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CAS No. : | 1696-20-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD00006171 |
Formula : | C6H11NO2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | KYWXRBNOYGGPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 129.16 | Pubchem ID : | 15543 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 9 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 0 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.83 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 2.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 36.94 |
TPSA : | 29.54 Ų |
GI absorption : | Low |
BBB permeant : | No |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -7.95 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 1.59 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | -1.22 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | -0.52 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | -0.41 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 0.67 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 0.02 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 1.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | 0.19 |
Solubility : | 202.0 mg/ml ; 1.56 mol/l |
Class : | Highly soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | 1.09 |
Solubility : | 1610.0 mg/ml ; 12.4 mol/l |
Class : | Highly soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -0.36 |
Solubility : | 56.0 mg/ml ; 0.434 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.34 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | Stage #1: at 20 - 80℃; for 2 h; Inert atmosphere Stage #2: Reflux |
Under argon protection, 11.2 g of acetic anhydride and 25.6 g were addedN - (2-methyl-4-oxapentan-2-yl) -3-morpholinopropionamideThe raw material is mixed with 250 ml of toluene, and the temperature is slowly increased from room temperature to 60 to 80 DEG C and stirred for 2 hours. After stirringMix and then add 0.2 g inhibitor BHT and 0.1 g cuprous chloride and 10.8 g triethylamine, and gradually warmed to reflux reactionNight, the reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product which was directly separated by silica gel column chromatography with hexane-ethyl acetate14.1 grams of purified pure acrylamide (85percent yield) and 9.8 grams of pure N-acetylmorpholine (76percent yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With silica gel for 0.025h; Microwave irradiation; neat (no solvent); | |
98% | With pyridine; aluminum oxide at 103 - 105℃; for 2h; microwave irradiation; | |
95% | With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In toluene for 0.2h; |
95% | Stage #1: morpholine; acetic anhydride In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With potassium carbonate In ethyl acetate at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
94% | With carbon-silica composite from starch (7.5 molpercent SO3H) at 60℃; for 4h; solvent-free conditions; | |
89% | With manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate In neat (no solvent) at 25℃; for 4h; | General procedure for acetylation General procedure: To a stirred mixture of alcohol/phenol/thiohenol/amine (1 mmol) and acetic anhydride(1.1 mmol), 0.01 mmol of MnCl24H2O was added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred until alcohol/phenol/thiohenol/amine was consumed, the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aq. NaHCO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate (10mL 3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was passed through a small pad of silica gel (eluent: hexane: ethyl acetate) to obtain pure acetates (acetamides were precipitated out/crystallized direct from the reaction mixture) and characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The data was found to be in accord with previously reported acetates. Characterization data and 1H NMR spectra can be found via the “SupplementaryContent” section of this article’s webpage. |
84% | With zinc(II) oxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | |
80% | With silica-supported ZnCl2 (30%) In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 4.5h; | |
77% | at 20℃; | |
68% | In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 0.216667h; Green chemistry; | Typical experimental procedure for thesynthesis of N-Acylated amines, amino alcohols and sulfonamides In a 50mL round-bottomed flask, a mixtureof amine or amino alcohol (1 mmol) and aceticanhydride (1.2 mmol) was stirred at roomtemperature for the appropriate time. Aftercompletion of the reaction, as monitored by TLC,the reaction mixture was dissolved in ether (5 mL)and was allowed to stand at room temperature for1 hour. During this time, crystal of product formed,which were collected by filtration.In the case of solid substrates(sulfonamides), the same protocol was used.However, the use of water was required for thesolubility of the mixture. The N-acylatedsulfonamides were collected by crystallization fromdiethyl ether. |
65% | In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 15h; | |
With water | ||
With pyridine for 4h; | 2-1 Dissolve morpholine (1 g, 11.5 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) along with acetic anhydride (10 mL, 100.0 mmol). After 4 hours remove the solvent under vacuum. Dissolve the residue in dichloromethane and first extract with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by a IN HCI solution extraction. Dry and reduce the organic layer to give 355 mg of an oil that is 1-MORPHOLIN-4-YL-ETHANONE which is carried without purification to the next step. Mix the l-morpholin-4-yl-ethanone (347 mg, 2.7 mmol) with Lawesson's reagent (652 mg, 1.6 mmol) in toluene and heat at 80°C for 4 hours. Remove the solvent in vacuo to give an oil. Dissolve the oil in ether and remove the solid precipitate by filtration. Add excess iodomethane (3 mL) and leave at room temperature for 17 hours. Collect the precipitate by filtration yielding 365 mg of solid. Combine this solid with (R)-(6-amino-2(R)-hydroxyindan-1-yl) carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (317 mg, 1.2 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL). After 24 hours remove the solvent in vacuo to give an oil. Dissolve the oil in dichloromethane and wash with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Dry the organic layer and reduce under vacuum to give a residue that is purified by chromatography eluting with 2% methanol in chloroform to give 224 mg of the titled COMPOUND. H-NMR (CDC13) 8 7.05 (IH, d), 6.55 (2H, M), 5.04 (1H, d), 4.85 (1H, t), 4.40 (1H, q), 4.28 (1H, s), 3.75 (4H, M), 3.45 (4H, M), 3.22 (1H, dd), 2.95 (1 H, dd), 1.84 (3H, s), 1.45 (9H, s). | |
99 %Chromat. | With C13H16NO6S2(1+)*HO4S(1-) at 25℃; for 0.0833333h; Green chemistry; | |
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 19.5h; | 80a; 80b In order to consume the morpholine contaminant, the above material was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (1.5 mL) and treated with Et3N (0.27 mL, 1.94 mmol) followed by acetic anhydride (0.10 mL, 1.06 mmol) and stirred at ambient condition for 18 hr. THF (1.0 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added and stirring continued for 1.5 hr. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, and the resultant residue was passed through MCX resin (MeOH wash; 2.0 N NH3/MeOH elution) to afford impure Cap-79 as a brown viscous oil, which was used for the next step without further purification. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With carbon disulfide; dmap; aluminum oxide In acetonitrile at 200℃; for 0.45h; Flow reactor; Green chemistry; | |
87% | With zinc(II) acetate dihydrate for 0.0333333h; Microwave irradiation; Sealed tube; chemoselective reaction; | |
86% | With hydrazine hydrate for 5h; Heating; |
86% | With 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfonylbutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate at 90℃; for 0.15h; Microwave irradiation; chemoselective reaction; | Typical procedure for N-acylation Amines (microwave irradiation): General procedure: A mixture of amines (0.01 mol), acetic acid (0.015 mol, 1 mL) and [BMIM(SO3H)][OTf] (50 mol %) was introduced into a Biotage microwave oven and heated for 6 to 9 minutes at 90oC. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and GC-MS. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled at room temperature and poured into ice water. The crystals of N-acylated product so obtained were filtered, washed with of cold ethanol-water mixture (10-15mL) and dried. |
83% | With diphenylsilane In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | |
35% | With Candida antarctica lipase B; 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate at 60℃; for 24h; Molecular sieve; Ionic liquid; Enzymatic reaction; | |
