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CAS No. : | 208-96-8 | MDL No. : | MFCD00003806 |
Formula : | C12H8 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 152.19 | Pubchem ID : | 9161 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 12 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 10 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 0 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 0.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 52.88 |
TPSA : | 0.0 Ų |
GI absorption : | Low |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -4.43 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.23 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 3.94 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 3.11 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 4.36 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 3.58 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 3.44 |
Lipinski : | 1.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -3.88 |
Solubility : | 0.0199 mg/ml ; 0.000131 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -3.64 |
Solubility : | 0.0349 mg/ml ; 0.000229 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -4.14 |
Solubility : | 0.0111 mg/ml ; 0.0000728 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 2.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 2.29 |
Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 9 |
Precautionary Statements: | P501-P273-P260-P270-P264-P280-P391-P314-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P301+P312+P330 | UN#: | 3077 |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H319-H372-H410 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | In benzene for 72h; | |
89% | In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.666667h; | |
With pyridine; thionyl chloride |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 71 percent / triethylamine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h 2: 22 percent / 340 °C / 0.02 Torr | ||
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 21 percent / dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine / ethyl acetate / 20 h / -10 °C 2: 32 percent / deuterium oxide, triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / 35 °C 3: 95 percent / 760 °C / 0.03 Torr | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 21 percent / dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine / ethyl acetate / 20 h / -10 °C 2: 95 percent / 760 °C / 0.03 Torr |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone In toluene for 24h; Reflux; | |
77% | With oxygen; 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone; sodium nitrite In toluene at 120℃; for 8h; | |
41% | With manganese(IV) oxide In benzene for 30h; Heating; |
18% | With Marshall's acid; copper(II) sulfate In acetic acid at 80 - 85℃; for 4h; | |
Katalytische Dehydrierung; | ||
at 760 - 770℃; beim Leiten durch ein verzinntes Eisenrohr; | ||
Leiten durch ein rotgluehendes Qurazrohr in CO2-Atmosphaere; | ||
at 450 - 475℃; beim Leiten ueber Bleioxyd; | ||
beim Ueberleiten ueber erhitztes Bleioxyd; | ||
With zinc molybdate; nitrogen; magnesium at 550 - 600℃; | ||
With magnesium oxide-coal catalyst; nitrogen at 760 - 780℃; | ||
With zinc oxide-aluminium oxide-coal catalyst; steam at 550℃; | ||
With steam; silicon; molybdenum at 760 - 780℃; | ||
With mixed catalystene; steam at 600℃; | ||
With lead vanadate-catalyst at 300 - 450℃; im Luftstrom; | ||
With selenium(IV) oxide at 150 - 170℃; | ||
With lead(II) oxide at 660℃; | ||
With aluminum oxide; steam stream; zinc(II) oxide at 620℃; Reagens 4: CaO; | ||
With chloranil; xylene at 140℃; | ||
With tetrachloromethane; N-Bromosuccinimide Erhitzen des Reaktionsprodukts mit Pyridin; | ||
beim Leiten durch ein rotgluehendes Quarzrohr; | ||
at 760 - 770℃; beim Leiten durch ein verzinntes Eisenrohr; | ||
With nickel at 300℃; | ||
With lead(II) oxide | ||
With manganese (IV)-oxide-aluminium oxide catalyst at 450 - 485℃; | ||
beim Leiten durch ein Quarzrohr in CO2-Atmosphaere; | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: CCl4; dibenzoyl peroxide; <i>N</i>-bromo-succinimide 2: zinc-powder; ethanol | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: aluminium chloride; carbon disulfide 2: bei der Zinkstaub-Destillation | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: lead dioxide; glacial acetic acid 2: thionyl chloride; pyridine | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Pb3O4 / 60 - 70 °C 2: 520 °C / Erhitzen im Kohlendioxyd-Strom |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ozone | ||
18 g | With potassium dichromate; acetic acid at 80℃; for 6h; | 1 Example 1 In the reaction bottle, Add 15 g of acenaphthylene to 500 mL of glacial acetic acid. Add 59 g of potassium dichromate, Stir well at room temperature and slowly heat up to 80 ° C. Keep the temperature for 6h, TLC monitors the reaction of the raw materials completely, Pour the reaction solution into 2000 mL of ice water. There is solid precipitation, Filter the reaction solution, After drying the filter cake, 18 g of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride was obtained. |
16 g | With acetic acid at 20 - 80℃; for 6h; | 1 Example 1 In the reaction flask, 15 g of acenaphthene was added to 500 mL of glacial acetic acid.Add 55 g of sodium dichromate, stir evenly at room temperature, and slowly heat up to 80 ° C.Maintaining the temperature for 6 h, TLC monitored the reaction of the starting material completely.The reaction solution was poured into 2000 mL of ice water while hot, and a solid precipitated.The reaction solution was filtered under suction, and the filter cake was dried to obtain 16 g of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With Raney Ni-Al In potassium hydroxide; water at 90℃; for 6.5h; | |
With hydrogen; nickel at 250℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
58% | With bromine In tetrachloromethane Ambient temperature; | |
30% | With iodosylbenzene; hydrogen bromide In solid for 0.0833333h; Ambient temperature; | |
With diethyl ether; bromine |
With bromine In diethyl ether | ||
With bromine In dichloromethane Ambient temperature; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | In water-d2 at 20℃; for 0.5h; Irradiation; | |
90% | With oxygen In benzene Irradiation; | |
With ligroine im Sonnenlicht; Trennung von α-Heptacyclen durch fraktionierte Krystallisation aus Benzol; |
at 18 - 20℃; Irradiation; in presence of detergents; Yield given; | ||
In cyclohexane at 25℃; Irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With iodine; silver(I) acetate; acetic acid Reagens 4: H2O; | ||
With dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid | ||
With pyridine; trimethylamine-N-oxide; <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol In water at 85℃; for 24h; |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: acetic acid; HOCl 2: Hydrolysis |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With tetraethylammonium bromide In ethanol at 60℃; electrolysis, lead cathode; | |
98% | With benzenetellurol In ethanol; ethyl acetate for 4h; Heating; other reagent, reaction time; | |
98% | With iodine; hypophosphorous acid In acetic acid for 24h; Heating; |
98% | With 15-crown-5; sodium; isopropyl alcohol In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.0833333h; chemoselective reaction; | |
