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CAS No. : | 19853-09-9 | MDL No. : | MFCD00075454 |
Formula : | C13H11Br | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | SEXZHJJUKFXNDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 247.13 | Pubchem ID : | 263365 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 14 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 12 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.08 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 2 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 0.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 64.71 |
TPSA : | 0.0 Ų |
GI absorption : | Low |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -4.89 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.57 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 4.11 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 4.1 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 4.54 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 4.57 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 3.98 |
Lipinski : | 1.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 1.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -4.46 |
Solubility : | 0.00849 mg/ml ; 0.0000344 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -3.82 |
Solubility : | 0.0377 mg/ml ; 0.000153 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -6.18 |
Solubility : | 0.000165 mg/ml ; 0.000000667 mol/l |
Class : | Poorly soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 1.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 2.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 2.19 |
Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 8 |
Precautionary Statements: | P280-P305+P351+P338-P310 | UN#: | 3265 |
Hazard Statements: | H314 | Packing Group: | Ⅱ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sulfuric acid; sodium hydrogencarbonate; In water; hydrogen bromide; | A. Preparation of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl A stirred solution of 58.9 g (0.319 mole) of <strong>[2928-43-0]2-biphenylmethanol</strong> and 6 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in 67 ml of aqueous 48% hydrobromic acid was heated under reflux for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, poured into ice-water, and the resulting mixture extracted with three portions of 100 ml each of diethyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with 50 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, then with 50 ml of water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give 76.8 g of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl as a residual oil. The nmr and ir spectra were consistent with the proposed structure. | |
With sulfuric acid; sodium hydrogencarbonate; In water; hydrogen bromide; | A. Preparation of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl A stirred solution of 58.9 g (0.319 mole) of <strong>[2928-43-0]2-biphenylmethanol</strong> and 6 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in 67 ml of aqueous 48% hydrobromic acid was heated under reflux for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, poured into ice-water, and the resulting mixture extracted with three portions of 100 ml each of diethyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with 50 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, then with 50 ml of water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give 76.8 g of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl as a residual oil. The nmr and ir spectra were consistent with the proposed structure. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96.5% | With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; N-Bromosuccinimide In cyclohexane at 50℃; for 4h; | 1.a; 3.a; 4.a a. Preparation of bromoalkylbiphenyl 2-methylbiphenyl (16.8 g, 99.8 mmol) was added to the reaction flask.Cyclohexane (50 ml), N-bromosuccinimide (26.7 g, 150 mmol),Catalyst hydrogen peroxide tert-butyl (1.8 g, 20 mmol), stirred and heated,The reaction was carried out at 50 ° C for 4 hours, and after the reaction was completed, suction filtration was carried out.The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to recover the organic solvent.Obtained 23.8 g of liquid bromoalkylbiphenyl in yellow oil.The yield was 96.5% |
91.2% | With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; N-Bromosuccinimide In cyclohexane at 42 - 45℃; for 2h; Green chemistry; | Synthesis of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (3) Briefly, 2-methyl-1,1′-biphenyl (13.9 g, 83 mmol), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS,19.6 g, 110 mmol), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 1.8 g, 20 mmol) were dissolved in cyclohexane (80 mL). Then, above mixture was heated to 42 °C and maintainedat 42-45 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the formed succinic imide was removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated under vacuum to yield compound 3 as light yellow oily liquid (18.7 g, 91.2 % in yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 7.45 (m, 9 H, ArH),4.87 (s, 2H, CH2). |
85% | With N-Bromosuccinimide In tetrachloromethane for 3h; Irradiation; |
72% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In tetrachloromethane at 90℃; for 5h; | 1.2 5.00g (0.030mol) 2-phenyltoluene, 6.41g (0.036mol) N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), 0.10g azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in 120mL carbon tetrachloride , Slowly heated to 90°C and refluxed for 5h, then cooled to room temperature.The solid was filtered and washed with dichloromethane, the filtrate was combined, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the organic matter was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 5.30 g of light yellow liquid at 128° C. and 0.1 mmHg.The liquid product is subjected to mass spectrometry.The product is 2-phenylbenzyl bromide.Yield: 72%. |
69% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In tetrachloromethane Reflux; | 6 A mixture of 2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl (0.8 g, 4.76 mmol), NBS (0.85 g, 4.76 mmol), AIBN (0.02 g) and tetrachloromethane (25 ml) was refluxed and monitored by Thin-Layer Chromatography until the reaction was over. The excessive tetrachloromethane was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residual was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:10; silica gel: 100-140 mesh, Qingdao Marine Chemical Co., Ltd.) to obtain 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (0.81 g) with yield of 69%. |
With tetrachloromethane; N-Bromosuccinimide | ||
With tetrachloromethane; bromine; iodine Irradiation; | ||
With N-Bromosuccinimide In tetrachloromethane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
18-crown-6 ether; In water; acetonitrile; | a 2-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylacetonitrile 2-(Bromomethyl)biphenyl (1.35 g, 5.48 mmol), potassium cyanide (368 mg, 5.65 mmol), and a catalytic amount of 18-crown-6 ether were added to acetonitrile (10 ml), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 5 days. The reaction mixture was added with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried over magnesium sulfate. Insoluble solids were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate-hexane) to obtain the title compound as colorless solid (1.07 g, yield: quantitative). 1H-NMR(CDCl3): 7.3-7.5(6H,m), 7.2-7.3(3H,m), 3.63(2H,s) | |
With potassium cyanide; | 2-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-yl)acetonitrile (I-69) A round bottom flask was charged with 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (0.37 mL, 2 mmol, 1 eq), solvent mixture dioxane/EtOH/H2O (2:2:1, 6 mL) and KCN (260 mg, 4 mmol, 2 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at reflux. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organics are washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0.5% -> 5% EtOAc/pentane) to provide the product (400 mg, 2.0 mmol, 99%). TLC: Rf = 0.6 (3% EtOAc/pentane). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta 7.59 - 7.12 (m, 9H), 3.57 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) delta 141.72, 139.78, 130.35, 128.86, 128.84, 128.59, 128.12, 127.68, 118.23, 21.92. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | In ethyl acetate at 32℃; for 3h; | Synthesis of N,N,N-trimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-methanaminium bromide (4) Briefly, 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (16.8 g, 67.9 mmol) and trimethylamine (4.42 g, 74.7 mmol) were dissolved in ethyl acetate (60 mL) and the resultingmixture was stirred at 32 °C for 3 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and evaporated under vacuum to give compound 4 as white solid (21.5 g, 98.0 % in yield). m.p. 221.5-223.7 °C (lit. [7], m.p. 220-225 °C). 1H NMR (300MHz, D2O): δ (ppm) 7.35 (m, 9 H, ArH), 4.51 (br s, 2H, CH2),2.65 (br s, 9H, CH3). |
97.1% | In ethyl acetate at 40℃; for 5h; | 1.b; 3.b; 4.b b. Preparation of biphenyl quaternary ammonium salt The above bromo 2-methylbiphenyl (20 g, 81.0 mmol) was added to the reaction flask.Ethyl formate (60 ml), trimethylamine (10.0 g, 170.0 mmol),Stir and heat to 40 ° C for 5 hours, after the reaction is over,The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white product, benzene,The yield was 97.1%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With sodium azide; sodium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 48h; | 2 Intermediate 2: 2-Biphenylylmethyl azideTo a solution of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (1.5 g, 6 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL) was added sodium azide (0.59 g, 9 mmol) and a catalytic amount of sodium iodide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. After concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine (2 x 60 mL), dried on sodium sulphate and after filtration was evaporated to dryness to give the title compound as an oil (1.1 g, 87%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3, ppm) δ: 7.56-7.38 (m, 9H), 4.37 (s, 2H). |
87% | With sodium azide; sodium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 48h; | Intermediate 5: 2-Biphenylylmethyl azide To a solution of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (1.5g, 6mmol) in DMSO (15ml_), sodium azide (0.59g, 9mmol) and a catalytic amount of sodium iodide was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. After concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine (2χ60ml), dried on sodium sulphate and after filtration was evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (1.1 g, 87%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3, ppm) δ: 7.56-7.38 (m, 9H), 4.37 (s, 2H). |
85% | With sodium azide In water; acetone at 20℃; |
83% | With sodium azide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
With sodium azide In ethanol | ||
529.2 mg | With sodium azide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 0 - 20℃; for 16.5h; | |
With sodium azide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 30℃; for 12h; | ||