at 120℃; for 1.08333h; Large scale; | 1.3 3) Acetylmorpholine synthesis 827kg glacial acetic acid was vacuum-evacuated to the reactor for stirring. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and 1000kg of morpholine was added dropwise. The total time of dropwise addition was 60min. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the temperature was raised to 120°C to give acetylmorpholine |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With aluminum oxide at 200℃; for 0.45h; Sonication; Green chemistry; | 3.2. General Aspects of the CF Acetylation The CF acetylation reactions were carried out in a home-made flow reactor consisting of an HPLCpump (Jasco PU-987 Intelligent Prep. Pump), a stainless steel HPLC column as catalyst bed (internaldimensions 250mm L 4.6 ID 14in OD), a stainless steel preheating coil (internal diameter 1 mmand length 30 cm) and a commercially available backpressure regulator (Thalesnano back pressuremodule 300, Budapest, Hungary, to a maximum of 300 bar). Parts of the system were connectedwith stainless steel tubing (internal diameter 1 mm). The HPLC column was charged with 4 g of thealumina catalyst. It was then placed into a GC oven unit (Carlo Erba HR 5300 up to maximum a350 C). For the CF reactions, 100 mM solution of the appropriate starting material was prepared inacetonitrile. The solution was homogenized by sonication for 5 min and then pumped through theCF reactor under the set conditions. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture wascollected and the rest solvent was evaporated by a vacuum rotary evaporator. |
88% | With Bromotrichloromethane; [4,4′-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine-N1,N1′]bis{3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate at 20℃; for 12h; Irradiation; Inert atmosphere; | |
60% | With water In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 160℃; for 60h; |
With hydrogen sulfide; water |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With tetraphosphorus decasulfide; Hexamethyldisiloxane In chloroform for 0.75h; Heating; | |
78% | With tetraphosphorus decasulfide In dichloromethane for 5h; Heating; | |
37.5% | With diphosphorus pentasulfide In 1,4-dioxane at 100℃; for 1h; |
With carbon disulfide | ||
With diphosphorus pentasulfide In carbon disulfide | ||
With Lawessons reagent In toluene at 80℃; for 4h; | 2-1 Dissolve morpholine (1 g, 11.5 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) along with acetic anhydride (10 mL, 100.0 mmol). After 4 hours remove the solvent under vacuum. Dissolve the residue in dichloromethane and first extract with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by a IN HCI solution extraction. Dry and reduce the organic layer to give 355 mg of an oil that is 1-MORPHOLIN-4-YL-ETHANONE which is carried without purification to the next step. Mix the l-morpholin-4-yl-ethanone (347 mg, 2.7 mmol) with Lawesson's reagent (652 mg, 1.6 mmol) in toluene and heat at 80°C for 4 hours. Remove the solvent in vacuo to give an oil. Dissolve the oil in ether and remove the solid precipitate by filtration. Add excess iodomethane (3 mL) and leave at room temperature for 17 hours. Collect the precipitate by filtration yielding 365 mg of solid. Combine this solid with (R)-(6-amino-2(R)-hydroxyindan-1-yl) carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (317 mg, 1.2 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL). After 24 hours remove the solvent in vacuo to give an oil. Dissolve the oil in dichloromethane and wash with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Dry the organic layer and reduce under vacuum to give a residue that is purified by chromatography eluting with 2% methanol in chloroform to give 224 mg of the titled COMPOUND. H-NMR (CDC13) 8 7.05 (IH, d), 6.55 (2H, M), 5.04 (1H, d), 4.85 (1H, t), 4.40 (1H, q), 4.28 (1H, s), 3.75 (4H, M), 3.45 (4H, M), 3.22 (1H, dd), 2.95 (1 H, dd), 1.84 (3H, s), 1.45 (9H, s). | |
With Lawessons reagent In tetrahydrofuran at 55℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With ruthenium(III) 2,4-pentanedionate at 25℃; for 0.166667h; | |
94% | With carbon-silica composite from starch (7.5 molpercent SO3H) at 60℃; for 0.4h; solvent-free conditions; | |
94% | With hydroxyapatite supported copper(I) oxide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 0.0666667h; | General procedure for N-acetylation of amines usingHAP-Cu2O General procedure: To a mixture of amine (1 mmol), acetyl chloride (1 mmol)in acetonitrile (5 mL) were added hydroxyapatite -Cu2O(0.1 g) under air atmosphere. The reaction mixture wasrefluxed at 50 °C for an appropriate time. The progress ofthe reaction was monitored through TLC. Upon completionof the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled toroom temperature and filtered. The residue was washedwith water followed by EtOAc (3 × 10 mL). The productwas obtained after the removal of solvent under reducedpressure followed by crystallization from pet ether orEtOAc:pet ether or passing through column of silica andelution with EtOAc:pet ether. |
84% | With silica gel at 20℃; for 3h; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction; | |
81% | Stage #1: morpholine With potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: acetyl chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 48h; | |
With triethylamine In benzene at 0 - 20℃; | ||
In dichloromethane at 23℃; for 0.5h; | ||
In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; | ||
In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; | ||
In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; | ||
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; | ||
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With hydrogen In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 170℃; for 16h; | |
92.3 % Chromat. | With triethylsilane; ethyl iodide In toluene at 100℃; | |
With hydrogen In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 160℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; Molecular sieve; |
99 %Chromat. | With hydrogen In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 70℃; for 8h; Autoclave; Molecular sieve; chemoselective reaction; | |
94 %Chromat. | With 5 wt% Re/TiO2; hydrogen In octane at 180℃; for 24h; Autoclave; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79.5% | A solution of 2,4-dibromothiazole B.31 (5.0128 g, 20.63 mmol) in ether (52 mL) was cooled to -78 0C. To the cooled solution was added n-BuLi (1.6 M sol. in hexane, 14.2 mL, 22.72 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at -78 0C for 30 minutes. To the cooled mixture was then added dropwise N-acetylmorpholine (3.1 mL, 26.83 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -78 0C for 1.5 hours and then room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was diluted with ether (200 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (100 mL x 1), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 0% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexane as eluent to give 1 -(4- bromothiazol-2-yl)ethanone B.32 (3.383 g, 79.5% yield): 1H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) 5 ppm 7.59 (1 H, s), 2.73 (3 H, s); Mass Spectrum (ESI) m/e = 205.9 [M+l (79Br)] and 207.9 [M+l (81Br)]. | |
50% | To a solution of compound 21-2 (3.0 g, 12.35 mmol) in THF (25 ml) was added dropwise n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 2.5 ml) at -78 C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 C for 30 min. N-acetyl morpholine (1.9 ml, 16.06 mmol) was added dropwise during 15 min at -78 C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 C for 4 h, quenched with saturated NaHCO3 (15 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (25 ml x 4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 ml), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE : EA = 50 : 1 to 10 : 1) to afford 21-3 as a white solid (1.28 g, yield 50%). | |
50% | Compound 22-3 (0435) To a solution of compound 22-2 (3.0 g, 12.35 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added dropwise n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 2.5 mL) at -78 C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 C. for 30 min. N-acetyl morpholine (1.9 mL, 16.06 mmol) was added dropwise during 15 min at -78 C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 C. for 4 h, then quenched with sat. NaHCO3 (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL×4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EA=50:1 to 10:1) to afford 22-3-3 as a white solid (1.28 g, yield 50%). |