96% | With [4,4′-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine-N1,N1′]bis{3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate; methylamine hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; Irradiation; | |
93% | With hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran Ambient temperature; atmospheric pressure; | |
91% | With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol at 70℃; for 8h; | |
85% | With hydrogen In water; acetic acid for 3h; competitive hydrogenation with pyrrolo<2,1,5-de>quinolizinylium perchlorate; | |
75% | With 18-crown-6 ether; sodium In 1,4-dioxane; methanol; paraffin oil at 0℃; for 0.75h; Inert atmosphere; | 3 Example 3 10ml single neck flask, a nitrogen atmosphere, was added 172.5mg (3.0mmol) of sodium reagent (40wt%, sodium paraffin dispersion, particle size <10μm), 18- crown-ether -6 674.8μl (3.0mmol), 1ml dioxane dioxane, stirred at 0 20min. Substrate solution formulation. Take 1.5ml microcentrifuge tube, was added 76.1mg (0.50mmol) acenaphthylene, 229.3μl (3.0mmol) in methanol, 1ml dioxane, shake, taken into a syringe, 1ml washed with dioxane, taken into a syringe. The prepared mixed solution was added to a single-mouth bottle and stirred at 0 ° C for 45 minutes.2ml reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 solution, warmed to room temperature. Diethyl ether was added and extracted with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, the organic phase was dried, concentrated, and column chromatographed to give 57.8mg of the title compound in 75% yield |
62% | With vanadium monochloride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | |
22% | With sodium tetrahydroborate; <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-aniline In ethanol Irradiation; Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given; | |
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride; ethoxyethoxyethanol at 120℃; | ||
With palladium; cyclohexene | ||
73 % Spectr. | With methanol In tetrahydrofuran for 18h; Ambient temperature; | |
With methanol; lithium 1.) THF, sonication, 90 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min; Yield given; | ||
With samarium diiodide; water; triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; | ||
92 %Chromat. | With methanol; samarium diiodide In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; Inert atmosphere; Flow reactor; | |
With hydrogen; barium In benzene-d6 at 150℃; for 24h; Autoclave; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; | ||
55 %Spectr. | With [(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Ir(benzo[h]quinoline(-1H))H]; hydrogen In toluene at 25℃; for 24h; Irradiation; Glovebox; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
23% | With manganese(IV) oxide; thionyl chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20 - 25℃; | |
With (Dichloroiodo)benzene In chloroform Heating; | ||
With (Dichloroiodo)benzene |
With trithiazyl trichloride In benzene | ||
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: Cl2 / 5 h / 0 °C 2: (pyrolysis) 3: 130 - 140 °C | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Cl2 / 5 h / 0 °C 2: (pyrolysis) | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Cl2 / 5 h / 0 °C 2: (pyrolysis) | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Cl2 / dimethylformamide / 5 h / 0 °C 2: 130 - 140 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94.85% | In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene Reflux; | 1.1 1. In a 2000 mL three-necked flask, add 1000 mL of xylene, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (100 g 370 mmol), acenaphthylene (90 g 560 mmol), and heat to reflux overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and about 150 mL was remained. 500 mL of petroleum ether was added, stirred for 30 min, filtered, and the solid was vacuum dried at 60° C. for 6 h to obtain 167.5 g of a solid with a yield of 94.85%. |
60% | In benzonitrile at 140℃; for 7h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With zinc copper | ||
With iodine; copper In benzene Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 10 naptho[1 ‘,8a’ ,8’ :bc]-bicyclo[3.1.O]hex-2-ene: naptho[1 ‘,8a’ ,8’ :bc]-bicyclo[3.1.O]hex-2-ene: To a solution of acenaphthylene (12.0 g, 79 mmol, 1.0 eq) in benzene (750 mL) were added methylene iodide (19.7 mL,65.4 g, 244 mmol, 3.1 eq), copper powder (22.4 g, 350 mmol, 4.4 eq) and 12 (1.0 g,3.94 mmol, 0.05 eq). The mixture was refluxed under N2 for 48 h. Additional methylene iodide (65.4 g, 244 mmol, 3.1 eq) and copper powder (11.2 g, 175 mmol, 2.2 eq) were added, the reaction mixture were heated overnight. More methylene iodide (65.4 g, 244 mmol, 3.1 eq) was added, the reaction mixture was stuffed under refluxedfor 4 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, washed with hexane, and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to dryness, which was purified by silica gel chromatography column (hexane), and further recrystallized with EtOAc/hexane to give the title compound. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) i5 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 4H), 3.01 (dd, J = 3.9 and 7.8 Hz, 2 H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 0.78 (dd,J = 4.2 Hz, 1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50% | With potassium acetate In various solvent(s) at 120℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With hydrogen In benzene at 100℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | In dichloromethane; acetonitrile at 0℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | Stage #1: acenaphthylene With N-Bromosuccinimide In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In diethyl ether at 20℃; | 19A Example 1 9A: Preparation of 6b,7a-Dihydroacenaphtho [1 ,2-bj oxirene (Compound 30-2) Example 1 9A: Preparation of 6b,7a-Dihydroacenaphtho [1 ,2-bj oxirene (Compound 30-2) [004491 To a solution of acenaphthylene (Compound 30-1, 20 g, 132 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (150 mL) and water (20 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (28.0 g, 158 mmol) slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After completion, the solution was extracted with diethyl ether, the combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in diethyl ether and sodium hydroxide (26.4 g, 660 mmol) was added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After completion, the reaction mixture was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to yield 6b,7a-dihydroacenaphtho[1,2-b]oxirene (Compound 30-2, 22 g, yield: 99%) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI): m/z 169 [M + H]. ‘H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): (54.89 (s, 2 H), 7.46 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (t, J 6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J 8.4 Hz, 2H). |
97% | With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane In acetone at 20℃; for 1h; | |
95% | With 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride In acetonitrile at -30℃; for 10h; various arenes, solvents + times; |
95% | With 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride In acetonitrile at -30℃; for 12h; | |
40% | With (2-hydroperoxy-2-methylpropyl)-polysryrene resin In 1,4-dioxane at 30℃; for 36h; | |