With sodium azide In water; acetone at 20℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With cesium hydroxide; (2R,5R,1'S)-1-(9-anthracenyl)methyl-5-ethylene-2-<1-benzyloxy-1-(quinol-4-yl)>methyl-1-azoniabicyclo<2.2.2>octane bromide In diethyl ether; dichloromethane at -65℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Stage #1: 7-chloro-1-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,4]diazepin-2-one With N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane for 0.25h; Stage #2: With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane for 0.25h; Stage #3: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 10h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | Stage #1: 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical With naphthalene; sodium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide With 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | In toluene at 65℃; for 0.75h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 2.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | Stage #1: (11aS)-(+)-10-di(p-anisyl)methyl-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-5,11-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine; 2-phenylbenzyl bromide With N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide In tetrahydrofuran at -100℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: With potassium hexamethylsilazane In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -100℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | Stage #1: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide With potassium carbonate; tiolacetic acid In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: With methanol In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: alcohol 2: diluted KOH-solution | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: acetone / Reflux 2: acetyl chloride / methanol / 2 h / 20 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In 1,4-dioxane at 40℃; for 0.25h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With potassium hydroxide; potassium carbonate In butanone for 5h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With cesium hydroxide; tetrabutylammomium bromide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With cesium hydroxide In hexane; dichloromethane at -40℃; for 20h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; | 4.1.A To a stirred solution of 2-phenylbenzylbromide (approximately 1.9 g or 7.8 mmol ; Aldrich) in anhydrous THF (approximately 10 mL; ALDRICH) under nitrogen at room temperature can be added lithium diphenylphosphide (approximately 1.5 g pr 7.8 mmol ; prepared from n-butyllithium (Aldrich) and diphenylphosphine (Strem Chemicals)} in anhydrous THF (approximately 10 mL) dropwise over one minute. The reddish solution of the phosphorous reagent may be bleached upon contact with a benzyl bromide solution. The mixture can be evaporated to dryness after approximately one hour of stirring. The residue may be extracted with anhydrous/degassed DICHLOROMETHANE, filtered through celite to remove the precipitated salt byproduct. The filtrate can be evaporated to dryness, to afford the intermediate product as a crude off-white solid, which can be used for further chemistry without additional purification. The isolated yield may be approximately 2.0 g (73%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CD2CI2, 296 K): 7.05-7.18 (5H, m), 6.85-7. 05 (5H, m), 6.70-6. 85 (9H, m), 3.23 (2H, s) ppm. 31 P NMR (203 MHz, CD2Cl2, 296 K) 7.50 ppm. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 107.ii (ii) To a solution of 1, 1-dimethylethyl 4- [ (cyclohexylmethyl) amino] piperidine-1- carboxylate (0.245 g, 0.840 mmole, 1.0 eq. ), 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.185 ml, 1.01 mmole, 1.2 eq. ) in dry acetonitrile (5 ml) was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.19 g, 1.35 mmole, 1.6 eq. ). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a white solid. The white solid was taken up in dichloromethane (10 ml) and this washed with water (10 ml). The dichloromethane layer was passed through a hydrophobic frit then diluted with methanol (10 ml). This solution was loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml) then basic material was eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Concentration of the ammonia/methanol solution under vacuum yielded a colourless oil (0.344 g, 90%). To a solution of this oil (0.344 g, 0.74 mmole, 1.0 eq. ) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (0.83 ml, 11.2 mmole, 15 eq). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Solvent and TFA were removed in vacuo. The resulting oil was taken up in methanol and loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml). Basic material was then eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Removal of solvent from the ammonia/methanol mixture under vacuum, gave a colourless oil (0.298 g, 99%). The oil was taken up in methanol. To this solution was added a solution of fumaric acid (0.095 g, 0.08 mmole, 1 EQ) in methanol followed by diethyl ether and cyclohexane. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.302 g, 76 %). ON (300 MHz, MEOD) 7. 58 (1H, d, ArH), 7.45-7. 29 (7H, m, ArH), 7.18 (1H, d, ArH), 6.70 (2H, s, fumarate CH), 3.64 (2H, s, CH2AR), 3.33-3. 32 (2H, m, NCH2), 2.79 (2H, dt, NCH2), 2.65-2. 54 (1H, m, NCH), 2.17 (2H, d, NCH2), 1.74-1. 47 (9H, m, CCH2), 1.28-1. 11 (4H, m, CH, CCH2), 0.78-0. 67 (2H, m, CH2) ; LCMS 12 min, Rt = 5.0 min, (M++1) = 363. |
90% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 4A.ii To a solution of 1, 1-dimethylethyl 4- [ (cyclohexylmethyl) amino] piperidine-1- carboxylate (0.245 g, 0.840 mmole, 1.0 eq. ), 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.185 ml, 1.01 mmole, 1.2 eq. ) in dry acetonitrile (5 ml) was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.19 g, 1. 35 mmole, 1.6 eq. ). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a white solid. The white solid was taken up in dichloromethane (10 ml) and this washed with water (10 ml). The dichloromethane layer was passed through a hydrophobic frit then diluted with methanol (10 ml). This solution was loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml) then basic material was eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Concentration of the AMMONIALMETHANOL solution under vacuum yielded a colourless oil (0.344 g, 90%). To a solution of this oil (0.344 g, 0.74 mmole, 1.0 eq. ) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (0.83 ml, 11.2 mmole, 15 eq). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Solvent and TFA were removed in vacuo. The resulting oil was taken up in methanol and loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml). Basic material was then eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Removal of solvent from the ammonia/methanol mixture under vacuum, gave a colourless oil (0. 298 g, 99%). The oil was taken up in methanol. To this solution was added a solution OF FUMARIC acid (0.095 g, 0. 08 mmole, 1 eq) in methanol followed by diethyl ether and cyclohexane. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.302 g, 76 %). 8H (300 MHz, MEOD) 7.58 (1H, d, ArH), 7.45-7. 29 (7H, m, ArH), 7.18 (1H, d, ArH), 6.70 (2H, s, fumarate CH), 3.64 (2H, s, CH2Ar), 3.33-3. 32 (2H, m, NCH2), 2.79 (2H, dt, NCH2), 2.65-2. 54 (1H, IN, NCH), 2.17 (2H, d, NCH2), 1.74-1. 47 (9H, m, CCH2), 1.28-1. 11 (4H, m, CH, CCH2), 0.78-0. 67 (2H, m, CH2) ; LCMS 12 min, Rt = 5.0 min, (M++1) = 363 |
90% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 4A.ii (ii) To a solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4- [ (cyclohexylmethyl) amino] piperidine-1- carboxylate (0.245 g, 0.840 mmole, 1.0 eq. ), 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.185 ml, 1. 01 mmole, 1.2 eq. ) in dry acetonitrile (5 ml) was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.19 g, 1.35 mmole, 1.6 eq. ). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a white solid. The white solid was taken up in dichloromethane (10 ml) and this washed with water (10 ml). The dichloromethane layer was passed through a hydrophobic frit then diluted with methanol (10 ml). This solution was loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml) then basic material was eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Concentration of the ammonia/methanol solution under vacuum yielded a colourless oil (0.344 g, 90%). To a solution of this oil (0.344 g, 0.74 mmole, 1.0 eq. ) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (0.83 ml, 11.2 mmole, 15 EQ). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Solvent and TFA were removed in vacuo. The resulting oil was taken up in methanol and loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml). Basic material was then eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Removal of solvent from the ammonia/methanol mixture under vacuum, gave a colourless oil (0.298 g, 99%). The oil was taken up in methanol. To this solution was added a solution of fumaric acid (0. 095 g, 0. 08 mmole, 1 EQ) in methanol followed by diethyl ether and cyclohexane. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.302 g, 76 %). ON (300 MHz, MEOD) 7.58 (1H, d, ArH), 7.45-7. 29 (7H, m, ArH), 7.18 (1H, d, ArH), 6.70 (2H, s, fumarate CH), 3.64 (2H, s, CH2Ar), 3.33-3. 32 (2H, m, NCH2), 2.79 (2H, dt, NCH2), 2.65-2. 54 (1H, m, NCH), 2.17 (2H, d, NCH2), 1.74-1. 47 (9H, m, CCH2), 1. 28-1. 11 (4H, m, CH, CCH2), 0.78-0. 67 (2H, m, CH2); LCMS 12 min, Rt = 5.0 min, (M++1) = 363. |
90% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 4A.ii To a solution of 1, 1-dimethylethyl 4- [ (cyclohexylmethyl) amino] piperidine-l- carboxylate (0.245 g, 0.840 mmole, 1.0 eq. ), 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.185 ml, 1.01 mmole, 1.2 eq. ) in dry acetonitrile (5 ml) was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.19 g, 1.35 mmole, 1.6 eq. ). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a white solid. The white solid was taken up in dichloromethane (10 ml) and this washed with water (10 ml). The dichloromethane layer was passed through a hydrophobic frit then diluted with methanol (10 ml). This solution was loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml) then basic material was eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Concentration of the ammonia/methanol solution under vacuum yielded a colourless oil (0.344 g, 90%). To a solution of this oil (0.344 g, 0.74 mmole, 1.0 eq. ) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (0.83 ml, 11. 2 mmole, 15 eq). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Solvent and TFA were removed i7 vacuo. The resulting oil was taken up in methanol and loaded onto an SCX-2 (10 g) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml). Basic material was then eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Removal of solvent from the ammonia/methanol mixture under vacuum, gave a colourless oil (0.298 g, 99%). The oil was taken up in methanol. To this solution was added a solution of fumaric acid (0.095 g, 0.08 mmole, 1 eq) in methanol followed by diethyl ether and cyclohexane. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.302 g, 76 %)-bH (300 MHz, MeOD) 7.58 (1H, d, ArH), 7.45-7. 29 (7H, m, ArH), 7.18 (1H, d, ArH), 6.70 (2H, s, fumarate CH), 3.64 (2H, s, CH2Ar), 3.33-3. 32 (2H, m, NCH2), 2.79 (2H, dt, NCH2), 2.65-2. 54 (1H, m, NCH), 2.17 (2H, d, NCH2), 1.74-1. 47 (9H, m, CCH2), 1.28-1. 11 (4H, m, CH, CCH,), 0.78-0. 67 (2H, m, CH,) ; LCMS 12 min, Rt = 5.0 min, (M++1) = 363. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 159.ii (ii) To a solution of 1, 1-dimethylethyl 4- [ (2, 2-dimethylpropyl) amino] piperidine-1- carboxylate (0.41g, 1. 50mmol, L. Oeq), 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.133 ml, 1.80 mmol, 1. 2eq) in dry acetonitrile (5 ml) was added anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.33g, 2. 40MMOL, 1. 6eq). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a white solid. The white solid was taken up in dichloromethane (10 ML) and this washed with water (10 ml). The dichloromethane layer was passed through a hydrophobic frit then diluted with methanol (10 ml). This solution was loaded onto an SCX-2 (lOg) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml) then basic material was eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Concentration of the ammonia/methanol solution under vacuum yielded a white solid (0.60g, 93%). To a solution of this oil (0.60g, 1. 37MMOL, L. Oeq) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (1.67 ml, 22. 5MMOL, 16.4eq). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Solvent and TFA were removed IN VACUO. The resulting oil was taken up in methanol and loaded onto an SCX-2 (lOg) column. The column was washed with methanol (50 ml). Basic material was then eluted using 2N ammonia in methanol (50 ml). Removal of solvent from the ammonia/methanol mixture under vacuum, gave a colourless oil (0. 47G, 100%). The oil was taken up in methanol. To this solution was added a solution OF FUMARIC acid (0.16g, 1. 40MMOL, 1. O1 eq) in methanol followed by diethyl ether. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.59g, 94%). LCMS: (12 min): Rt = 5.9 min, (M++1) = 337 ; 1H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD) : 8= 7.81-7. 77 (1H, m, ArH), 7.47-7. 28 (7H, m, ArH), 7.20-7. 15 (1H, m, ArH), 6.70 (3H, s, fumarate CH), 3.71 (2H, s, CH2AR), 3.38-3. 27 (2H, m, NCH2), 2.79 (2H, dt, NCH2), 2.61-2. 51 (1H, m, NCH), 2.23 (2H, s, NCH2TBU), 1.73- 1.49 (4H, m, CCH2), 0.85 (9H, s, CH3). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 65℃; for 15h; | 32 A mixture of 1- (2-methyl-quinolin-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-3-yl-urea dihydrochloride (Example [C1.] 2., 172 mg, 0.5 [MMOL),] 2-phenylbenzylbromide (148.3 mg, 0.6 [MMOL)] and TEA (0.28 mL, 2 [MMOL)] in THF (4 mL) is stirred at [65C] for 15 h. The mixture is quenched with sat. aq. [NA2CO3] (25 mL) and extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts are dried [(NA2SO4),] filtered and evaporated. The residue is purified by HPLC to provide the crude title compound |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With potassium carbonate In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 20℃; for 7h; | 112 Example 112; 3-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-(1, 1'-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-4-piperidinone To 10 ml of dimethylformamide were added 1.1 g of 3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-piperidinone hydrochloride, 0.85 g of 2-phenylbenzyl bromide and 1.4 g of potassium carbonate and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours.. The mixture was extracted with 30 ml of ethyl acetate, the extract was washed with water, and then dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (40 g, ethyl acetate: hexane = 1: 1) to obtain the title compound as an oil.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.20-2.70 (m, 6H), 3.12 (m, 1H), 3.36 and 3.53 (ABq, 2H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.48 (d, 1H, J=11 Hz), 6.78-7.45 (m, 17H). The above oil was dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl ether and 1 ml of a solution of 4 N Cl/dioxane was added thereto.. The crystalline powder was collected by filtration to obtain 1.2 g of the hydrochloride of the title compound (yield: 71%). mp 144-146°C. IR (KBr) 2900, 2425, 2325, 1730, 1600, 1500, 1475, 1450, 1415, 1220, 1155, 830, 775, 705, 575, 555, 515 cm-1. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 48h; | 27.i EXAMPLE 27: N-(2-Methylpropyl)-N-(at)f (1,1-Biphenyl)-2ylmethyl)-(3S)-uyrrolidine-3-yl- methylamine L-Tartrate; Step (i) N-(2-Methylpropyl)-N-{ [(1,1-Biphenyl)-2ylmethyl}-1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(3R)- pyrrolidine-3-yl-methylamine To a stirred suspension of N-(2-methylpropyl)-l-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(3R)-pyrrolidine- 3-ylmethylamine (234mg, 0.91mmol) and anhydrous potassium carbonate (201mg, 1.46mmol) in dry acetonitrile (10ml) is added 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (271mg, 1.10mmol). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 days, concentrated and diluted with water. Extract with dichloromethane, extract concentrated and dilute with methanol, purify using a SCX-2 column (lOg), wash with methanol and the basic product elutes with methanolic ammonia (2M). Evaporation gives the required compound as a colourless oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With potassium carbonate In ethyl acetate; acetonitrile | 10 Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amine EXAMPLE 10 Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amine Potassium carbonate (1.38 g, 10 mmol), catalytic amount of potassium iodide, and 3,4-dimethoxyaniline (1.53 g 10 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (1.83 mL, 10 mmol) in acetonitrile (200 mL). The reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 80° C. for 18 hours, then was cooled to room temperature. The solid was filtered and the filtrate concentrated to dryness. Purification by silica gel column chromatography using 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes as the eluant afforded the pure product (1.04 g). MH+ 320: 1H (CDCl3) δ 3.77 (3H, s), 3.78 (3H, s), 4.21 (2H, s), 6.05 (1H, dd, J=8, 3), 6.14 (1H, m), 6.67 (1H, d, J=8), 7.28-7.42 (8H, m), 7.54 (1H, m). | |
With potassium carbonate In ethyl acetate; acetonitrile | 10 Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amine EXAMPLE 10 Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amine Potassium carbonate (1.38 g, 10 mmol), catalytic amount of potassium iodide, and 3,4-dimethoxyaniline (1.53 g 10 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (1.83 mL, 10 mmol) in acetonitrile (200 mL). The reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 80° C. for 18 hours, then was cooled to room temperature. The solid was filtered and the filtrate concentrated to dryness. Purification by silica gel column chromatography using 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes as the eluant afforded the pure product (1.04 g). MH+320: 1H (CDCl3) δ 3.77 (3H, s), 3.78 (3H, s), 4.21 (2H, s), 6.05 (1H, dd, J=8, 3), 6.14 (1H, m) 6.67 (1H, d, J=8), 7.28-7.42 (8H, m), 7.54 (1H, m). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | With NaH | 24.A Preparation of 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide. A. 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid ethyl ester. Applying the procedures in Example 1 Part F, 483 mg (2 mmol) of 5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester was treated with 80 mg (2 mmol) of 60% NaH/mineral oil and 0.37 mL (2 mmol) of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl to give after chromatography on silica (elution with 25% EtOAc/hexane), 567 mg (69% yield) of 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid ethyl ester as a yellow oil. Analyses: Calc'd for C27 H27 NO3: C, 78.42; H, 6.58; N, 3.39. Found: C, 78.12; H, 6.47; N, 3.03. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With NaH | 3.A Example 3 Part A. Preparation of 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole. Using the procedure described in Example 1, Part C, 1 g (6.2 mmol) of 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole was reacted with 248 mg (6.2 mmol) of 60% NaH/mineral oil and then 1.1 mL (6.2 mmol) of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl to give after chromatography on silica (eluding with 17% EtOAc/hexane) 1.63 g (80% yield) of 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole as an oil. Analyses for C23 H21 NO: Calculated: C, 84.37; H, 6.46; N, 4.28 Found: C, 84.11; H, 5.66; N, 3.83. |
80% | With NaH | 3.A EXAMPLE 3 Part A. Preparation of 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole. Using the procedure described in Example 1, Part C, 1 g (6.2 mmol) of 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole was reacted with 248 mg (6.2 mmol) of 60% NaH/mineral oil and then 1.1 mL (6.2 mmol) of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl to give after chromatography on silica (eluding with 17% EtOAc/hexane) 1.63 g (80% yield) of 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole as an oil. Analyses for C23H21NO: Calculated: C, 84.37; H, 6.46; N, 4.28 Found: C, 84.11; H, 5.66; N, 3.83. |
72% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methylindole With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 15 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5 - 20℃; for 18h; | 4 1-r(1 ,1 '-Biphenyl)-2-ylmethvn-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole (6) [04-035-14]. A solution of indole 5 (16.12 g, 0.10 mol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL) was added drop wise to a stirred cooled (ca. 15°C) suspension of sodium hydride (0.15 mol, 6.0 g, 60% in mineral oil, washed with 100 mL of hexanes before the reaction) in DMF (50 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at RT. After cooling the reaction mixture to ca. 5°C, 2- , . ι ιυϖ mιxα stirred for 18 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (500 mL) was added. The resultant mixture was washed with water (2x200 mL + 3x100 mL), brine (200 mL) and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent from the filtrate under reduced pressure, the residue (35.5 g, thick red oil) was purified by dry chromatography (Silica Gel for TLC, 5% → 25% CH2CI2 in hexanes) to afford product 6 as a pale oil. Yield: 23.71 g (72%) |
72% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methylindole With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5 - 20℃; for 18h; | 4 [00197] 14(1 ,1 '-Biphenyl)-2-ylmethyll-4-methoχy-2-methyl-1 rt-indole (6); [04-035-14]. A solution of indole 5 (16.12 g, 0.10 mol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL) was added drop wise to a stirrefeodled sispeftslofi of sodium hydride (0.15 mol, 6.0 g, 60% in mineral oil, washed with 100 mL of hexanes before the reaction) in DMF (50 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at RT. After cooling the reaction mixture to ca. 5°C, 2- phenylbenzyl bromide (25.0 g, 0.101 mol) was added drop wise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (500 mL) was added. The resultant mixture was washed with water (2x200 mL + 3x100 mL), brine (200 mL) and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent from the filtrate under reduced pressure, the residue (35.5 g, thick red oil) was purified by dry chromatography (Silica Gel for TLC, 5% → 25% CH2CI2 in hexanes) to afford product 6 as a pale oil. Yield: 23.71 g (72%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With NaH | 12.B Example 12 Part B. Preparation of 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-2-propyl-1H-indole. Using the procedure described in Example 1, Part C, 945 mg (5 mmol) of 4-methoxy-2-propyl-1H-indole was reacted with 200 mg (5 mmol) of 60% NaH/mineral oil and then 0.92 mL (5 mmol) of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl to give after chromatography on silica gel (eluding with 20% EtOAc/hexane) 1.16 g (65% yield) of 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-2-propyl-1H-indole as an oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | With NaH In water; ethyl acetate | 55.A Preparation of [3-[[3-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy]propyl]phosphonic acid A. 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid ethyl ester. 