33% | To a stirring solution of 2, 4-dibromothiazole 84 (50 g, 205.82 mmol) in anhydrous THF (500 mL) under inert atmosphere was added n-butyllithium (193 mL, 308.74 mmol) dropwise for 30 min at -40 oC and stirred for 1 h at the same temperature. To this was added 1- morpholinoethan-1-one (32 g, 248 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) dropwise for 20 min at -40 oC and stirred for 3 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC; after completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted using EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude. The crude was purified through silica gel column chromatography using 1-2% EtOAc/ hexanes to afford compound 85 (14 g, 33%) as an off-white solid. TLC: 10% EtOAc/ hexanes (Rf: 0.8); 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): delta 8.33 (s, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H); LCMS Calculated for C5H4BrNOS: 204.92; LCMS observed: 208.0 (M+2)+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -10℃; for 1.5h; Stage #2: 4-methoxymethylsalicylate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 25℃; for 16h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #3: 1-bromo-4-methoxy-benzene With monophosphine 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1'-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #3: 4-bromo-phenol With [P(t-Bu3)]PdBr}2; potassium hydride In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #3: (4-bromophenyl)thioanisole With monophosphine 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1'-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #3: 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl bromide With monophosphine 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1'-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #3: 4-bromobenzenecarbonitrile With monophosphine 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1'-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 0℃; | |
78% | Stage #1: 3-(tetrahydropyran-2'-yloxy)propyne With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: 4-acetylmorpholine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0℃; for 1.4h; | |
78% | Stage #1: 3-(tetrahydropyran-2'-yloxy)propyne With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexanes at 0℃; for 0.583333h; Stage #2: 4-acetylmorpholine In tetrahydrofuran; hexanes at 0℃; for 1.4h; | 34 Example 34; To a stirred solution of tetrahydro-2-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-2H-pyran (21.01 g, 150 mmol) in THF (90 mL) was added nBuLi (1.6 M in hexanes, 92 mL) dropwise over 20 min at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After an additional 15 min at the same temperature, N-acetylmorpholine (5.8 mL, 50 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, and then the container that initially contained N-acetylmorpholine was rinsed with THF (2×1 mL) and added to the reaction mixture at the same temperature. After an additional 1.4 h at 0° C., the reaction mixture was cannulated into a flask containing AcOH (120 mL) and H2O (60 mL) 0° C., the reaction container was rinsed with Et2O (50 mL), and then the resulting layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (300 mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with Et2O (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (2.5×10% EtOAc in hexanes) on silica gel (600 mL) to afford 35 (7.141 g, 78%) as a colorless oil. Spectroscopic data for 35 were consistent with the literature (J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2151-2158). |
78% | Stage #1: 3-(tetrahydropyran-2'-yloxy)propyne With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexanes at 0℃; for 0.583333h; Stage #2: 4-acetylmorpholine In tetrahydrofuran; hexanes at 0℃; for 1.4h; | 34 To a stirred solution of tetrahydro-2-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-2H-pyran (21.01 g, 150 mmol) in THF (90 mL) was added "BuLi (1.6 M in hexanes, 92 mL) dropwise over 20 min at 0 0C under a nitrogen atmosphere. After an additional 15 min at the same temperature, JV-acetylmorpholine (5.8 mL, 50 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, and then the container that initially contained JV- acetylmorpholine was rinsed with THF (2 x 1 mL) and added to the reaction mixture at the same temperature. After an additional 1.4 h at 0 0C, the reaction mixture was cannulated into a flask containing AcOH (120 mL) and H2O (60 mL) 0 0C, the reaction container was rinsed with Et2O (50 mL), and then the resulting layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (30O mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with Et2O (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (2.5 - > 10% EtOAc in hexanes) on silica gel (600 mL) to afford 35 (7.141 g, 78%) as a colorless oil.[0145] Spectroscopic data for 35 were consistent with the literature (J. Org. Chem. 1983, 45, 2151-2158). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; | 4c EXAMPLE 4C : ALTERNATE SYNTHESIS OF 9-BROMO-2- (4-PYRIDIZYL)-4H-PYRIDO [1, 2-AJPYRINZIDIN- 4-ONE] A solution of ethyl isonicotinate (5.0 ml, 25.91 mmol) and [4-ACETYLMORPHOLINE] (3.0 ml, 25.91 mmol) in THF (25 ml) was treated with a solution of lithium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (7.0 g, 41.83 mmol) in THF (25 ml). The subsequent solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. The solution was filtered and washed with ether (3 x 50 ml). The filtrate was dissolved in water (100 ml), acidified with glacial acetic acid, extracted with [CH2C12] (3 x 30 ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated to dryness. The crude reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography [(SI02,] ethyl acetate) to yield compound 5 as a yellow tinged viscous oil which solidified on standing (3.6 g, 59%). 1H NMR [(CDC13,] [300MHZ)] combined NMR of ketone and enol ether 8 3.47-3. 57 (bm, 8H); 3.95 ans 5.77 (s, 1H); 7.44 and 7.61 (dd, J= 4.43, 1.62 Hz, 2H); 8.49 (bd, J= 5.93 Hz) and 8. 64 (dd, [J=] 4.44, 1.62 Hz) 2H. LCMS mlz [235 (M+ +] H). A mixture of 2-amino-3-bromo-5-methylpryidine (1.00 g, 4.30 mmol), compound 5 (1.20 g, 6.40 mmol) andp-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (203.0 mg, 1.07 mmol) in toluene (50 ml) was refluxed for 4 days. The toluene was removed in vacuo and the resulting crude reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography [(SITZ,] ethyl acetate) to give compound 5 as a yellow precipitate (0.66 g, 65%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95.1% | With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 160℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | 1-6 Example 2 A method for preparing N-acetylmorpholine includes the following steps:Put the metered morpholine and ethyl acetate into the reactor at a molar ratio of 1: 1.2, and replace with nitrogen to remove the oxygen in the reactor.And put 0.005 times the molar ratio of DBU ionic liquid catalyst,Closed reactor system,The reactor was stirred and heated to control the reaction temperature to 160 ° C.The reaction time is 10 hours,The pressure is maintained at normal pressure. After the reaction time is reached,Stop stirring and end the reaction to produce crude N-acetylmorpholine,The crude N-acetylmorpholine product is subjected to dealcoholization and dehydration treatment through a recovery tower, and the pressure of the recovery tower is adjusted to 100 KPa and the temperature is 100 ° C;Put the processed N-acetylmorpholine crude product at 70KPa,Distillation at 150 ° C to remove morpholine and ethyl acetate,Send the product after removing morpholine to 70KPa,Distillation in a rectifier at a temperature of 200 ° C,The N-acetylmorpholine fine product is obtained. |
66% | With carbonylhydrido[6-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethylene)-2-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)-1,6-dihydropyridine]ruthenium(II) In benzene at 135℃; for 36h; Inert atmosphere; | |
53% | With bromopentacarbonylmanganese(I); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; N,N-bis-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine In toluene at 90℃; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; |
39% | With Candida antarctica lipase B; 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate at 60℃; for 24h; Molecular sieve; Ionic liquid; Enzymatic reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
28% | Example 116A; tert-Butyl [6-chloro-3-acetylpyridin-2-yl]carbamate 0.65 g (2.9 mmol) of <strong>[159603-71-1]tert-butyl (6-chloropyridin-2-yl)carbamate</strong> (Example 105A) is introduced into 10 ml of THF and cooled to -50 C. 4.5 ml (7.2 mmol) of butyllithium (1.6 M) are added dropwise. After the dropwise addition is complete, the reaction is slowly warmed to -10 C. and kept at 0 C. for 2 h. It is then cooled to -40 C. again, and 740 mg (5.7 mmol) of N-acetylmorpholine dissolved in 4 ml of THF are added. The reaction solution is stirred at -40 C. for 1 h and then, at -40 C., poured into 1 l of ethyl acetate and 350 ml of ammonium chloride solution and extracted. The organic phase is separated off, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The reaction mixture is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile phase cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 2:1). 218 mg (28% of theory) of the product are obtained as an oil.LCMS (method 8): Rt=1.16 min. (m/z=269 (M-H)-) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60 %Chromat. | With tertamethylammonium iodide In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20 - 240℃; for 1.5h; Autoclave; | 2 Example 2 These experiments were performed with PdCl2 as a catalyst, TMAI as a promoter (TMAI:Pd=10) and NMP as the solvent. Firstly, a 50 mL autoclave is charged 0.45 mmol of PdCl2 and 4.3 mmol of TMAI. After the vessel is closed, it is flushed four times with carbon monoxide (10 bar). Then 17.5 mL of the reactant in NMP solution is added through a septum by means of syringe. The mixture is stirred vigorously for 10 minutes at room temperature and charged with 65 bar of carbon monoxide. The reaction mixture is heated to 240° C., unless stated otherwise in the table, in 24 minutes. At the end of the reaction, the mixture is cooled to 10° C., degassed properly and analyzed via GC. This example shows that our catalyst system can be used for the carbonylation of several tertiary amines. |