30% | With 18-crown-6 ether; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 10h; | |
With meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride; iodosylbenzene In dichloromethane for 0.5h; Ambient temperature; Yield given; | ||
With oxygen; isobutyraldehyde In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 2h; Green chemistry; | General procedure for oxidation of alkenes General procedure: Alkenes (5 mmol) in 10 mL acetonitrile were taken in round bottomed flask along with 50 mg of the polymer supported cobalt catalyst. Molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure as an oxidizing agent was bubbled through the reaction medium. 2-methylpropanal (1 mmol) was added to the reaction medium which plays the role both reductant of the catalytic centre and co-catalyst of epoxidation reaction. Whole reaction mixture was stirred until completion of the reaction. Then the solvent was evaporated to yield a residue, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate. After that mixture was extracted with aqueous NaHCO3 and then with water. To obtain the final product, organic layer should be dried and the solvent should be evaporated to give the desired product and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. | |
96.4 % ee | Stage #1: acenaphthylene With C36H52BF4MnN2O2; 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.0333333h; enantioselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With sodium tetrahydroborate; titanium tetrachloride In 1,2-dimethoxyethane Ambient temperature; | |
76% | With oxygen; tetraethylammonium borohydride In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; isopropyl alcohol for 192h; Ambient temperature; | |
11% | With sodium tetrahydroborate; oxygen In 1,2-dimethoxyethane for 20h; |
With sodium tetrahydroborate; tin(IV) chloride |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
27% | With disulfur dichloride; aluminium trichloride In sulfuryl dichloride at 64℃; for 4h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93.5% | With Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; acetic acid at 40℃; for 5h; | 10 Example 10 The 3.04g (20mmol, M = 152.20) acenaphthylene (I-7), 9.29g (23mmol, M = 404.00) Fe (NO3) 3 · 9H2O was added to 35mL CH3COOH, and the temperature was controlled at 40 for 5h. To give yellow product 4-nitro-acenaphthylene (II-7), 93.5% yield. HPLC purity 98.5%. |
57% | With nitric acid; acetic acid | |
2 g | With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate In acetic acid |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
35% | With sodium borodeuteride; oxygen In d(4)-methanol at -40℃; for 45h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With ethyl nitrite; tetraethylammonium borohydride In benzene for 48h; Ambient temperature; | |
45% | With nitric oxide; tetraethylammonium borohydride In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; isopropyl alcohol for 36h; Ambient temperature; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 66% 2: 24 mg | With ozone In diethyl ether at -70℃; for 0.316667h; on polyethylene; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With benzeneseleninic anhydride In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 2h; | |
79% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; water; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In dimethyl sulfoxide at 60 - 70℃; for 3h; | |
36% | With sodium dichromate; cerous nitrate In acetic acid for 19h; Ambient temperature; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | With 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 30℃; for 0.25h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With dinitrogen tetraoxide In diethyl ether | ||
With Nitryl chloride In tetrachloromethane at 0℃; | ||
11.95 g | With Nitryl chloride In tetrachloromethane at 0℃; for 0.5h; | Commercially available acenaphthylene (31.58 g, 75% purity, 0.156 mol) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (100 mL) and cooled to 0 C. A solution of NO2Cl (9.8 g, 0.12 mol) in carbon tetrachloride (100 g) was added dropwise to the stirred acenaphthylene solution while maintaining the temperature at 0 C. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for a further 30 min. The solution was washed with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (250 mL) and water (250 mL) and the aqueous solutions were back extracted with chloroform to minimize losses. The combined organic solutions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and the solvents removed under reduced pressure. The solid residue was dissolved in a small amount of toluene, loaded onto a silica column, and eluted with hexanes. The first yellow fraction was discarded, and the product was then collected as an orange fraction. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1- nitroacenaphthylene (11.95 g, 60.6 mmol, 50%) as an orange powder, mp 122e123 C (lit. mp [45] 124e125 C). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): d 8.40 (1H, d, J 7.0 Hz, 8-H), 8.10 (dd, 1H, J 8.0, 0.6 Hz), 8.03 (s, 1H, 2-H), 8.01 (d, 1H, J 7.0 Hz, 3-H), 7.97 (d, 1H, J 8.2 Hz), 7.71e7.67 (m, 2H, 4,7-H). 13C (125 MHz, CDCl3): d 149.1, 132.9, 132.8, 131.5, 130.6, 130.1, 129.8, 128.8, 128.7, 128.6, 128.1, 126.7. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | In toluene for 2h; Reflux; | 5.3. [4+2]ϖ Cycloadducts (3) of 1 with acenaphthylene (2) (general procedure) General procedure: A solution of 1a (3.82 g, 10 mmol) and 2 (1.83 g, 12 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was refluxed until the dark green colour had faded out (2 h). After cooling, the precipitated crystals were collected and washed with cold ether and dried under vacuum. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With iodine; calcium at 50℃; for 4h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With tri(decyl)(methyl)phosphonium tribromide In Hexadecane for 240h; | |
96% | With hydrogen bromide; oxygen; sodium nitrite In water; acetonitrile at 22℃; for 8h; diastereoselective reaction; | |
93% | With pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; |
88% | With Oxalyl bromide; dimethyl sulfoxide In dichloromethane at -10 - 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; stereoselective reaction; | Bromination of Alkenes, Alkynes and Ketones; General Procedure General procedure: To a solution of (COBr)2 (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10mL) at -10 °C was added dropwise a solution of DMSO (0.21 mL, 3.0mmol, 1.5 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. After 10 min, a solution of alkene, alkyne or ketone (2 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added. The mixture was then allowed to warm to 20-40 °C and stirred for 0.5-3 h. Distilled H2O (20 mL) was added dropwise at 0 °C. After stirring for 10 min, the organic layer was separated and washed with brine (2 × 20 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the brominated product. Most products can be obtained in high purity without further purification, except 3n, 7d, and 7f. The three products need purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, PE/EtOAc = 10:1 for 3n, PE/EtOAc= 60:1 for 7d, PE/EtOAc = 20:1 for 7f). |
67% | With hydrogen bromide; dimethyl sulfoxide In chloroform; water at 35℃; for 32h; | |