5-Methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid ethyl ester (988 mg, 4 mmol) was added to 160 mg (4 mmol) of NaH/mineral oil (previously washed with hexane), the mixture stirred for 0.5 hours and 0.74 mL (4 mmol) of 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl added. After 2 hours, water was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated at reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluding with 20% EtOAc/hexane to give 1.18 g (72% yield) of 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid ethyl ester as an oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With N-Bromosuccinimide In nitrogen; water; chlorobenzene | 2 EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 2 336 g (2.0 mol) of 2-methylbiphenyl (technical grade, purity 89%), 700 ml of chlorobenzene, 600 ml of water, 366 g (1.03 mol) of N-bromosuccinimide and 1.9 g (0.01 mol) of sodium pyrosulfite, Na2 S2 O5, are initially introduced into a test apparatus as described in Example 1. The mixture is brought to a temperature of 24°-25° C. while stirring vigorously (the temperature of the cooling brine is constant at 23.0° C. throughout the entire duration of the experiment). The air is displaced from the reactor by passing in nitrogen and covering the mixture with a layer of nitrogen, and the irradiation is started. After an induction period of about 20 minutes, the reaction starts, the temperature increasing by about 3°-40°. After a total of 3 hours, the irradiation is ended. The reaction mixture is then heated to 35° C. and the two liquid phases are separated. The chlorobenzene phase is washed once with 600 ml of water and then evaporated under reduced pressure. A pale brown oil which, after fractional distillation, gives 425 g of 2-(bromomethyl)-biphenyl, boiling point 128°-134° C./0.03 mbar, is obtained. The yield is 86%. According to GC analysis (apparatus: Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II; column: 30 m HPI; 80° C. (2 minutes), 10°/minute, 270° C. (15 minutes); flow rate: He, 1.0 ml/minute), the purity of the product is 89.5%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 44 To 5,6-dichloro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (521 mg) in DMF (5 mL) was added potassium carbonate powder (802 mg) and 2-phenyl benzyl bromide (1.43 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc, and dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by silica gel .chromatography (5% - 40% EtOAc/hexanes), followed by recrystallization with Et2O/hexanes to yield the title compound as a white solid.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.84 (s, 1 H), 7.20-7.48 (m, 8H), 7.43 (s, 1 H), 6.84 (d, 1 H, J= 7.5 Hz), 5.25 (s, 2H), 3.40 (ABq, 2H, JAB = 9.8 Hz, ΔvAB = 17 Hz). | |
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 44 To 5,6-dichloro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole (629 mg) in DMF (7 ml_) was added potassium carbonate powder (969 mg) and 1- EPO bromomethyl-2-[phenylsulfonyl)methyl]benzyl bromide (2.28 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc, and dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (5% - 40% EtOAc/hexanes), followed by recrystallization with hexanes to yield the title compound as a yellow solid.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.94 (s, 1 H), 7.78 (d, 1 H1 J = 7.1 Hz), 7.69- 7.77 (m, 1 H), 7.59 (d, 2H, J= 7.9 Hz), 7.36 (s, 1 H), 7.14-7.23 (m, 2H), 6.89 (dd, 1 H, J = 6.8, 1.5 Hz), 6.32 (dd, 1 H1 J= 8.7, 6.8, Hz), 5.69 (s, 2H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.76 (ABq, 2H, JAB = 9.8 Hz, ΔvAB = 17 Hz). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water for 0.5h; | A (3-[(2-Phenylphenyl) methylthio] phenylamine): 2-phenyl benzylbromide (2.47g; lOmmol) is added slowly to a stirred solution of 3-aminothiophenol (1.25g; lOmmol) in the mixture of ethanol (20mL) and lMNaOH (lOmL). The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, the solvent evaporated and the residue is purified using a Biotage column. The product is eluted with EtoAc/Hexanes (4/1). Yield: 1.8 g (62%).*H NMR: (300 MHz, CDC13) 7.39 8 (7H, m); 7.31 5 (3H, m); 7.00 5 (1H, t); 6.49 5 (1H, s); 6.485(1H, d); 4.075 (2H, s). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In <i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide; water; mineral oil; benzene | 1.B B. B. Preparation of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate A stirred mixture of 12.5 g (0.54 mole) of sodium hydride (25 g of a 50% dispersion in mineral oil) in 300 ml of dimethylformamide and 900 ml of benzene was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0° C. To this mixture, 104.3 g (0.9 mole) of diethyl malonate was added dropwise during a 5 minute period and the mixture was stirred until hydrogen evolution ceased. 2-(Bromomethyl)-biphenyl (117 g, 0.47 mole) was then added at 0° C. Upon complete addition the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with stirring for one hour. The reaction mixture was poured into 500 ml of water, the layers separated, and the aqueous layer washed with two portions of 250 ml each of diethyl ether. The organic layer was combined with the ether washings, and the whole was washed with one portion of 500 ml of aqueous 5 % hydrochloric acid, one portion of 500 ml of water, one portion of 300 ml of a solution saturated with sodium bicarbonate, and finally, one portion of 500 ml of water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil residue. The oil was distilled under reduced pressure to give 149.0 g of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate; b.p. 175°-180° C./0.8-0.9 mm. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. | |
With hydrogenchloride In <i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide; water; mineral oil; benzene | 1.B B. B. Preparation of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate A stirred mixture of 12.5 g (0.54 mole) of sodium hydride (25 g of a 50% dispersion in mineral oil) in 300 ml of dimethylformamide and 900 ml of benzene was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0° C. To this mixture, 104.3 g (0.9 mole) of diethyl malonate was added dropwise during a 5 minute period and the mixture was stirred until hydrogen evolution ceased. 2-(Bromomethyl)biphenyl (117 g. 0.47 mole) was then added at 0° C. Upon complete addition the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with stirring for one hour. The reaction mixture was poured into 500 ml of water, the layers separated, and the aqueous layer washed with two portions of 250 ml each of diethyl ether. The organic layer was combined with the ether washings, and the whole was washed with one portion of 500 ml of aqueous 5% hydrochloric acid, one portion of 500 ml of water, one portion of 300 ml of a solution saturated with sodium bicarbonate, and finally, one portion of 500 ml of water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil residue. The oil was distilled under reduced pressure to give 149.0 g of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate; b.p. 175°-180° C./0.8-0.9 mm. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. | |
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydrogencarbonate In <i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide; water; mineral oil; benzene | 1.B B. B. Preparation of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate A stirred mixture of 12.5 g (0.54 mole) of sodium hydride (25 g of a 50% dispersion in mineral oil) in 300 ml of dimethylformamide and 900 ml of benzene was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0° C. To this mixture, 104.3 g (0.9 mole) of diethyl malonate was added dropwise during 5 minutes, and the mixture was stirred until hydrogen evolution ceased. 2-(Bromomethyl)biphenyl (117 g, 0.47 mole) was then added at 0° C. Upon complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with stirring for one hour. The reaction mixture was poured into 500 ml of water, the layers separated, and the aqueous layer washed with two portions of 250 ml each of diethyl ether. The organic layer was combined with the ether washings, and the whole was washed with one portion of 500 ml of aqueous 5% hydrochloric acid, one portion of 500 ml of water, one portion of 300 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, and finally, one portion of 500 ml of water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil residue. The oil was distilled under reduced pressure to give 149.0 g of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate; b.p. 175°-180° C./0.8-0.9 mm. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. |
With hydrogenchloride In <i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide; water; mineral oil; benzene | 1.B B. B. Preparation of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate A stirred mixture of 12.5 g (0.54 mole) of sodium hydride (25 g of a 50% dispersion in mineral oil) in 300 ml of dimethylformamide and 900 ml of benzene was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0° C. To this mixture, 104.3 g (0.9 moles) of diethyl malonate was added dropwise during a 5 minute period and the mixture was stirred until hydrogen evolution ceased. 2-(Bromomethyl)biphenyl (117 g, 0.47 mole) was then added at 0° C. Upon complete addition the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with stirring for one hour. The reaction mixture was poured into 500 ml of water, the layers separated, and the aqueous layer washed with two portions of 250 ml each of diethyl ether. The organic layer was combined with the ether washings, and the whole was washed with one portion of 500 ml of aqueous 5% hydrochloric acid, one portion of 500 ml of water, one portion of 300 ml of a solution saturated with sodium bicarbonate, and finally, one portion of 500 ml of water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil residue. The oil was distilled under reduced pressure to give 149.0 g of diethyl (2-phenylbenzyl)malonate; b.p. 175°-180° C./0.8-0.9 mm. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 2.B B. B. 6-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolinone To a solution of the title A compound (1.85 g, 11.34 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added a solution of NaN(Me3Si)2 (1M in THF, 12.5 mL, 12.5 mmol) with stirring at 0° C. under nitrogen. A thick precipitate appeared. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and stirred for 15 minutes. The mixture was then cooled to 0° C. followed by the addition of 2-bromomethylbiphenyl (2.07 mL, 11.34 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, diluted with methylene chloride, washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate solution. It was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as a foam (3.72 g, 100%). Molecular weight (MS): 329. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71% | With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 19h; | 7.11B 1-Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (4): To a solution of intermediate (3) (0.70 g, 4.69 mmole) in anhydrous DMF (40 mL) sodium hydride mixture 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.95 mL, 5.16 mmole) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (200 mL), the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 200 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (3:1 Hex:EtOAc) to afford intermediate (4) as a yellow solid. Yield: 1.1 g 71 %. |
71% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 18h; Stage #3: With ammonium chloride In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 16.11b [0063USD] * u H^BIlJTfeilyi^ylmethyl^-methoxy-Z-methyl-i H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (4):To a solution of intermediate (3) (0.70 g, 4.69 mmole) in anhydrous DMF (40 mL) sodium hydride (60 % in mineral oil, 0.28 g, 7.04 mmole) was added, the mixture was stirred for 1 h. To the mixture 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.95 mL, 5.16 mmole) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (200 mL), the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 200 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (3:1 Hex:EtOAc) to afford intermediate (4) as a yellow solid. Yield: 1.1 g 71 %. |
71% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 18h; | 12.11b To a solution of intermediate (3) (0.70 g, 4.69 mmole) in anhydrous DMF (40 mL) sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 0.28 g, 7.04 mmole) was added, the mixture was stirred for 1 h. To the mixture 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.95 mL, 5.16 mmole) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (200 mL), the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×200 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (3:1 Hex:EtOAc) to afford intermediate (4) as a yellow solid. Yield: 1.1 g 71%. |
66% | With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 18.5h; | 7.4 1-Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1W-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine 4. To a stirred suspension of NaH (98 mg, 2.5 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) in THF (10 mL), 4-methoxy- 2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine 3 (280 mg, 1.72 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.40 mL, 2.2 mmol) was added, stirring was continued for 18 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4CI (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3 X 40 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (40 mL), brine (40 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel, using 10% EtOAc in hexanes to 25% EtOAc in hexanes) gave product 4 as a yellow foam. Yield: 375 mg (66%). |
66% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran for 18h; Stage #3: With ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; water | 16.4 [00588] 1-Biphenyl-2-yImethyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1W-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine 4. To a stirred suspension of NaH (98 mg, 2.5 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) in THF (10 mL), 4- methoxy~2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-φyridine 3 (280 mg, 1.72 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.40 mL, 2.2 mmol) was added, stirring was continued for 18 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4CI (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3 X 40 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (40 mL), brine (40 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel, using 10% EtOAc in hexanes to 25% EtOAc in hexanes) gave product 4 as a yellow foam. Yield: 375 mg (66%). |
66% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 18h; | 12.4 To a stirred suspension of NaH (98 mg, 2.5 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) in THF (10 mL), 4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine 3 (280 mg, 1.72 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.40 mL, 2.2 mmol) was added, stirring was continued for 18 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (40 mL), brine (40 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel, using 10% EtOAc in hexanes to 25% EtOAc in hexanes) gave product 4 as a yellow foam. Yield: 375 mg (66%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
58% | Stage #1: ethyl 2-[(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-hydroxy-6-(1-methylethyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridazinecarboxylate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 0.75h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 70.a To a solution of ethyl 5-hydroxy-6-(l-methylethyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4- pyridazinecarboxylate (example 46(a), 125 mg, 0.55 mmol) in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (5 ml) at 0 0C was added sodium hydride (55 mg, 0.138 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes and then cooled back to 0 0C and 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (101 μl, 0.55 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours then quenched with IN HCl (3 ml) extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x20 ml). The organic layers were combined, dried over Magnesium sulfate, filtered and solvents removed with rotary evaporation. The crude oil was purified by flash column chromatography (10-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide the title compound ethyl 2-(2-biphenylylmethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-(l- methylethyl)-3 -oxo-2,3 -dihydro-4-pyridazinecarboxylate (126 mg, 0.32 mmol, 58 % yield) as a pale yellow oil that was used immediately in the next step. MS(ES+) m/e 393 [M+H]+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With palladium diacetate; triethylamine; johnphos In toluene at 100℃; for 12h; | |
19 %Spectr. | With palladium diacetate; sodium hydrogencarbonate; tri(m-tolyl)phosphine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 100℃; for 12h; | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: acetonitrile / 1 h / 20 °C 2: palladium diacetate; potassium fluoride; XPhos / tetrahydrofuran / 14 h / 50 °C / Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: acetonitrile / 1 h / 20 °C 2: palladium diacetate; caesium carbonate; (S)-(1,1'-binaphthalene)-2,2'-diylbis(diphenylphosphine) / 1,2-dimethoxyethane / 90 °C / Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | Stage #1: propargyl alcohol With potassium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 0℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 0 - 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: methyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In acetonitrile at 80℃; | 123 Example 123 3- [4- (biphenyl-2-ylmethoxy)-3, 5-dibromophenyl] propanoic acid To a solution of 3- (3, 5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl) propionic acid methyl ester (12 mg, 0.035 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 mL) was added potassium carbonate (15 mg, 0.11 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 15 minutes a solution of 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (12.8 mg, 0.07 mmol) in 0.25 mL dry acetonitrile was added. The mixture was heated at 80 cC over night. After cooling down to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through a silica SPE column (500 mg/3 mL), eluting with n-heptane/ethyl acetate 3: 1 (3 mL). After concentration in vacuo the residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (0.25 mL) and lithium hydroxide (1 N in water, 0.25 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred over night and then neutralised on an SCX SPE column (500 mg/3 mL), using methanol as eluent. After evaporation of the solvents, the residue was purified on a silica SPE column (500 mg/3 mL) with dichloromethane/methanol 9: 1 as eluent giving 12.5 mg 3- [4-biphenyl-2-yl-methoxy)- 3,5-dibromo-phenyl]-propionic acid (73%). MS: m/z 488. 8 (M+-1) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
37% | Stage #1: 2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-phenylbenzyl bromide With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 120h; Stage #2: With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol for 0.666667h; Reflux; | 2; 6 Intermediate 2: 2-[1-(2-biphenylylmethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; To a solution of 2-(5-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (Intermediate 1) (3.83 g, 16.9 mmol) in CH3CN (150 mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.80 g, 20.2 mmol) followed by 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (5 g, 20.2 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 4 days. Then 0.2 eq. of potassium carbonate was added and the reaction was heated at 70° C., one more day. After cooling the salts were removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with DCM and washed with a solution of potassium carbonate (10%) and brine. The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with DCM to DCM/EtOAc 95/5 to give the title compound as a mixture of regioisomers (white solid) (4.54 g, 68%).LC/MS: m/z 394 (M+H)+, Rt: 3.54 min and 3.69 min.; Intermediate 6: 1-(2-biphenylylmethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine; To a solution of 2-[1-(2-biphenylylmethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (Intermediate 2) (4.54 g, 11.5 mmol) in EtOH (200 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (2.8 mL, 57.7 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 40 min. After cooling the precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with brine and extracted with DCM. The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure.The regioisomers were separated by flash column chromatography eluting with DCM to DCM/MeOH 98/2 and the title compound was obtained as a white solid (1.135 g, 37%).LCMS: m/z 264 (M+H)+, Rt: 2.96 min. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 120h; | 2 Intermediate 2: 2-[1-(2-biphenylylmethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; To a solution of 2-(5-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (Intermediate 1) (3.83 g, 16.9 mmol) in CH3CN (150 mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.80 g, 20.2 mmol) followed by 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (5 g, 20.2 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 4 days. Then 0.2 eq. of potassium carbonate was added and the reaction was heated at 70° C., one more day. After cooling the salts were removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with DCM and washed with a solution of potassium carbonate (10%) and brine. The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with DCM to DCM/EtOAc 95/5 to give the title compound as a mixture of regioisomers (white solid) (4.54 g, 68%).LC/MS: m/z 394 (M+H)+, Rt: 3.54 min and 3.69 min. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | Stage #1: acetoacetic acid methyl ester With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.833333h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 70℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: (S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)tyrosine methyl ester With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 18h; | 118-1 In 15 ml ofTHF was dissolved 503 mg (1.69 mmol) of commercial Nα-Boc-tyrosine methyl ester, to which 74 mg (1.85 mmol) of sodium hydride (60%) was then added, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. Thereto was then added 0.368 ml (1.41 mmol) of 2-phenylbenzyl bromide, followed by stirring at 60°C for 18 hours. After the end of reaction, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was suspended in chloroform, followed by washing with 0.1 mol/l hydrochloric acid and a saturated saline solution. The solvent was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate before distilling off the solvent, followed by purifying the residue using silica gel column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate) to provide 648 mg of the title compound as a colorless, viscous liquid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methylindole With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 15 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5 - 20℃; for 18h; Stage #3: With water In N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 1A [00309] 1-f(1 ,1'-BiphenylV2-ylmethyll-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole (6) [04-035-14]. A solution of indole 5 (16.12 g, 0.10 mol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL) was added drop wise to a stirred cooled (ca. 15°C) suspension of sodium hydride (0.15 mol, 6.0 g, 60% in mineral oil, washed with 100 mL of hexanes before the reaction) in DMF (50 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at RT. After cooling the reaction mixture to ca. 5°C, 2- phenylbenzyl bromide (25.0 g, 0.101 mol) was added drop wise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (500 mL) waVa -^he r§silfø irmixture was washed with water (2x200 mL + xiυυ mil r oϖne (200 mL) and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent from the filtrate under reduced pressure, the residue (35.5 g, thick red oil) was purified by dry chromatography (Silica Gel for TLC, 5% → 25% CH2CI2 in hexanes) to afford product 6 as a pale oil. Yield: 23.71 g (72%). |
72% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methylindole With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 15 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5 - 20℃; for 18h; | 4 [00191] 1-f(1 ,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ylmethyll-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole (6) [04-035-14]. A solution of indole 5 (16.12 g, 0.10 mol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL) was added drop wise to a stirred cooled (ca. 15°C) suspension of sodium hydride (0.15 mol, 6.0 g, 60% in mineral oil, washed with 100 mL of hexanes before the reaction) in DMF (50 mL) and the reaction , , ^ . ", , » . . , - phenylbenzyl bromide (25.0 g, 0.101 mol) was added drop wise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (500 mL) was added. The resultant mixture was washed with water (2x200 mL + 3^100 mL), brine (200 mL) and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent from the filtrate under reduced pressure, the residue (35.5 g, thick red oil) was purified by dry chromatography (Silica Gel for TLC, 5% → 25% CH2CI2 in hexanes) to afford product 6 as a pale oil. Yield: 23.71 g (72%). |
72% | Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-methylindole With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 15 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5 - 20℃; for 18h; | 4 A solution of indole 5 (16.12 g, 0.10 mol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL) was added drop wise to a stirred cooled (ca. 15° C.) suspension of sodium hydride (0.15 mol, 6.0 g, 60% in mineral oil, washed with 100 mL of hexanes before the reaction) in DMF (50 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at RT. After cooling the reaction mixture to ca. 5° C., 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (25.0 g, 0.101 mol) was added drop wise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (500 mL) was added. The resultant mixture was washed with water (2×200 mL+3×100 mL), brine (200 mL) and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent from the filtrate under reduced pressure, the residue (35.5 g, thick red oil) was purified by dry chromatography (Silica Gel for TLC, 5%→25% CH2Cl2 in hexanes) to afford product 6 as a pale oil. Yield: 23.71 g (72%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In para-xylene; water at 95 - 100℃; for 5h; | General Methods for the Synthesis of benzyl thiocyanates. General procedure: Method 2: Employing the procedure of Dehmlow and Torossian,[S1] several benzyl thiocyanates were synthesized as follows. To a solution of benzyl bromide (1 equiv) in p-xylene (10 mL) at rt was added benzyltriethylammonium chloride (0.025 equiv). A solution of KSCN (1.25 equiv) in deionized water (10 mL) was added. The reaction as heated to 95 - 100 °C until complete by TLC analysis (approximately 5h). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated. The product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 10% EtOAc/hexanes (unless noted otherwise). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | Stage #1: (S)-3-isopropyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 4.18. 1-Methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (17) General procedure: Compound 5 (0.79 g, 3.30 mmol) with NaH (0.16 g, 3.95 mmol) were stirred in DMF for 1.5 h under nitrogen. Methyl iodide (308 μL, 4.90 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, which was stirred for overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) and washed with brine (30 mL × 3), dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Compound 17 was obtained as yellow solid (0.603 g, 73%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | Stage #1: (S)-3-benzyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 4.18. 1-Methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (17) General procedure: Compound 5 (0.79 g, 3.30 mmol) with NaH (0.16 g, 3.95 mmol) were stirred in DMF for 1.5 h under nitrogen. Methyl iodide (308 μL, 4.90 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, which was stirred for overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) and washed with brine (30 mL × 3), dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Compound 17 was obtained as yellow solid (0.603 g, 73%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 2h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With resin-supported 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine In acetonitrile at 90℃; for 48h; | 2 Example 2 2-(N-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-2,2-dimethylchroman-6-sulfonamido)acetic acid To a Wheaton vial containing 3-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (22.2 mg, 0.090 mmol) and resin-supported BEMP (52 mg, 0.095 mmol) was added a solution of tert-butyl 2-(2,2-dimethylchroman-6-sulfonamido)acetate (18 mg, 0.05 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL). The mixture was heated to 90° C. and shaken vigorously for two days. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
48% | Stage #1: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide With magnesium In diethyl ether at 20℃; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: 4-benzyl-2-cyanomorpholine In diethyl ether at 0 - 20℃; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride; water at 0℃; for 0.0833333h; | 4.3. General procedure and characterization for ketones 6a-c I2 or 1,2-dibromoethane was added to an anhydrous etheral solution (few mL) of magnesium in a three-neck round bottom flask fitted with a refluxing condenser. The flask was placed in an ice bath and an ethereal solution of the halogenated compound was introduced dropwise with a dropping funnel. After total addition of the halogenated compound solution, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 30 min. The flask was cooled to 0 °C and an ethereal solution of compound 5 was added dropwise. The mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 2 h. Then, the mixture was cooled to 0 °C for the addition of a 1 M HCl aqueous solution. After 5 min of stirring, a 10 M NaOH aqueous solution was added and the product was extracted with Et2O. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was then purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford products as a racemic mixture. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | Stage #1: isatoic anhydride With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 18h; | 2 1-(2-phenyl)benzyl-1H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione General procedure: Sodium hydride (0.011 mol) was added to a solution of isatoic anhydride 2 (0.01 mol) in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The required haloalkane 3 (0.011 mol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for a further 18 h. The reaction mixture was poured onto ice and water (200 mL) to precipitate the product which was filtered, washed with water and dried then recrystallised from a suitable solvent. Reagents 2a (1.63 g), sodium hydride (0.26 g) and 3j (2.72 g) gave 4r (2.57 g, 78%) when recrystallised from dichloromethane: mp 159-161 C; 1H NMR (270 MHz; CDCl3): d 5.28 (2H, s), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.03-7.59 (11H, m), 8.10 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz); 13C NMR (270 MHz; CDCl3): 46.97, 112.10, 114.97, 124.24, 126.01, 128.08, 128.11, 128.45, 128.92, 129.21, 130.73, 130.84, 131.65, 136.50, 137.22, 140.20, 141.25, 149.20, 158.70; Anal. Calcd for C21H15NO3: C, 76.58; H, 4.60; N, 4.25. Found: C, 76.50; H, 4.29; N, 4.26. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
54% | Stage #1: 5-Chloroisatoic anhydride With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 18h; | 2 6-Chloro-1-(2-phenyl)benzyl-1H-benzo[d][1.3]oxazine-2,4-dione General procedure: Sodium hydride (0.011 mol) was added to a solution of isatoic anhydride 2 (0.01 mol) in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The required haloalkane 3 (0.011 mol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for a further 18 h. The reaction mixture was poured onto ice and water (200 mL) to precipitate the product which was filtered, washed with water and dried then recrystallised from a suitable solvent. Reagents 2b (1.98 g), sodium hydride (0.26 g) and 3j (2.72 g) gave 4s (1.96 g, 54%) when recrystallised from dichloromethane: mp 171-173 C; 1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): d 5.10 (2H, s), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.28-7.55 (9H, m), 7.72-7.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 2.5 Hz), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz); 13C NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): d 46.95, 113.06, 116.48, 126.03, 128.06, 128.15, 128.41, 128.83, 129.01, 129.84, 130.66, 131.12, 136.99, 139.58, 139.73, 141.13, 148.09, 157.24; Anal. Calcd for C21H14NO3Cl: C, 73.63; H, 6.18; N, 5.92; Cl, 7.49. Found: C, 73.72; H, 5.81; N, 6.13; Cl, 8.09. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 9 5.1.9 (1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)(4-(4-nitrobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone (15) General procedure: A solution of 4-nitrobenzylbromide (65 mg, 0.3 mmol), 45 (104 mg, 0.3 mmol), and potassium carbonate (250 mg, 1.8 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by adding a saturated NaHCO3 solution and extracted with AcOEt. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue of 109 mg, which was chromatographed on silica gel (55:45 n-hexane/AcOEt as eluent) to give 74 mg (67%) of pure 15 as yellow solid. Mp = 170-172 °C; IR (KBr) 2813, 1715, 1605, 1513, 1429, 1345, 1231, 1025, 1001, 754; 1H NMR δ 2.67 (4H, m), 3.70 (2H, s), 3.96 (4H, m), 7.46 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.56 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.61 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.21 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz); 13C NMR δ 46.52, 52.93, 61.86, 113.58, 119.89, 123.70, 125.31, 129.46, 129.54, 133.20, 145.35, 147.42, 149.37. Anal. Calcd for C18H18N6O3: C, 59.01; H, 4.95; N, 22.94. Found: C, 59.07; H, 4.95; N, 22.99. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | Stage #1: iodoform With sodium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -78 - -20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -20℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -20 - 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84% | Stage #1: 1-Pentyne With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 20℃; for 19h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | With copper(l) iodide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; caesium carbonate In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 35h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With copper(l) iodide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 75℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With copper(l) iodide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 35h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In acetonitrile; for 2h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: N-Methyl-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine (8) (0.37g, 2.00mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.39g, 3.02mmol), 1-(bromomethyl)-4-tert-butylbenzene (0.50g, 2.20mmol) and acetonitrile (5mL) were mixed and stirred at reflux under an N2-atmosphere for 2h. The solvent was then removed at reduced pressure and CH2Cl2 (5mL) was added. The dichloromethane phase was washed with water (5mL) and the water phase was back extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×5mL). The combined organic fractions were dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica-gel column chromatography. Alternatively, the purification was done by filtration through a short silica-gel column (pentane:EtOAc, 9:1), followed by precipitation as it hydrochloride salt by addition of HCl saturated ether. The solid material was washed with cold pentane. Alternatively, using 8·HCl the reaction was run similarly, but employing a 3-fold excess of N,N-diisopropylethylamine. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70.5% | With potassium carbonate; dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; | Synthesis of 2-aminoacetonitrile (I-6) The compound I-5 (6.5 g, 24.07 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (6.5 g, 26.48 mmol) and potassium carbonate (6.6 g, 48.14 mmol) were added to methylsulfinylmethane (60 mL). This reaction mixture was stirred overnight at r.t. The mixture was extracted with EA and water, the organic phase was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with EA to afford the product I-6 as brown solid 7.4 g, yield 70.5%. |
70.5% | With potassium carbonate; dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; | Synthesis of 2-aminoacetonitrile (I-6) The compound I-5 (6.5 g, 24.07 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (6.5 g, 26.48 mmol) and potassium carbonate (6.6 g, 48.14 mmol) were added to methylsulfinylmethane (60 mL). This reaction mixture was stirred overnight at r.t. The mixture was extracted with EA and water, the organic phase was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with EA to afford the product I-6 as brown solid 7.4 g, yield 70.5%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With copper(l) iodide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 75℃; | |
66% | With copper(l) iodide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
74% | With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 72h; Inert atmosphere; | 1 Step 1 Ethyl 1-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (18) Step 1 Ethyl 1-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (18) To a mixture of ethyl 7-bromo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.34 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)biphenyl (91.5 mg, 0.370 mmol), potassium carbonate (140 mg, 1.01 mmol), and potassium iodide (5.59 mg, 0.034 mmol) in a 20 mL vial was added dimethylformamide (10 mL) at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. The nitrogen line was removed from the reaction mixture and the light brown suspension was stirred for 3 days at room temperature at which time LCMS analysis indicated the presence of the desired mass. Then, it was diluted with ˜10 mL water and the resulting cloudy solution was poured into approx. 100 mL water. The resulting solids were collected by filtration and washed with water and hexanes. After air drying, 116 mg of ethyl 1-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (18) (74% yield) was isolated as an off-white solid. LC/MS calcd. for C24H19BrN2O3 (m/e) 463.32, obsd. 465.2 [M+H, ES+]. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; | 26 Synthesis of 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio)phenyl]-4-(4-phenyl)piperazine (1-765) 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl]piperazine(200mg, 0.649mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide Solution (2ml) to 4-phenyl-benzyl bromide (176mg, 0.714mmol) and potassium carbonate (108mg, 0.781mmol) was added at 0°C , and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. To the reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography and purified by (elution solvent ethyl acetate / n-hexane = 1/5) to give a pale title compound yellow oil (yield 230 mg, 75% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 1h; | Preparation of Ammonium Bromide Salts; General Procedure B General procedure: Trimethylamine was added to a solution of a benzylbromide in MeCN and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The volatiles were evaporated and the remaining precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with Et2O. 1-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-yl)-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium Bromide (1e) Prepared according to General Procedure B with 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (0.73 mL, 4 mmol, 1 equiv) and trimethylamine (6 mL,1 M in THF, 6 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in MeCN (4 mL). Yield: 1.169 g (3.8 mmol, 95%); white solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, d6-DMSO): δ = 7.74 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (td, J = 7.5, 1.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.57-7.44 (m, 4 H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 4 H), 4.68 (s,2 H), 2.76 (s, 9 H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, d6-DMSO): δ = 144.55, 139.95, 134.64, 131.48,130.67, 129.48, 128.87, 127.69, 127.67, 125.35, 64.79, 52.00. HRMS: m/z [M]+ calcd for [C16H20N]+: 226.1596; found: 226.1597. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With dichloro(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene)palladium(II)*CH2Cl2; potassium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane at 100℃; for 3h; | 1.1 1) Preparation of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl: 2-Bromomethylbromobenzene (7.53 mmol, 1 eq.), phenylboronic acid (9.04 mmol, 1.2 eq.) and [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride DichloromethaneThe complex (0.45 mmol, 0.06 equivalent) was placed in a 50 ml round bottom flask, and 10 ml of dioxane and 10 ml of a 2 mol/L K2CO3 solution were added, respectively, and refluxed at 100 ° C for 3 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of a saturated NaCl solution, cooled to room temperature and extracted three times with ethyl acetate.Dry with anhydrous Na2SO4 and collect the product by silica gel column chromatography.The yield was 79%. |
79% | With dichloro(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene)palladium(II)*CH2Cl2; potassium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane at 100℃; for 3h; | 1.1 1) Preparation of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl 2-Bromomethylbromobenzene (7.53 mmol, 1 eq.), phenylboronic acid (9.04 mmol, 1.2 eq.) and [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride dichloromethane complex (0.45mmol, 0.06 eq) was placed in 50ml round bottom flask, were added 10ml of dioxane and 10ml of 2mol / L K2CO3 solution, 100 , refluxed for 3h. Saturated NaCl solution was added to quench the reaction, cooled to room temperature, extracted three times with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated NaCl solution once combined, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, The product was collected by silica gel column chromatography, in 79% yield |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile Reflux; | 1.2 2) Preparation of N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-methyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl-1-amine: 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (1.35 mmol, 1 eq.), 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamine (9.45 mmol, 7 eq.) was dissolved in 6 mL anhydrous acetonitrile ,Anhydrous K2CO3 (2.71 mmol, 2 eq.) solid was added.Stir and reflux overnight,The solvent was evaporated, ethyl acetate and water were extracted three times, and the organic phase was combined and washed once with saturated NaCI.The product was collected by silica gel column chromatography, yield 68%. |
68% | With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile Reflux; | 1.2 2) Preparation of N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-methyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl-1-amine 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (1.35 mmol, 1 eq.), 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamine (9.45 mmol, 7 eq.) was dissolved in 6 mL anhydrous acetonitrile , anhydrous K2CO3 (2.71mmol, 2 eq) as a solid, stirred at reflux overnight, the solvent was evaporated, extracted three times with ethyl acetate and water, the organic phases were combined and washed once with saturated NaCl solution, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, silica gel column chromatography to collect the product was obtained in a yield of 68% |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 6 To a solution of malononitrile oxime ether sodium salt (0.24 g, 2.02 mmol) dissolved in 15 mL acetonitrile in a 50 mL reaction flask was added 2-(bromomethyl)-1 , 1’- biphenyl (0.5 g, 2.02 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature, and monitored by Thin-Layer Chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:8) until the reaction was over, the excessive acetonitrile was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residual was purified by colunm chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:10; silica gel: 100-140 mesh, Qingdao Marine Chemical Co., Ltd.) to obtain the title compound 96 (0.31 g) as yellow oil with yield of 59%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With tetra-n-butylammoniumfluoride trihydrate In acetonitrile at 85℃; for 18h; | |
68% | With tetra-n-butylammoniumfluoride trihydrate In acetonitrile for 18h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran; acetonitrile at 25℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | With potassium carbonate In acetone at 60℃; for 8h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20% | Stage #1: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide; N-ethyl-5-(8-hydroxy-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridine-2-carboxamide With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 5.1.10. N-Ethyl-5-[2-methyl-8-(2-phenylethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide hydrogen chloride (1k) General procedure: A mixture of 14 (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), (2-bromoethyl)benzene(34 mg, 0.19 mmol) and dipotassium carbonate (35 mg, 0.25 mmol) inDMF (1.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixturewas diluted with water, extracted with CHCl3 and evaporated in vacuo.The crude mixture was purified using silica-gel column chromatography(CHCl3/MeOH) to give N-ethyl-5-[2-methyl-8-(2-phenylethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide. Next, 4M HCl inEtOAc (21 μL, 0.084 mmol) was added to a solution of this compound inEtOAc (1 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 10 min, the mixturewas evaporated in vacuo. The residue was solidified with EtOAc,and the precipitate was filtered to give the product as a white solid (8 mg, 11% yield [2 steps]). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
47% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 16h; | 3 General Method of A4 Synthesis The substance A3 (35 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIPEA (0.021 mL, 0.12 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (33 mg, 0.13 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours and then was diluted in EtOAc and was washed with NH4Cl(aq.) solution and water. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous MgSO4, and then was evaporated in vacuo. A preferable product A4 of colorless oil was obtained by column chromatography (EtOAc/Hexane, 1:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 16h; | 4 General Method of B3 Synthesis The substance B2 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol), DIPEA (0.028 mL, 0.16 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (32 mg, 0.17 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours and was diluted in EtOAc, and then it was washed with NH4Cl(aq.) solution and water. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous MgSO4 and then was evaporated in vacuo. A preferable product B3 of a white solid was obtained by column chromatography. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
9% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 18h; | 10 General Method of H4 Synthesis The substance H3 (60 mg, 0.20 mmol), DIPEA (0.035 mL, 0.22 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (0.040 mL, 0.22 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for about 16 hours and then was diluted in EtOAc and was washed with NH4Cl(aq.) and water. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous MgSO4 and then was evaporated in vacuo. A preferable product H4 of a white solid was obtained by column chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexane/MC, 2:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 21h; | tert-butyl 4-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate 2-Phenylbenzyl bromide (2.264 g, 9.16 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (70 mL). Next, 1-BOC-piperazine (1.717 g, 9.22 mmol) was added followed by the addition of potassium carbonate (1.272 g, 9.20 mmol). The reaction vessel was capped. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (21 hours). Volatiles were removed from the reaction mixture in vacuo using a rotary evaporator. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (1x). The organic extracts were combined and washed with brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. The drying agent was filtered off and the solvent was removed from the filtrate in vacuo using a rotary evaporator to afford Intermediate 8 as a clear oil. LCMS: Column: Waters Acquity BEH 2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.7 mm particles; Mobile Phase A: 10:90 acetonitrile:water with 0.1% TFA; Mobile Phase B: 90:10 acetonitrile:water with 0.1% TFA; Temperature: 40 °C; Gradient 0 %B to 100 %B over 2 minutes, then 1 min hold at 100 %B; Flow: 1 mL/min; Detection: MS and UV (220 nm). Injection volume: 1 mL. Retention Time = 1.24 min.; Obs. Adducts: [M+H]; Obs. Masses: 353.3. 1H NMR (Acetonitrile-d3) 7.51 (dd, J=7.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.45 (m, 7H), 7.21-7.28 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.24-3.32 (m, 4H), 2.18-2.26 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 9H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | Stage #1: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide; Diethyl methylmalonate With sodium In ethanol at 130℃; for 3h; Stage #2: With potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 100℃; for 4h; | 1.3 1.86g (0.081mol) Na was dissolved in 50mL of absolute ethanol, into this solution was dropped a mixture of 14.60mL (0.081mol) diethyl methylmalonate and 20mL of absolute ethanol, after stirring, slowly drip Into a mixed solution of 20.00g (0.081mol) 2-phenylbenzyl bromide and 20mL of absolute ethanol.Dropping for a period of time will produce white precipitation.The mixture was heated to reflux at 100°C for 3h.After cooling to room temperature, KOH aqueous solution (16 g KOH dissolved in 45 mL water) was added, and the mixture was heated to reflux at 100° C. for 4 h.The solid gradually dissolved, and the solution was orange-red or brown-red.After the reaction, the solvent ethanol was removed, water was added to completely dissolve the mixture, the pH=1 was adjusted very carefully with 6M HCl, the yellow precipitate was filtered out and dried.The obtained solid was decarboxylated under vacuum at 130°C to obtain 17.61 g of dark yellow viscous solid.The product was subjected to mass spectrometry.The product is 2-(2-phenylbenzyl)propionic acid.Yield: 91%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | Stage #1: 2-phenylbenzyl bromide With di-μ-iodobis(tri-tert-butylphosphino)dipalladium(l) In toluene at 20℃; for 0.0333333h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: lithium triisopropylsilyl acetylide In toluene at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With triethylamine In dichloromethane for 3h; | 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (2d) To a solution of 2-phenylbenzyl bromide (0.183 mL, 1.00 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in DCM (5 mL) pyrrolidine(0.167 mL, 2.0 mmol, 2.00 equiv) and triethylamine (0.279 mL, 2.00 mmol, 2.00 equiv) were added. After3 h aqueous NaOH (5%, 5 mL) was added and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3 x 5 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 5 mL), dried over MgSO4 and the solvent removedin vacuo. Purification afforded the product as a colorless oil (186 mg, 0.780 mmol, 78%).Rf = 0.16 (hexanes/EtOAc 4:1); IR = 3058, 3022, 2965, 2906, 2873, 2786, 2734, 2362, 2342, 1965, 1598,cm-1;1478, 1452, 1375, 1348, 1324, 1290, 1249, 1200, 1141, 1010, 941, 883, 752, 703dH(400 MHz,CD2Cl2): 7.56 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 7.47 - 7.41 (m, 4H, Harom), 7.41 - 7.39 (m, 1H, Harom), 7.38 -7.35 (m, 1H, Harom), 7.35 - 7.30 (m, 1H, Harom), 7.29 - 7.24 (m, 1H, Harom), 3.54 (s, 2H, CH2N), 2.47 - 2.40(m, 4H, N(CH2)2(CH2)2), 1.72 (dq, J = 6.4, 3.2 Hz, 4H, N(CH2)2(CH2)2); dC(101 MHz, CD2Cl2): 142.6 (C-2), 142.14 (C-1‘), 137.8 (C-1), 130.5 (C-3), 130.3 (C-6), 130.2 (C-3‘ and C-5‘), 128.4 (C-2‘ and C-6‘),127.7 (Carom), 127.3 (Carom), 127.1 (Carom), 57.94 (CH2N), 54.4 (N(CH2)2(CH2)2), 24.1 (NH(CH2)2(CH2)2);•+HRMS (EI): m/z [M-H]calcd for C17H19N 237.1517; found 237.1533. |
Tags: 19853-09-9 synthesis path| 19853-09-9 SDS| 19853-09-9 COA| 19853-09-9 purity| 19853-09-9 application| 19853-09-9 NMR| 19853-09-9 COA| 19853-09-9 structure
Precautionary Statements-General | |
Code | Phrase |
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P102 | Keep out of reach of children. |
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Prevention | |
Code | Phrase |
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P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials. |
P221 | Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles |
P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
P223 | Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. |
P230 | Keep wetted |
P231 | Handle under inert gas. |
P232 | Protect from moisture. |
P233 | Keep container tightly closed. |
P234 | Keep only in original container. |
P235 | Keep cool |
P240 | Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. |
P241 | Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment. |
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P263 | Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. |
P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling. |
P265 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. |
P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
P281 | Use personal protective equipment as required. |
P282 | Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. |
P283 | Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing. |
P284 | Wear respiratory protection. |
P285 | In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. |
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P235 + P410 | Keep cool. Protect from sunlight. |
Response | |
Code | Phrase |
P301 | IF SWALLOWED: |
P304 | IF INHALED: |
P305 | IF IN EYES: |
P306 | IF ON CLOTHING: |
P307 | IF exposed: |
P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
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P311 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
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P314 | Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. |
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P302 + P352 | IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P321 | |
P322 | |
P330 | Rinse mouth. |
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P333 | If skin irritation or rash occurs: |
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P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
P338 | Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P340 | Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
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P342 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: |
P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
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P362 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
P363 | Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. |
P370 | In case of fire: |
P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
P373 | DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives. |
P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
P378 | |
P380 | Evacuate area. |
P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
P301 + P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P301 + P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P307 + P311 | IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P308 + P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
P309 + P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P332 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P333 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P337 + P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
P342 + P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
P370 + P380 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. |
P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
Storage | |
Code | Phrase |
P401 | |
P402 | Store in a dry place. |
P403 | Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P404 | Store in a closed container. |
P405 | Store locked up. |
P406 | Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner. |
P407 | Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets. |
P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
P411 | |
P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
P413 | |
P420 | Store away from other materials. |
P422 | |
P402 + P404 | Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container. |
P403 + P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
P403 + P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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