28 %Chromat. | With dipotassium tetracarbonylferrate; methyl iodide; neodymium(III) trifluoromethanesufonate In acetonitrile at 200℃; for 60h; Autoclave; Glovebox; chemoselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With zirconocene dichloride In cyclohexane at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | |
85% | With 10 wt. % sulfated polyborate In neat (no solvent) at 120℃; for 5h; Green chemistry; | Representative procedure for transamidation of carboxamides General procedure: A mixture of amine (2.0 mmol), carboxamide (2.4 mmol) and sulfated polyborate (10 wt.%) was heated at 120° C. The reaction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water; the precipitated solid was filtered at the vacuum pump, washed with water (3 x 5 mL), dried under vacuum and recrystallized from ethanol to afford the pure organic product. For liquid products (1g, 2e, and 3e), the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to get the crude products, which were purified by column chromatography using silica as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate/petroleum ether as the mobile phase. To recycle the catalyst, the aqueous quench and washes were saved and evaporated, then dried under vacuum. The solid thus obtained was treated as previously described43 and used in subsequent runs without significant loss of yield. |
83% | With 1,2,3-Benzotriazole In neat (no solvent) at 130℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
67% | With [Ru-NHC] In toluene at 110℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; | Representative procedure for transamidation reaction General procedure: A mixture of amide (5mmol), amine (5mmol), [Ru-NHC] complex (0.5mol%) and toluene (5mL) was stirred in a sealed tube under nitrogen atmosphere at 110°C for 8h. After cooling down to room temperature, the reaction solvent was removed under vacuum. After removal of the solvent, the crude reaction mixture was dissolved in CH2Cl2 and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (200-400mesh) eluting with heptane:ethanol [25:1] to give corresponding amides as a white solid. The yields are mentioned in Tables 3-5. The product was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Reported isolated yields are an average of two runs. |
52% | With <i>L</i>-proline In neat (no solvent) at 100℃; for 36h; Sealed tube; | |
81 %Chromat. | With C30H30N6O2(2+)*2ClO4(1-) In neat (no solvent) at 120℃; for 13h; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | 2.4. Typical transamidation procedure General procedure: The amide (5.0 mmol), amine (5.5 mmol), and dicationic IL cat-alyst DAFBimIL-3d (1.0 mmol) were loaded in a 50 mL RB flask and the mixture was stirred at required temperature for particular time under nitrogen atmosphere. Progress of the reactions was monitored by TLC. After completion of the reaction, the transamide products were extracted in ethyl acetate (3 × 15 mL) and filtered to recover the catalyst. Ethyl acetate was removed using rotary evaporator and the obtained crude transamide products were purified using column chromatography and characterized by NMR and Mass spectrometry. Finally, the filtered solid IL catalysts were washed thoroughly with ethyl acetate, dried in vacuum at 60C for 2 h and then reused for the next run. All the transamidation reactions have been carried out at least three times to ensure the reproducibility of our results and the precision of our yields are presented in the respective tables. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With tri-tert-butyl phosphine; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; nickel diacetate In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 12h; | 6 Example 6: Preparation of N-phenylpropionylmorpholine Under stirring conditions at room temperature, nickel acetate (17.7mg, 0.1mmol, 0.5mol%), tri-tert-butyl wins (40.5mg, 0.2mmol, 1mol%), tert-butanol clock (20mmol, 2.24g), benzyl alcohol (20mmol, 2.16g), acetylmorpholine (30mmol, 3.87g) and 1,4-dioxane (24mL), the round bottom flask is equipped with a spherical condenser, and the upper end of the condenser is inserted An empty balloon prevents air and moisture from entering and can indicate system pressure. The reaction requires vigorous stirring and heating in an oil bath at 80°C for 12 hours.After the reaction stopped, cool, add 10mL water to quench the reaction, extract three times with ethyl acetate (3x 15mL), combine the organic phases, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate and add it to a silica gel column, use petroleum ether and ethyl acetate Ester (volume ratio 4:1) was eluted to obtain pure product, white solid, yield 98%. The NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry data are as follows: |
95% | With tri-tert-butyl phosphine; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; nickel diacetate In 1,4-dioxane; toluene at 80℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; | |
94% | With C23H41MnNO2P2; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 125℃; for 18h; Schlenk technique; |
92% | With C19H26ClIrNOP; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 80℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | 2. General procedure for α-alkylation of amides General procedure: To a 5 mL dried Schlenk tube was added with iridium complex 1b (2.7 mg, 0.5 mol %), KOtBu (134 mg, 1.2 mmol), Benzyl alcohol 2a (103 µL, 1 mmol), and N,N-dimethylacetamide 3a (150 µL, 2.0 mmol) under an argon atmosphere, followed by toluene (1.0 mL). The flask was sealed tightly with a teflon plug under an argon atmosphere, and the solution stirred in a 80 °C oil bath for 12 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was removed under high vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and filtrated though celite. The filter was collected and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:4) to afford the product 4a, colorless oil, isolated yield: 92%, 160 mg. |
84% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Glovebox; | |
78% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; (carbonyl)(chloro)(hydrido)tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 140℃; for 18h; | |
78% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 164℃; for 6h; | |
76% | With C29H55IrN3P2(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 120℃; for 15h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | |
59% | With C23H21MnN2O3P(1+)*Br(1-); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In 1,4-dioxane at 130℃; for 15h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | |
32% | With C20H37ClN2OPRu; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 140℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1.95 g | An oven-dried 100 mL round-bottom flask was charged with a magnetic stirring bar, tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and lithium diisopropylamide (2.0M in hexanes, 6.7 mL, 13.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was magnetically stirred and cooled to 0 C. under argon gas. A solution of N-acetylmorpholine (6.75 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) was added, and the reaction was stirred at 0 C. for 1 hour. A solution of <strong>[95201-93-7]methyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxythiophene-2-carboxylate</strong> (4.22 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added dropwise over 5 minutes and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by the addition of aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid solution (20 mL). The resulting solution was transferred to a separatory funnel, diluted with water (80 mL), and extracted three times with dichloromethane (100 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1-(4-bromo-3-hydroxythiophen-2-yl)-3-morpholinopropane-1,3-dione (1.95 g, 5.83 mmol, 138% yield) as a brown solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With immobilization of Candida cylindracea lipase In hexane at 55℃; for 12h; | |