31% | With ammonium fluoride; N-Bromosuccinimide In dichloromethane; water at 25℃; for 4.5h; Darkness; | Typical Procedure for the Dibromination of Olefin 1a UsingNBS and Aqueous Ammonium Fluoride General procedure: To a solution of olefin(1a; 21 mg, 0.202 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (1.0 mL) wasadded N-bromosuccinimide (78.3 mg, 0.44 mmol, 2.2 equiv)and saturated aqueous ammonium fluoride (0.16 mL) in theabsence of light. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureand the reaction was monitored by TLC. The reactionwas quenched with saturated aqueous Na2S2O3 (5 mL) andextracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 10 mL). The combined extracts weredried over anhydrous MgSO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure and the residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography to yield the dibromide 2a(37.1 mg, 70%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With 6[Pd(en)(NO3)2]*4[2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine] In water-d2 at 20℃; for 3h; UV-irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With 6[Pd(en)(NO3)2]*4[2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine] In water-d2 at 20℃; for 3h; UV-irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With palladium diacetate; tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride; sodium acetate In ethylene glycol at 100℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In ethyl acetate at 70℃; for 20h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | In xylene at 150℃; for 36h; | 1.3 Compound 7 as a solid was loaded into a 1-L reaction vessel, and.600 mL of xylene, 5.2 g (27.3 mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 13.9 g (91.3 mmol) of acenaphthylene were added to the vessel. The solution was vigorously stirred at 1500C for 36 hours.. Xylene was removed under reduced pressure, and 100 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate water and 400 mL of distilled water were added to the solution, followed by extraction with chloroform (500 mL * twice) . An organic layer was collected, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate water, distilled water, and a saturated salt solution, and dried with anhydrous MgSO4. After that, the desiccant was separated by filtration. 600 g of silica gel was added to the filtrate, and the solvent was condensed and removed, whereby a black silica gel carrier was obtained. The carrier was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography (mobile phase; chloroform : hexane = 1 : 3 to chloroform : hexane = L: 1), whereby a reddish brown solid was obtained. The solid was suspended in a small amount of chloroform, and diethyl ether was added to the suspension to precipitate a crystal. The crystal was taken by filtration and purified by means of silica gel column chromatography (mobile phase; chloroform : hexane = 1 : 3 to chloroform : hexane = 1 : 2) again, whereby a reddish brown solid was obtained. The solid was suspended in a small amount of chloroform, and diethyl ether was added to the suspension, followed by filtration. After that, the resultant crystal was dried in a vacuum, and was then subjected to sublimation purification, whereby 23.6 g (36.3' mmol, '40% yield) of Exemplified . Compound No. A-I was obtained. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In xylene at 150℃; for 36h; | 21 .97 g (18.3 mitiol) of 3-bromofluoranthene and 200 mL of diethyl ether were added to a 300 mL reaction vessel. The solution was cooled to - 78°C, and 11.6 mL (18.3 mmol) of a. solution of n- butyllithium in. hexane having a concentration of 1.57 mol/L were added to the solution over 10 minutes. After the solution had been stirred at the temperature for 30 minutes, Compound 22 (5.15 g, 18.3 mmol) dissolved in 50 rtiL of diethyl ether was added to the solution in one stroke. The solution was heated to room temperature while a cooling bath was attached, and 100 iriL of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium chloride were added to the suspension, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate (100 iriL x twice) . An organic, layer was collected, washed with distilled water and a saturated salt solution, and dried with anhydrous MgSO4. After that, the solution was condensed and dried in a high vacuum, whereby a tan solid compound was obtained.The resultant solid compound was loaded into a 500 mL reaction vessel, and 100 mL of xylene, 1.56 g (8.19 mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 4.17 g (27.4 mmol) of acenaphthylene were added to the vessel. The solution was vigorously stirred at 1500C for 36, hours. Xylene was removed under reduced pressure, and 100 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate water and 100 mL of distilled water were added to the solution, followed by extraction with chloroform (100 mL x twice) . An organic layer was collected, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate water, distilled water, and a saturated salt solution, and dried with anhydrous MgSO4. After that, the desiccant was separated by filtration. After the filtrate was condensed, a black silica gel carrier was obtained. The carrier was purified by means of silica gel column chromatography (mobile phase; chloroform : hexane = 1 : 3 to chloroform : hexane = 1 : 1) , whereby a reddish brown solid was obtained. The solid was suspended in a small amount of chloroform, and diethyl ether was added to the suspension to precipitate a crystal. The crystal was taken by filtration and purified by means of silica gel column chromatography (mobile phase; chloroform : hexane = 1 : 3 to chloroform : hexane = 1 : 2) again, whereby a reddish brown solid was obtained. The solid was suspended in a small amount of chloroform, and diethyl ether was added to the suspension, followed by filtration. After that, the resultant crystal was dried in a vacuum, and was then subjected to sublimation purification, whereby 2.5 g (3.88 mmol,. 21% yield) of Exemplified Compound No. A-33 were • obtained. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed that the compound had an M+ of 644.3. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 2-iodo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene With n-butyllithium In n-heptane at -30 - 0℃; for 0.666667h; Stage #2: 3-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-furo[3,4-c]pyridine-1-(3H)-one In n-heptane; toluene at -50 - 0℃; Stage #3: acenaphthylene With water; sodium carbonate; toluene-4-sulfonic acid more than 3 stages; | 1.2 (2) Synthesis of Exemplified Compound 1308Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2.94 g (9.19 mmol) of 2-iodo-9, 9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene was dissolved in heptane (88 mL) , and the solution was cooled to -300C. After that, 5.7 mL (1.6-mol/L solution, 9.12 mmol) of normal butyllithium was slowly dropped to the solution, After having been stirred at -300C for 30 minutes, the mixture was heated to 00C, and was stirred for 10 minutes. After that, the mixture was cooled to -500C. A solution (90 mL) of Intermediate Compound 1 (1.48 g, 4.52 mmol) in toluene was dropped to the mixture at - 500C, and the whole was slowly heated to 00C. After water had been added to the resultant at 00C to stop .the reaction, 5 mL of acetic acid was added to