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways
H310	Fatal in contact with skin
H311	Toxic in contact with skin
H312	Harmful in contact with skin
H313	May be harmful in contact with skin
H314	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
H315	Causes skin irritation
H316	Causes mild skin irritation
H317	May cause an allergic skin reaction
H318	Causes serious eye damage
H319	Causes serious eye irritation
H320	Causes eye irritation
H330	Fatal if inhaled
H331	Toxic if inhaled
H332	Harmful if inhaled
H333	May be harmful if inhaled
H334	May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
H335	May cause respiratory irritation
H336	May cause drowsiness or dizziness
H340	May cause genetic defects
H341	Suspected of causing genetic defects
H350	May cause cancer
H351	Suspected of causing cancer
H360	May damage fertility or the unborn child
H361	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
H361d	Suspected of damaging the unborn child
H362	May cause harm to breast-fed children
H370	Causes damage to organs
H371	May cause damage to organs
H372	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
H373	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Environmental hazards
Code	Phrase
H400	Very toxic to aquatic life
H401	Toxic to aquatic life
H402	Harmful to aquatic life
H410	Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H411	Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H412	Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H413	May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life
H420	Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere

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CAS No.: 121239-75-6

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