62% | With potassium hydroxide In water; acetone at 20 - 25℃; | 4-Acetylmorpholine (2) In a 100 mL round-bottomedfl ask (cooled in a water bath) equipped with a refl uxcondenser and a thermometer, 9.02 g (0.1 mole) ofmorpholine was added and 46.7 g (0.5 moles) of BA wasadded dropwise at such a rate that the temperature of thereaction mixture did not exceed 25°C . After feeding thevinyl acetate, the reaction mixture was left overnight. Thenext day, excess VA was distilled, and the remainder wasdistilled in a vacuum. Yield of 4-acetylmorpholine (2)8.02 g (62%), bp 92-98°C (1 mmHg), nD20 1.4760. IRspectrum, ν, cm-1: 1100 (C-O-C), 1640 (C = O). 1H NMRspectra, δ, ppm (J, Hz): 1.83 s (3H, CH3), 3.18-3.23 m(2H, O-CH2), 3.28-3.33 m (2H, O-CH2), 3.35-3.42 m(4H, 2N-CH2). 13C NMR spectra, δ, ppm: 20.42 (CH3),45.93 [N-(CH2)2], 65.97 [O-(CH2)2], 167.35 (C = O).Found, %: C 47.31, H 7.48, N 9.28. C6H11NO. Calculated,%: C, 47.05. H, 7.18, N, 9.15. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72.3% | With cobalt(II) chloride; sodium sulfite; zinc In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 200℃; for 7h; Autoclave; | Catalytic experiments General procedure: The catalytic reactions were carried out in a 250 mL stainlesssteel autoclave. In a typical experiment, CoCl2, Zn, Na2SO3, quaternaryammonium salt and NMP were charged into the autoclave.After purging four times with CO, the autoclave was pressurizedwith CO to 3.0 MPa, heated and kept at 200 C for 7 h. During thereaction, CO was added to maintain a total pressure of 4.0 MPa.After the reaction, autoclave was cooled by ice water and slowlydepressurized to atmospheric pressure. |
With palladium dichloride In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 190℃; for 8h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
28% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4-phenylindan-1-one In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Further stages; | 1.b b) Synthesis of 4-(2-(7-phenyl-1 H-inden-3-yl)ethyl)morpholine maleate To 4 mL of THF cooled to -78 <€, a solution of LDA (1 .5 M in THF, 2 mL, 2.95 mmol) was added, under argon atmosphere. Then, /V-acetylmorpholine (274 μ, 2.36 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at -78 ' for 1 h. Finally, a solution of 4-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-1 -one (246 mg, 1 .18 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was kept at -78 ' for 4 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 N HCI and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were dried over Na2S04 and evaporated to dryness. To a solution of the previous residue in CH2CI2 (12 mL) p-toluenesulfonic acid (30 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was basified with saturated NaHC03 aqueous solution and extracted with CH2CI2. The organic extract was dried over Na2S04 and evaporated to dryness. To a solution of the previous residue in THF (15 mL) cooled to 0 <€, AIH3-NMe2Et (0.5 M in toluene, 4.8 mL, 2.38 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 h. EtOAc:H20 (40 mL, 1 :1 ) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting suspension was filtered through Celite. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The organic extract, after being dried over Na2S04, was evaporated to dryness. A solution of the previous residue in 37% HCLEtOH (30 mL, 1 :1 ) was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness, dissolved in water, basified with KOH, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were dried with Na2S04 and evaporated to dryness. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc mixtures of increasing polarity as eluent) afforded the desired product (100 mg, 28%). The product was converted into the corresponding maleate salt by adding maleic acid (39 mg, 0.33 mmol) in acetone (0.6 mL), followed by filtration of the resulting solid and drying under vacuum. 1 H-NMR (DMSO-de, 300 MHz) δ: 7.60 (dd, J=8.4, 1 .5 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.40 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (dd, J=6.0, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.40 (s, 1 H), 6.04 (s, 2H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.31 (m, 8H), 2.95 (m, 2H) ppm. ESI(+)-HRMS: 306.1852 [M+H]+. |
28% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4-phenylindan-1-one In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 4h; Further stages; | 1.b b) Synthesis of 4-(2-(7-phenyl-1H-inden-3-yl)ethyl)morpholine maleate b) Synthesis of 4-(2-(7-phenyl-1H-inden-3-yl)ethyl)morpholine maleate To 4 mL of THF cooled to -78 °C, a solution of LDA (1.5 M in THF, 2 mL, 2.95 mmol) was added, under argon atmosphere. Then, N-acetylmorpholine (274 μL, 2.36 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 1 h. Finally, a solution of 4-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (246 mg, 1.18 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was kept at -78 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 N HCl and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness. To a solution of the previous residue in CH2Cl2 (12 mL) p-toluenesulfonic acid (30 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was basified with saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution and extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic extract was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness. To a solution of the previous residue in THF (15 mL) cooled to 0 °C, AlH3-NMe2Et (0.5 M in toluene, 4.8 mL, 2.38 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 h. EtOAc:H2O (40 mL, 1:1) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting suspension was filtered through Celite. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The organic extract, after being dried over Na2SO4, was evaporated to dryness. A solution of the previous residue in 37% HCl:EtOH (30 mL, 1:1) was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness, dissolved in water, basified with KOH, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were dried with Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc mixtures of increasing polarity as eluent) afforded the desired product (100 mg, 28%). The product was converted into the corresponding maleate salt by adding maleic acid (39 mg, 0.33 mmol) in acetone (0.6 mL), followed by filtration of the resulting solid and drying under vacuum. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) δ: 7.60 (dd, J=8.4, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J=6.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.04 (s, 2H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.31 (m, 8H), 2.95 (m, 2H) ppm. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; iron(II) acetate In decane; 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 80℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure for the iron catalyzed oxidative coupling of N-alky amide with azoles: General procedure: A tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1.5 mmol, 5-6 M decane) was dropped slowly for 5 minutes to a mixture of azole (0.5 mmol), Fe(OAc)2 (10 mol%) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (5.0 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE, 1.0 mL) in to the reaction mixture under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of the reaction, the resulting solution was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then filtered through silica gel bed using ethyl acetate and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate/methanol as an eluent to afford the corresponding products. The products were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopic analysis. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
57% | With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; | 62.b 1-(3-amino-2-chloropyridin-4-yI)-3-morpholin-4-yI-propane-1,3-dione Under argon and at room temperature, 6.76 ml (6.76 mmol) of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amidewere added dropwise to a solution of 484 il (4.19 mmol) of N-acetylmorpholine and 1.2 g(4.2 mmol) of methyl 3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-chloroisonicotinate in 10 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. For work-up, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=1 using 2N hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. LC-MS showed complete removal of the protective group. The mixture was extracted threetimes with in each case 50 ml of dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried with sodium sulphate and then concentrated to dryness. In this manner, 1-(3-amino-2-chloropyridin-4- yl)-3-morpholin-4-yl-propane-1,3-dione was obtained in a yield of 680 mg (57% of theory) as ayellow solid. ‘H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): 6 [ppm] = 3.49-3.52 (2H), 3.64-3.74 (6H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 6.73 (s, 2H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With trichlorophosphate In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 0 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: methyl 3-amino-2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylate In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 80℃; for 3h; | a methyl-2-chloro-3-[i-morpholin-4-yleth-(E)-ylideneamino]isonicotinate Under argon and at a temperature of 0°C, 2.44 ml (25.40 mmol) of phosphorus oxychioride were added to a solution of 2.17 ml (18.8 mmol) of N-acetylmorpholine in 12 ml of absolute dichloroethane. The yellow solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 mm. 1.75 g(9.39 mmol) of methyl 3-amino-2-chloroisonicotinate were then added. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 3 h. Dichloroethane was distilled off. Without work-up, the residue was purified by column chromatography [Puriflash silica gel 60 (80 g, 30 im); ethyl acetate/methanol 1:1, (300 ml)]. In this manner, methyl 2-chloro-3-[1-morpholin-4-yleth-(E)-ylideneamino]isonicotinate was obtained in a yield of 2.5 g (89% of theory) as a yellow oil. ‘H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): 6[ppm] = 1.79-1.84 (2H), 2.14 (3H), 3.66-67 (4H), 3.88-3.91 (4H), 3.93 (3H), 7.77 (1H), 8.56 (2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85.5% | With sodium hydroxide at 85 - 90℃; | 2 Preparation of Acryloylmorpholine To a 100 mL four-necked flask was added 4.62 g (0.036 mol) of acetylmorpholine, 11.62 g of formaldehyde solution(0.140 mol), catalyst NaOH 1.44 g (0.036 mol) was added and the temperature was maintained at 85 ° C to 90 ° C for 15 to 20 hours.Enamorpholine crude. After completion of the reaction, 30 ml of cyclohexane was added to azeotropically dehydrated, the NaOH was removed by filtration, and finally 0.012 gP-hydroxyanisole (0.0001 mol) was distilled under reduced pressure to give 4.32 g of acryloylmorpholine in a yield of 85.5% and a purity of 98.3%. |
20.7% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In water at 120℃; for 3h; | 4-7; 2 Examples 4 to 7 General procedure: Example 4 containing N, N-disubstituted carboxylic acid amide (amide compound) shown in Table 1, paraformaldehyde (PFA), and basic catalyst shown in Table 1 in proportions (molar amounts) shown in Table 1 Raw material solutions of 7 were prepared respectively. While stirring the obtained raw material solutions of Examples 4 to 7,The liquid phase reaction was carried out under the nitrogen gas atmosphere under the reaction conditions (temperature and time) shown in Table 1.The structures of the reaction products of Examples 4 to 7 thus obtained were identified and quantified in the same manner as Example 1. Using the results, the yield of the N, N-disubstituted α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid amides in Examples 4 to 7 was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.The reaction product of Examples 4 to 6 was 4-acryloyl morpholine. Also, the reaction product of Example 7 was N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sodium amide In toluene at 110℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: benzoylferrocene In toluene at 110℃; for 12h; | 2 2.2.1.2 Synthesis of (E)-3-ferrocenyl-1-morpholino-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (1) [14] A solution of N-acetylmorpholine (230.8 μL, 2.0 mmol) and sodium amide (85.8 mg, 2.2 mmol) in toluene (2.5 mL) was stirred at 110° C for 30 min. Then compound 1a (372.0 mg, 2.0 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added to the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred at 110° C for 12 h and washed with water (3 * 5 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 1 as an orange-red solid (77.0%): mp 152-154° C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.37 (m, 5H, Ph), 6.30 (s, 1H, CH), 4.36-4.33 (m, 2H, C5H4), 4.32-4.28 (m, 2H, C5H4), 4.13 (s, 5H, C5H5), 3.41 (dd, J = 22.4, 3.1 Hz, 4H, OC2H4), 3.18 (s, 2H, CH2N), 3.01 (s, 2H, CH2N); 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.5, 146.3, 138.5, 128.7, 128.3128.2, 116.4, 83.8, 77.4, 77.1, 76.8, 69.7, 67.8, 66.4, 46.8, 41.6; HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C23H23FeNO2 [M+H]+: 401.1078, found 401.1073. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sodium amide In toluene at 110℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: (3,4-dimethoxy)benzoylferrocene In toluene at 110℃; for 12h; | 2 2.2.1.2 Synthesis of (E)-3-ferrocenyl-1-morpholino-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (1) [14] General procedure: A solution of N-acetylmorpholine (230.8 μL, 2.0 mmol) and sodium amide (85.8 mg, 2.2 mmol) in toluene (2.5 mL) was stirred at 110° C for 30 min. Then compound 1a (372.0 mg, 2.0 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added to the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred at 110° C for 12 h and washed with water (3 * 5 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 1 as an orange-red solid (77.0%) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With sodium amide In toluene at 110℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: ferrocenecarboxaldehyde In toluene at 110℃; for 12h; | 2 2.2.1.2 Synthesis of (E)-3-ferrocenyl-1-morpholino-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (1) [14] General procedure: A solution of N-acetylmorpholine (230.8 μL, 2.0 mmol) and sodium amide (85.8 mg, 2.2 mmol) in toluene (2.5 mL) was stirred at 110° C for 30 min. Then compound 1a (372.0 mg, 2.0 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added to the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred at 110° C for 12 h and washed with water (3 * 5 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 1 as an orange-red solid (77.0%) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 83% 2: 85% | Stage #1: N,N'-bis(morpholinopropionyl)piperazine; acetic anhydride In toluene at 20 - 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; triethylamine for 12h; Reflux; | 5 Example 5: Under argon atmosphere, 17.8 g of benzyl bromide and 23 g of morpholinopropionyl morpholine were mixed with 250 ml of toluene, and the temperature was gradually increased from room temperature to 60 to 80 degrees Celsius and stirred for 2 hours. After stirring 0.2 grams of inhibitor BHT and 11.1 grams were addedTriethylamine, and gradually warmed to reflux for 12 hours, the reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product was directly purified by silica gel column chromatographyElution with hexane-ethyl acetate gave 10.8 g of pure (in 77% yield) of acryloylmorpholine and pure N-benzylmorpholine14.9 g (84% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | Stage #1: N-morpholinopropionyldiethanolamine; acetic anhydride In toluene at 20 - 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; triethylamine Reflux; | 8 Example 8: Under argon, 33.1 grams of acetic anhydride and 24.6 grams were addedMorpholinopropionylethanolamine is mixed with 250 ml of toluene,Plus gradual increase from room temperature to 60-80 degrees Celsius reaction was stirred for 2 hours, then add 0.3 g of polymerization inhibitor BHT28.5 g of triethylamine was added and the temperature was raised to reflux overnight. After the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the crude product was mixed with 24 g of potassium carbonate and 140 ml of methanol. After 2 hours at room temperature, the mixture was concentrated again under reduced pressure. The crude product was diluted with hexane After filtration on celite, the filtrate was concentrated and directly purified by column chromatography on silica gel with hexane-ethyl acetate to give 12.5 g of pure acryloyldiethanolamine (79% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 81.7% 2: 67% | Stage #1: N-morpholinopropionylethanolamine; acetic anhydride In toluene at 20 - 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; triethylamine Reflux; | 9 Example 9: Under argon, 22.4 g of acetic anhydride and 20.2 g of morpholinopropionylethanolamine were mixed with 200 ml of toluene and added withFrom room temperature slowly rose to 60-80 degrees Celsius reaction was stirred for 2 hours after adding 0.2 g of polymerization inhibitor BHT and 20.5G triethylamine, gradually warmed to reflux overnight, the reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product and 13.8 g of potassium carbonate and150 ml of methanol were mixed, reacted at room temperature for 2 hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure again. The crude product was diluted with hexane and diluted on celiteFiltration and concentration of the filtrate followed by silica gel column chromatography eluting with hexane-ethyl acetate gave 9.4 g of acryloylethanolaminePure product (81.7% yield) and pure N-acetylmorpholine 8.6g (67% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 86% 2: 84% | Stage #1: 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propionamide; acetic anhydride In toluene at 20 - 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; triethylamine Reflux; | 10 Example 10: Under argon, 11.3 g of acetic anhydride and 15.8 g of morpholinopropionamide were mixed with 200 ml of toluene,The temperature was slowly raised to 60-80 degrees Celsius and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours. Under stirring, 0.2 g of inhibitor BHT and 10.9 gTriethylamine, and gradually heated to reflux overnight, the reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product