the resultant. Toluene was added to the resultant to separate an organic layer, and the layer was washed with water twice. After that, the solvent was removed by distillation. Xylene (45 mL) was added to the resultant residue, and then 1.39 g (9.13 mmol) of acenaphthylene and 1.75 g (9.20 mmol) of p- toluenesulfonic monohydrate were added to the residue. Then, the mixture was stirred under heat and reflux for 8 hours. After the mixture had been cooled to room temperature, water was added to the mixture to stop the reaction. Sodium carbonate was added to the mixture, and the whole was repeatedly extracted with chloroform twice, whereby an organic layer was separated. After the organic layer had been washed with water twice, the solvent was removed by distillation. The resultant residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (toluene : ethyl acetate = 30 : 1) , whereby 0.38 g of Exemplified Compound 1308 was obtained.A mass spectrometer manufactured by Waters Corporation was used to identify 636.3 as the M+ of the compound.Further, NMR measurement identified the structure of the compound (FIG. 6) .The PL spectrum of a solution (1.0 x 10~5 mol/L) of Exemplified Compound 1308 in toluene was measured. As a result, a blue light emission spectrum having a light emission peak at 435 ran, a half width of 62 nm, and an excellent color purity was shown (FIG. 13) . |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 72h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
42% | With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 72h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide In tetrachloromethane at 75℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 1.a; 2.a; 3.a; 4.a; 5.a; 6.a; 7.a; 8.a; 9.a; 10.a a) Preparation of 1,2-dibromoacenaphthylene: Under an argon atmosphere,In a Schlenk flask was charged sequentially 10mmol acenaphthylene (Zahn Chemical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.), 30mmol bromosuccinimide and benzoyl peroxide to 0.1mmol, 25mL of carbon tetrachloride was added to dissolve the Reactant,The reaction was carried out at 75 ° C for 4 hours. After cooling, the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, and the reaction solution was extracted with dichloromethane.The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the organic phase solvent was removed, and column chromatography was performed using petroleum ether as a developing agent (Rf = 0.9) to obtain 1,2-dibromoacenaphthylene in a yield of 61%. |
With N-Bromosuccinimide | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Br2 / diethyl ether 2: NBS, (PhCO)2O2 / CCl4 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 93 percent / pyridinium tribromide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 20 °C 2: 81 percent / DBU / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 85 °C | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 58 percent / Br2 / CCl4 / Ambient temperature 2: 86 percent / DBU / Ambient temperature | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 54 percent / monopyridinebromine(I) chloride / CCl4 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: silver fluoride / benzene; acetonitrile / 2.5 h / -8 °C |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: diethyl ether; bromine 2: alcoholic potash |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: NBS, BPO / CCl4 / 50 h / Heating 2: 97 percent / sodium methoxide / methanol / 16.5 h / Ambient temperature; var. of base | ||
With potassium hydroxide In tetrachloromethane; water | 9 EXAMPLE 9 EXAMPLE 9 A mixture of 0.2388 g. of 2-thia-2,3-dihydrophenalene 2,2-dioxide, 2.4528 g. of powdered potassium hydroxide, 0.2 ml. of water and 5 ml. of carbon tetrachloride was stirred under reflux for 5 hours. The reaction mass was cooled and a small proportion of water added thereto. The resulting mixture was extracted with petroleum ether and the extract washed with dilute potassium hydroxide, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum, yielding 0.0721 g. of acenaphthylene. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | In n-heptane under reflux for 24 h; purified (silica gel column (CH2Cl2)); | |
In n-heptane for 36h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With I2 In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: SmI2; under N2 or in vac.; mixt. of Sm metal and I2 in THF stirred for 1 h at 50°C; suspn. of SmI2 decanted off; Sm washed with warm THF; soln.of acenaphthylene added; mixt. stirred for 1 h at reflux; soln. filtered and concd.; elem. anal.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With I2 In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: YbI2; under N2 or in vac.; mixt. of Yb metal and I2 in THF stirred for 1 h at 50°C; suspn. of YbI2 decanted off; Yb washed with warm THF; soln.of acenaphthylene added; mixt. stirred for 1 h at reflux; soln. filtered and concd.; elem. anal.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
53% | With hydroquinone In toluene at 155℃; for 36h; | |
In toluene at 150℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In n-pentyl methyl ketone at 75℃; for 7h; | 4 Example 4; Synthesis of polymer (V) A separable flask equipped with a thermometer was charged with acenaphthylene (6 parts), 2-hydroxymethyl-6-vinylnaphthalene (5 parts), 2-heptanone (48 parts), and azobisisobutyronitrile (4 parts) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was polymerized at 75°C for seven hours while stirring. The reaction mixture was diluted with 2-heptanone (100 parts) and the organic layer was washed with a large amount of a mixed solvent of water and methanol (weight ratio 1:2). The solvent was evaporated to obtain Polymer (V) with an Mw of 1,200. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In acetic acid butyl ester at 80℃; for 7h; | 2 Example 2; Synthesis of polymers (III) A separable flask equipped with a thermometer was charged with acenaphthylene (8 parts), 5-hydroxymethylacenaphthylene (4 parts), n-butyl acetate (50 parts), and azobisisobutyronitrile (4 parts) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture polymerized at 80°C for seven hours while stirring. The reaction mixture was diluted with n-butyl acetate (100 parts) and the organic layer was washed with a large amount of a mixed solvent of water and methanol (weight ratio 1:2). The solvent was evaporated to obtain a Polymer (III) with an Mw of 1,000. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); In acetic acid butyl ester; at 75℃; for 7h; | A separable flask equipped with a thermometer was charged with acenaphthylene (6 parts), 4-hydroxymethyl styrene (5 parts), n-butyl acetate (44 parts), and azobisisobutyronitrile (48 parts) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture polymerized at 75°C for seven hours while stirring. The reaction mixture was diluted with n-butyl acetate (100 parts) and the organic layer was washed with a large amount of a mixed solvent of water and methanol (weight ratio 1:2). The solvent was evaporated to obtain a Polymer (IV) with an Mw of 1,200. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With Br2Co*C27H26P2; zinc(II) iodide; zinc In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | In para-xylene at 180℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | Stage #1: methanol; 4-allylguaiacol With [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene; sodium hydrogencarbonate In benzene at 0℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: acenaphthylene In benzene at 20℃; for 22h; stereoselective reaction; | 4.5. General experimental procedure for the Diels-Alder reactions of 4-allyl-2,2-dimethoxycyclohexa-3,5-dienone (1e) with olefinic dienophiles 4 General procedure: A solution of eugenol 2e (0.38-0.42 g, 2.3-2.6 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added to a suspension of (diacetoxy)-iodobenzene (0.80 g, 2.5 mmol) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (0.25 g, 3.0 mmol) in methanol (10 mL), which was cooled at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min, and a solution of the appropriate dienophile 4 in methanol (5 mL) was added. The resulting yellow solution was stirred at room temperature for 22-65 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL), and washed with water (3×20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (CH2Cl2 (4:1) CH2Cl2/EtOAc) to afford cycloadducts 7. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | In o-xylene at 230℃; for 15.5h; Sealed vessel; stereoselective reaction; | 4.4. General experimental procedure for the Diels-Alder cycloadditions of dimers 3b-d with olefinic dienophiles 4 General procedure: A mixture of dimers 3b-d (0.21-0.58 mmol), an excess of the appropriate dienophile 4 (2.33-6.05 mmol) in o-xylene (3 mL) was heated at 230 °C in a sealed test-tube for 5.5-18 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (CH2Cl2, (4:1) CH2Cl2/EtOAc) to afford cycloadducts 6. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | In o-xylene at 230℃; for 16h; Sealed vessel; stereoselective reaction; | 4.4. General experimental procedure for the Diels-Alder cycloadditions of dimers 3b-d with olefinic dienophiles 4 General procedure: A mixture of dimers 3b-d (0.21-0.58 mmol), an excess of the appropriate dienophile 4 (2.33-6.05 mmol) in o-xylene (3 mL) was heated at 230 °C in a sealed test-tube for 5.5-18 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (CH2Cl2, (4:1) CH2Cl2/EtOAc) to afford cycloadducts 6. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84% | In o-xylene at 230℃; for 17h; Sealed vessel; stereoselective reaction; | 4.4. General experimental procedure for the Diels-Alder cycloadditions of dimers 3b-d with olefinic dienophiles 4 General procedure: A mixture of dimers 3b-d (0.21-0.58 mmol), an excess of the appropriate dienophile 4 (2.33-6.05 mmol) in o-xylene (3 mL) was heated at 230 °C in a sealed test-tube for 5.5-18 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (CH2Cl2, (4:1) CH2Cl2/EtOAc) to afford cycloadducts 6. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | In o-xylene at 230℃; for 18h; Sealed vessel; stereoselective reaction; | 4.3. General experimental procedure for the Diels-Alder cycloadditions of 6-allyl-2,2-dimethoxycyclohexa-3,5-dienone (1a) with olefinic dienophiles 4 General procedure: A mixture of dimer 3a (0.39 g, 1.0 mmol), an excess of the appropriate dienophile 4 (7.35-10.60 mmol) in o-xylene (3 mL) was heated at 230 °C in a sealed test-tube for 6-43 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (CH2Cl2) to afford cycloadducts 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | In toluene for 2h; Reflux; | 5.3. [4+2]ϖ Cycloadducts (3) of 1 with acenaphthylene (2) (general procedure) General procedure: A solution of 1a (3.82 g, 10 mmol) and 2 (1.83 g, 12 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was refluxed until the dark green colour had faded out (2 h). After cooling, the precipitated crystals were collected and washed with cold ether and dried under vacuum. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | In xylene Reflux; | I.5 Example 1.5A solution of 15 g (40 mmol) of phencyclone and 7.6 g (40 mmol) of acenaphthylene in 300 ml of xylene was heated at reflux overnight. After cooling, the title compound was precipitated by adding ethanol. This gave 20.6 g (quant.) of a white solid.Rf(5: 1 toluene.petroleum ether) = 0.5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | In diethyl ether; dichloromethane; o-xylene at 100 - 140℃; for 2h; | I.9 Example 1.99.1 g (29.33 mmol) of the compound from Example 1.8 in 700 ml of dichloromethane and diethyl ether were added dropwise at 100°C to a solution of 4.46 g (29.3 mmol) of acenaphthylene in 150 ml of o-xylene. The low boilers were removed by means of a water separator. The mixture was stirred at reflux (140°C) for 2 hours. The product was poured slowly onto 1 I of petroleum ether and stirred for a further 2 hours. The precipitate formed was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated. This gave 16.33 g of the title compound (quantitative yield). Rf (100:1 toluene/acetone) = 0.53. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | Stage #1: 4,4'-(isobenzofuran-1,3-diyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline); acenaphthylene In toluene for 24h; Reflux; Stage #2: With trifluoroacetic acid In toluene at 60℃; for 3h; | 2.6 Compound 3 (3.02 g, 5 mmol) and 5-bromoacenaphthylene(1.16 g, 5 mmol) were refluxed in toluene (30 mL) for 24h. After cooling to room temperature, trifluoroacetic acid (0.78 mL) was added and heated at 60 °C for 3h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica (hexane/CH2Cl2 = 6:1) to yield 4 as a green solid. A procedure similar to that for the compound 4 but with acenaphthylene (0.76 g, 5 mmol) instead of acenaphthylene-5-carbaldehyde giving the compound DPBF as a yellow-green solid (1.23 g, 68%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, δ): 7.79-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.76 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.47 (m, 28H), 7.07-7.11 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 6.88-6.90 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3, δ): 147.82, 147.54, 136.82, 135.66, 135.07, 134.70, 133.12, 132.63, 130.90, 130.19, 129.44, 129.31, 127.84, 126.88, 125.94, 125.78, 124.63, 124.49, 124.31, 124.12, 124.01, 123.11, 122.99, 122.24. HRMS (m/z): [M+H]+ calcd for C56H38N2: 739.3113, found: 739.3121. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 5h; Irradiation; | 1 4.4. General procedure for the cycloaddition of iodonium ylides with alkenes General procedure: A solution of iodonium ylide 4 (1.00-4.14 mmol), and alkene 2 (4.05-145 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) or acetonitrile (10 mL) was irradiated (250 W) at room temperature for 40-360 min. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford fused dihydrofuran 3. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | With [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 4h; Irradiation; regioselective reaction; | 1 4.2. General procedure for the one-pot, three-component synthesis of dihydrofurans 3 General procedure: A solution of 1,3-cyclohexanedione 1 (1.00-2.00 mmol), iodobenzene diacetate (1.00-2.00 mmol) and alkene 2 (4.05-14.71 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was irradiated (250 W) at room temperature for 40-360 min. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford fused dihydrofuran 3. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 34% 2: 43% | In dichloromethane at 140℃; for 3h; | A solution of epoxide 11 (60 mg, 0.146 mmol) and acenaphthylene(29; 33 mg, 0.220 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (0.5 mL) was heated in a stainless steel reactor at 140 °C for 3 h. Evaporation of solvent in vacuo yielded a yellow-coloured solid, which was subjected to radial chromatography[PE-EtOAc (10:1), then the solvent polarity was gradually increased to EtOAc] to yield a mixture of isomeric adducts endo-34a and exo-34b. Final separation was achieved by HPLC (inversephase column, 90% MeOH, 10% H2O) to afford products 34a and 34b in inverse order of elution (Table 1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71% | In o-xylene for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 2 Synthesis of Compound [2] Mixed were 14.0 g of acenaphthylene, 25.0 g of diphenylisobenzofuran and 200 ml of o-xylene, and the mixture was heated and refluxed under a nitrogen flow. After 2 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the solvent was then distilled off, and 300 mL of ether was added. The resultant precipitate was filtered, and vacuum-dried to obtain 27.7 g of an intermediate D (yield: 71%). |
71% | In o-xylene for 2h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | 1 14.0 g of acenaphthylene, 25.0 g of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran and 200 ml of o-xylene were mixed, And heated under reflux in a nitrogen stream. After 2 hours, After cooling to room temperature, The solvent was distilled off, Then add ether 300mL. The obtained precipitate was filtered,And vacuum drying, Whereby 27.7 g of intermediate A (71% yield) was obtained. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | Stage #1: 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dienone; acenaphthylene In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; Stage #2: With iron(III) chloride In nitromethane; dichloromethane | 1-1 Synthesis Example 1-1 1.9 g (12.5 mmol) of acenaphthylene is mixed with 5.11 g (13.3 mmol) of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone in 40 ml of xylene, and the mixture is refluxed for 16 hours under an argon atmosphere. The mixture is cooled down to room temperature, and 300 ml of ethanol is added thereto. A precipitate produced therein is filtered. The filtrate is cleaned with ethanol and dried under vacuum. The obtained solid is dissolved in 100 ml of a mixed solvent of acetone/benzene (1:5 v/v), and a KMnO4/acetone solution is added thereto until the solution becomes purple. The KMnO4 is removed by filtering the mixture through a silica gel column, and the solvent is evaporated therefrom. The resultant is dried under vacuum, obtaining a yellow solid. 506 mg (1 mmol) of the yellow solid is dissolved in 40 ml of CH2Cl2, and another solution prepared by dissolving 1.9 g (11.7 mmol) of FeCl3 in 3 ml of nitromethane is added thereto. The mixture is sufficiently agitated, and 40 ml of methanol is added thereto. A precipitate produced therein is filtered, cleaned with 40 ml of methanol, and dried under a reduced pressure. The obtained product is purified through silica gel column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane/petroleum ether mixed in a ratio of 1:1), obtaining a red compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 aa. The yield is 90%. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C2D2Cl4, 130 8C): d. 7.80 (d, 3J (H, H)). 7.3 (Hz, 4H), 7.30±7.26 (m, 20H), 6.87±6.78 (m, 20 H), 6.55 (d, 3J (H, H)). 7.3 (Hz, 4H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, C2D2Cl4, 130 8C): d, 141.3, 140.2, 137.8, 137.2, 136.8, 134.8, 131.7, 130.5, 128.4, 127.2, 126.9, 125.6, 124.4, 122.2, 121.8; MS (FD): m/z (%): 1008.9 ([M], 100); elemental analysis calc'd (%) for C80H48 (1009.26): C, 95.21; H, 4.79. found C, 95.73; H, 4.99. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With triethylamine In chloroform for 6h; Reflux; | Synthesis of 1,4-Bis-(4-cyano-1-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl) benzene(9) and 1,4-Bis-(1-phenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-c] pyrazol-3-yl)benzene (12) General procedure: To a solution of the bis-hydrazonoyl chloride 1 (1.15 g, 3mmol) and fumaronitrile (0.47 g, 6 mmol) in chloroform (20mL) was added to triethylamine (0.6 mL, 6 mmol) at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 6 h andthen cooled, the excess chloroform was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was treated with ethanol (10mL). The solid that precipitated was collected and crystallizedfrom dimethylformamide.When the above procedure was repeated using acenaphthalene(0.9 g, 6 mmol) in place of fumaronitrile, the product12 was obtained. The compounds 9 and 12 prepared togetherwith their physical properties are listed below: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With copper(l) iodide; tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate In water at 50℃; for 6h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With water; ozone In ethyl acetate at 0℃; Flow reactor; | Standard ozonolysis procedure. General procedure: The syringe pumps and the lm-shear reactorwere primed by running 50 mL EtOAc at 10 mL/min and 50 mL deionized H2O at 10 ml/min with the rotor running at 2000 RPM. This procedure was repeated with pure oxygen also owing at 0.8 L/min The lm-shear reaction chamberwas cooled to 0 C with a recirculator. Both a 0.10 M solution of alkene in EtOAc at 0 °C and deionized water at 0 °C were pumped into a ‘T’ valve (10 mL/min each) generating the plug-ow mixture that entered the film-shear reactor. Ozone was sparged through the reaction chamber at 0.8 L/min. Aproduct ask was primed with 2 mol equiv of a sodium sulte solution toquench any hydrogen peroxide produced. The resulting product mixture was collected in a fume hood (CAUTION residual ozone, formaldehyde, andhydrogen peroxide may be present as an aerosol; perform only in a well ventilated hood). The pH was adjusted to 3 using 3 M HCl (aq) . The two resulting layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed three times with 15 mLof EtOAc, then the organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered,and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The products were puried asnoted in Supplemental information. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With copper(l) iodide; tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate; trimethylsilylazide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 6h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | 1.A2; 1.B2; 21 Method B1: General procedure: Adding a compound containing carbon-carbon double bonds (1 equivalent) to the Schlenk tube, CuI (10 mol%),TMSN3 (212 mg, 1.75 mmol, 3.5 equivalents), TBPB (149 mg, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and CH3CN (2 mL) were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 50 ° C for 6 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was extracted with a saturated NaHCO3 solution and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was evaporated on a rotary evaporator, and the silica gel was passed through a column to obtain a diazide compound. |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: copper(II) nitrate trihydrate; N-Bromosuccinimide / 1,4-dioxane / 1 h / 80 °C 2: sodium azide / dimethyl sulfoxide / 1 h / 40 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | With N-Bromosuccinimide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 8 Synthesis of compound A23: Compound A22 (1.52g, 10mmol) was dissolved in 80ml DMF, 7.4g (41.6mmol) NBS was dissolved in 73ml DMF solvent,Then the NBS solution was added dropwise into the substrate solution at a rate of 3-5 drops per second, and stirred.At room temperature, the reaction stopped after the dropwise addition. 30 ml of water was added dropwise to the reaction solution, recrystallized, and filtered to obtain the product A23 (2.54 g, 82%). |
33% | With N-Bromosuccinimide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5 Synthesis of 5,6-dibromoacenaphthylene A mixture of 70 g (460 mmol) of Acenaphthylene and 100 ml of DMF was placed under nitrogen and stirred at 0° C. After 180 g (1012 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide in 300 ml of DMF was added dropwise, the temperature was raised to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 18 hours. The precipitated product was filtered off with suction and washed with EtOH. The residue was recrystallized from EtOH to give product (47 g, 151.8 mmol, 33%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | With C31H51N2ScSi2; N,N'-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate In toluene at 120℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
35% | With chromium(III) chloride tris(tetrahydrofuran) solvate; N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine; 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclo-hexadiene In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 50℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With iodine In neat (no solvent) for 0.666667h; Irradiation; Green chemistry; regioselective reaction; | General experimental procedures for 4aa-4ae General procedure: In a vial was placed alkene (0.3 mmol), TMSCN (0.3 mmol), N,N-disubstituted formamide (0.3 mmol) and molecular iodine (0.3 mmol), then the contents were reacted under ultrasound irradiation. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by addition of 10 mL of water. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with EtOAc (10 mL × 3), and the combine organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness, and to afford the desired products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
53% | With p-cresol; tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride hexahydrate In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 12h; Irradiation; | 18 Example 18 Add Hans ester Et-HE (0.8mmol) to the reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar,Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O (0.004 mmol) and p-cresol (0.08 mmol).Cover the reaction tube, pump nitrogen for three times, and inject acenaphthylene (0.4mmol),Ethyl diazoacetate (0.8 mmol) and anhydrous dichloromethane (2.0 mL, 0.2M).Then the reaction tube was placed about 15 cm away from the 50W blue light source for light and stirring.React at 25°C for 12 hours until the diazonium consumption is complete (monitored by thin layer chromatography).After the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, a crude product was obtained.The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the corresponding product (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 30:1), the total yield: 53%. |
53% | With tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride hexahydrate; diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate; para-thiocresol In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With [4,4′-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine-N1,N1′]bis{3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate; fluorosulfonylchloride In diethyl ether at 20℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; | |
55% | Stage #1: acenaphthylene With α,α,α-trifluorotoluene; fluorosulfonylchloride; rhodamine 6G In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; Stage #2: With sodium carbonate In water for 1.5h; | 11 Add to the dry Schlenk tubeRhodamine 6G (0.01 mmol, 5 mol%),Then add it under argon atmosphereAcenaphthylene (0.2 mmol),Anhydrous Et2O (2.0 mL, 0.08 M),And FSO2Cl (0.6 mmol,Dissolved in anhydrous PhCF3, 1.5 mol/L).The reaction mixture was used at room temperature with 460nmA blue LED lamp of wavelength was irradiated and stirred for 12 hours.Then, add Na2CO3 solution (1.0mmol, 1.0 mol/L),And the reaction mixture was stirred for another 1.5h,Then it was extracted with ethyl acetate.Combined organic layers,Wash with saturated brine,After drying with Na2SO4,Filter and concentrate.Further purification on silica gel by column chromatography or preparative thin layer chromatography (eluent is petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20:1 (v/v)),The product was obtained as a white solid (26 mg, 55% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.666667h; Inert atmosphere; | BF3·Et2O-Mediated Cycloaddition Reaction between N-AcyliminiumCations Generated from 3-Aryl-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinazolin-2(1H)-ones and Alkenes; General Procedure D (GP-D) General procedure: A 50-mL evaporating flask containing crude hydroxylactam 7d,f,g,h,l(0.5 mmol) was charged with alkene 8 (0.75 mmol), anhyd DCM (10mL) and a small magnetic stirrer. Under an argon atmosphere,BF3·Et2O (0.6 mmol) was added in one portion to the solution of 7 and8. The mixture was stirred at RT for 40 min until hydroxylactam 7 wasfully consumed according to TLC. The mixture was quenched with sat.aq NaHCO3 soln (15 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture wastransferred into a separatory funnel. The organic layer was separated,washed with water (2 ×) and brine (2 ×). The organic phase was dried(anhyd Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by PTLC (alumina, hexane/DCM 3:2) followed by crystallization(EtOH) to afford the pure products 9a-e, 10-13. Compound 14was obtained as the main product upon treatment of hydroxylactam7d with BF3·Et2O in moist DCM |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate; trimethylsilylazide; N,N,N-tributyl-1-butanaminium iodide; copper(II) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) In lithium hydroxide monohydrate at 50℃; for 6h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | Oxyazidation of Alkenes in Pure Water; General Procedure General procedure: To a flame-dried Schlenk tube were added Cu(OTf)2(0.025 mmol, 5mol%), tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.05 mmol, 10 mol%), TEMPO(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl 1-oxyl) (0.6 mmol, 1.2 equiv), andH2O (2 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the alkene (0.5 mmol,1.0 equiv), TMSN3(0.6 mmol, 1.2 equiv) and TBPB (0.6 mmol, 1.2equiv) were sequentially added. The reaction mixture was stirred at50 °C (oil bath) for typically 6 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, saturated NaHCO3solution wasadded and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 15 mL).The organic phase was combined and dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 100:0 ~ 100:5) to give the corresponding product. |
Tags: 208-96-8 synthesis path| 208-96-8 SDS| 208-96-8 COA| 208-96-8 purity| 208-96-8 application| 208-96-8 NMR| 208-96-8 COA| 208-96-8 structure
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