directly on a silica gel column chromatographySeparation with hexane-ethyl acetate gave 6.1 g of pure acrylamide (86% yield) and 10.9 g of pure N-acetylmorpholine(84% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | Stage #1: N-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanamide; acetic anhydride In toluene at 20 - 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; triethylamine Reflux; | 11 Example 11: Under argon protection, 11.2 g of acetic anhydride and 25.6 g were addedN - (2-methyl-4-oxapentan-2-yl) -3-morpholinopropionamideThe raw material is mixed with 250 ml of toluene, and the temperature is slowly increased from room temperature to 60 to 80 DEG C and stirred for 2 hours. After stirringMix and then add 0.2 g inhibitor BHT and 0.1 g cuprous chloride and 10.8 g triethylamine, and gradually warmed to reflux reactionNight, the reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product which was directly separated by silica gel column chromatography with hexane-ethyl acetate14.1 grams of purified pure acrylamide (85% yield) and 9.8 grams of pure N-acetylmorpholine (76% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | Under argon, 11.5 grams of acetic anhydride and 24.3 grams were addedN - (3- (dimethylamino) propane) -3-morpholinopropionylmorpholineMixed with 250 ml of toluene, and then added slowly from room temperature to 60-80 degrees Celsius, the reaction was stirred for 2 hours, followed by stirringInto 0.2 g of inhibitor BHT and 0.1 g of cuprous chloride and 10.8 g of triethylamine, the reaction was gradually warmed to reflux overnight, and the reactionThe system was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product which was directly isolated on silica gel with hexane-ethyl acetate to give 12.8 gPurified acrylamide (82% yield) and 10.4 g (81% yield) of pure N-acetylmorpholine. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 95% 2: 84% | Stage #1: β-morpholinyl-N,N-morpholinylpropionic acid amide; acetic anhydride In toluene at 20 - 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine for 18h; Reflux; | 1 Example 1: Under argon protection, 11 g of acetic anhydride and 10 ml of toluene were added to a 1-liter three-necked flask. 23 g of morpholinopropionyl morpholine was added dropwise to a solution of 23 ml of toluene at room temperature, After raising the temperature to 60-80 ° C and stirring for 2 hours, 0.2 g of polymerization inhibitor BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) and 13 g of diisopropylethylamine were further added, and the temperature was gradually raised to reflux for 18 hours , The reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure, and 27.4 g of a crude liquid was obtained after decolorization with activated carbon. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that acrylamide contained 53% of acryloylmorpholine and 45% of N-acetylmorpholine. Silica gel column chromatography gave 13.4 g of purified pure acryloylmorpholine (95% yield) and 10.9 g of pure N-acetylmorpholine (84% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; Stage #2: sodium 4-methoxybenzenesulfinate With N-iodo-succinimide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; | 2. General procedure for synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and formamides General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 °C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; Stage #2: sodium 4-nitrobenzenesulfinate With N-iodo-succinimide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; | 2. General procedure for synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and formamides General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 °C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; Stage #2: sodium naphthalene-1-sulfinate With N-iodo-succinimide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; | 2. General procedure for synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and formamides General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 °C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; Stage #2: sodium 4-methylbenzenesulfinate With N-iodo-succinimide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; | 2. General procedure for synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and formamides General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 °C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; Stage #2: sodium benzenesulfonate With N-iodo-succinimide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; | 2. General procedure for synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and formamides General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 °C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 164℃; for 6h; | |
55% | With C15H25Cl2N3NiO3; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In octane at 110℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | |
54% | With MnBr(CO)2[NH(CH2CH2P(Cy)2)2]; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 110℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
46.9% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 1.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: rac-3-bromocyclohexene In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 2.25h; Inert atmosphere; | Procedure for C3-C7 bridged aminoCP 1k N-Acetyl morpholine (S1; 250 mg, 1.94 mmol) was dissolved in 5.0 mL dry THF in a dry flask under N2 beforecooling to 0 °C (ice/water). LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 2.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) was added dropwise down the side of thevial over 2 min, then the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 75 min. In a separate dry flask kept underinert atmosphere, 3-bromocyclohexene (0.30 mL, 2.61 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL dry THF. The enolate solutionwas then cannulated into the bromide solution slowly down the side of the vial over the course of 105 min. Transferwas quantified with two rinses of 0.5 mL dry THF. The mixture was stirred at room temp for 30 min before quenchingwith 15 mL 1:1 sat. NaHCO3:sat. Na2S2O3. Mixture was diluted with 15 mL ether, and the phases were separated. Theaqueous phase was then extracted with 15 mL portions of ether three times. Combined organics were washed with 15mL brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a slightly yellow oil.This crude residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica (10 to 60% ethyl acetate:hexanes, increasing in10% increments; residue was loaded with PhMe). The desired mono-alkylated product was afforded as a white solid(190 mg, 46.9% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
47.4% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-methyl-3-bromo-1-propene In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | Procedure for aminoCP 1aa N-Acetyl morpholine (S1, 0.31 mL, 2.66 mmol) was dissolved in 3.3 mL dry THF in a dry flask under N2, beforecooling to 0 °C (ice/water). LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 2.8 mL, 2.8 mmol) was added dropwise down the side of thevial over 2 min, then the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 1 hr. In a separate dry flask kept under inertatmosphere, methallyl bromide (0.36 mL, 3.59 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL dry THF. The enolate solution wasthen cannulated into the bromide solution slowly down the side of the vial over the course of 2.5 hrs. Transfer wasquantified with two rinses of 1 mL dry THF. The mixture was stirred at room temp for 30 min before quenching with20 mL 1:1 sat. NaHCO3:sat. Na2S2O3. The mixture was diluted with 20 mL ether, and the phases were separated. Theaqueous phase was then extracted with 20 mL portions of ether three times. Combined organics were washed with 20mL brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered to remove solids, and concentrated in vacuo to afford aslightly yellow oil. This crude residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica (20 to 70% ethylacetate:hexanes, increasing in 10% increments; residue was loaded with PhMe). The desired mono-alkylated productwas afforded as a yellow oil (231 mg, 47.4% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 77.1% 2: 13% | Stage #1: 4-acetylmorpholine With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: prenyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | Procedure for aminoCP 1a N-Acetyl morpholine (S1, 1.50 mL, 13.0 mmol) was dissolved in 35 mL dry THF in a dry flask under N2, beforecooling to 0 °C (ice/water). LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 13.6 mL, 13.6 mmol) was added dropwise down the side of thevial over 5 min, then the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 1 hr. In a separate dry flask kept under inertatmosphere, prenyl bromide (2.0 mL, 17.5 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL dry THF. The enolate solution was thencannulated into the bromide solution slowly down the side of the vial over the course of 2.5 hrs. Transfer wasquantified with two rinses of 2.5 mL dry THF. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at room tempfor 30 min before quenching with 100 mL 1:1 sat. NaHCO3:sat. Na2S2O3. The mixture was diluted with 100 mL ether,and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was then extracted with 100 mL portions of ether three times.Combined organics were washed with 100 mL brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered to removesolids, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a slightly yellow oil. This crude residue was purified by flashchromatography over silica (20 to 70% ethyl acetate:hexanes, increasing in 10% increments; residue was loaded withPhMe). Two major spots were present by TLC analysis; both were collected cleanly after chromatography. The firstwas obtained as a clear, colorless oil and determined to be the bis-prenylated amide by 1H NMR (447 mg, 13.0%yield). The second spot was revealed to be the desired mono-prenylated product by 1H NMR, affording 1.97 g of aclear, colorless oil (77.1% yield). 1H NMR line-listings are provided for both intermediates below. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83.2% | Stage #1: 2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole With 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinylmagnesium chloride lithium chloride complex In tetrahydrofuran at 25 - 30℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 4-acetylmorpholine In tetrahydrofuran for 2.5h; | 9 General procedure: (2) 1.2 mol of TMPMgCl·LiCl (2.5 M in THF) was dissolved in 3 times by weight of THF.Control temperature is 25-30 °C,Add dropwise to the 3-fold weight THF solution of intermediate b, after about 1 hour of reaction,The reaction solution was added dropwise to 1.4 mol of N,N-dimethylacetamide and 2 times by weight of THF solution, and added dropwise for 0.5 h, followed by incubation for 2 h.The mixture was diluted with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the reaction solution was spun dry.Filtered and recrystallized from 3 times by weight of ethanol.Acetylation intermediate 2 is obtained. The yield was 70.7% and the purity was 99.11%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86.3% | General procedure: (2) To a solution of 4 times by weight of THF in Intermediate a, start adding 1.2 mol of n-butyllithium THF solution to control the temperature.After about 1 h of reaction at -70 to -60 C, the reaction solution was added dropwise to 1.4 mol of N,N-dimethylacetamide and 1 time by weight of THF.In the liquid, add 0.5h and then keep warm for 2h, add dilute hydrochloric acid to quench it, spin the reaction solution, filter, and use 3 times weight of methanolcrystallization,Acetylation intermediate 1 is obtained.The yield is 70.6%,The purity is 99.15%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sulfur; triethylamine; sodium hydroxide In water at 120℃; for 4h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 4 Add substrate 2-thiophene formaldehyde 0.2mmol (23mg), S8 0.2mmol (51mg) to 25mL Shrek tube,4-acetylmorpholine 0.6mmol (75mg), sodium hydroxide 20mg (2.5eq.),Triethylamine 51mg (2.5eq.), 1mL water, add magnet,Replace the nitrogen, heat up to 120°C, stir and react for 4h. After the reaction, the reaction tube was cooled to room temperature, 50 mL of saturated brine was added, extracted with dichloromethane (3*50 mL) three times, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added for drying for 30 minutes, and then the low boiling point solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator. Then, the reaction mixture was separated and purified by column chromatography (30*300mm) (eluent: n-hexane: dichloromethane=1:2) to obtain the target product with a yield of 95%. |
85% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With sulfur; triethylamine; potassium hydroxide In water at 90℃; for 8h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 5 Add the substrate 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 0.2mmol (22mg), S8 0.2mmol (51mg) to the 25mL Shrek tube,4-acetylmorpholine 1.2mmol (155mg), potassium hydroxide 45mg (4eq.), triethylamine 81mg (4eq.),1mL of water, add magnets, replace nitrogen, heat up to 90°C, stir and react for 8h.After the reaction,The reaction tube was cooled to room temperature, 50 mL of saturated brine was added, extracted with dichloromethane (3*50 mL) three times, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to dry for 30 min, and then the low boiling point solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator. Then, the reaction mixture was separated and purified by column chromatography (30*300mm) (eluent: n-hexane: dichloromethane=1:2) to obtain the target product with a yield of 97%. |
25% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
42% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine; In water; at 120℃; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With sulfur; caesium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 80℃; for 17h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 3 Add substrate 2-naphthaldehyde 0.2mmol (32mg), S8 0.2mmol (51mg), 4-acetylmorpholine 0.8mmol (104mg), cesium carbonate 228mg (3.5eq.), triethylamine to 25mL Shrek tube 71mg (3.5eq.), 1mL of water, add magnets, replace nitrogen, heat to 80°C, stir and react for 17h. After the reaction, the reaction tube was cooled to room temperature, 50 mL of saturated brine was added, extracted with dichloromethane (3*50 mL) three times, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added for drying for 30 minutes, and then the low boiling point solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator. Then, the reaction mixture was separated and purified by column chromatography (30*300mm) (eluent: n-hexane: dichloromethane=1:2) to obtain the target product with a yield of 93%. |
90% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 120℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 4.1. Typical procedure for the thioamides General procedure: A 25mL Schlenk tube was charged with S8 (51.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), TEA (30.4 mg, 0.3 mmol), Na2CO3 (31.8 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2 (121.1 mg, 1 mmol), 1 (24.1 mg, 0.2 mmol), H2O (1 mL), and N2, and then the resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. After evaporation of the solvent under vacuum, the residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel to afford products 3a-3n, 4a-4p. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With sulfur; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In water at 100℃; for 8h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Add the substrate 4-methoxybenzaldehyde 0.2mmol (28mg), S8 0.2mmol (51mg), N-formylmorpholine 1mmol (115mg), sodium carbonate 32mg (1.5eq.), three to the 25mL Shrek tube. 31mg (1.5eq.) of ethylamine, 1mL of water, add magnets, replace nitrogen, heat to 120°C, and stir for 12h. After the reaction, the reaction tube was cooled to room temperature, 50 mL of saturated brine was added, extracted with dichloromethane (3*50 mL) three times, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added for drying for 30 minutes, and then the low boiling point solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator. Then, the reaction mixture was separated and purified by column chromatography (30*300mm) (eluent: n-hexane: dichloromethane=1:2) to obtain the target product with a yield of 99%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 4h; Electrochemical reaction; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | Stage #1: 1-phenylimidazole With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4-acetylmorpholine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With 10 wt. % sulfated polyborate In neat (no solvent) at 120℃; for 8h; Green chemistry; | Representative procedure for transamidation of carboxamides General procedure: A mixture of amine (2.0 mmol), carboxamide (2.4 mmol) and sulfated polyborate (10 wt.%) was heated at 120° C. The reaction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water; the precipitated solid was filtered at the vacuum pump, washed with water (3 x 5 mL), dried under vacuum and recrystallized from ethanol to afford the pure organic product. For liquid products (1g, 2e, and 3e), the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to get the crude products, which were purified by column chromatography using silica as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate/petroleum ether as the mobile phase. To recycle the catalyst, the aqueous quench and washes were saved and evaporated, then dried under vacuum. The solid thus obtained was treated as previously described43 and used in subsequent runs without significant loss of yield. |
Tags: 1696-20-4 synthesis path| 1696-20-4 SDS| 1696-20-4 COA| 1696-20-4 purity| 1696-20-4 application| 1696-20-4 NMR| 1696-20-4 COA| 1696-20-4 structure
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