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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid is the main metabolite of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, a product of acid-catalyzed degradation of sugars during the heating and storage of foods that influences taste and physiological functions in the body.
Synonyms: NSC 40739
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Porous dendritic BiSn electrocatalysts for hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Piao, Guangxia ; Yoon, Sun Hee ; Cha, Hyun Gil ; Han, Dong Suk ; Park, Hyunwoong ;
Abstract: The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is an alternative to conventional heterogeneous catalysis with H2 at high temperatures and pressures. Although Ag is the most representative electrocatalyst, it works only under limited conditions. This study synthesizes highly porous dendritic Bi, Sn, and BiSn electrocatalysts using an in situ generated hydrogen bubble template. Density functional theory computations on the adsorption energy and elementary hydrogenation reaction steps of HMF predict the superiority of Bi to Sn and the intermediate behavior of BiSn between Bi and Sn. The dendritic BiSn catalyst generates a current density of ∼144 mA cm−2 at a faradaic efficiency (FE) of ∼100% for BHMF production at pH ∼ 7 (corresponding to the BHMF production rate of ∼2.7 mmol h−1 cm−2) in prolonged electrolysis. Considering the material cost (
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Purchased from AmBeed: 13529-17-4 ; 823-82-5 ; 3238-40-2 ; 67-47-0 ; 6338-41-6 ; 1883-75-6
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CAS No. : | 6338-41-6 |
Formula : | C6H6O4 |
M.W : | 142.11 |
SMILES Code : | C1=C(OC(=C1)CO)C(=O)O |
Synonyms : |
NSC 40739
|
MDL No. : | MFCD03274472 |
InChI Key : | PCSKKIUURRTAEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 80642 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; sodium hydroxide; In aq. phosphate buffer; at 35℃; for 0.5h;pH 8.5;Enzymatic reaction; | ALD-003 (5mg), NOX-009 or NOX-001 (5mg) and NAD or NADP (2Omol% based upon the amount of ALD-003) was added to 0.5mL 0.25M KPi (pH 8.5). The pH was adjusted to pH 8.5 with 1M NaOH. 10mM DFF or HMF was added and the reaction was left in ashaking incubator at 35C. After a specified time the reaction was quenched with 1 M HCI, centrifuged and analysed by RP-HPLC. The results are found in Tables 5, 6, and 7A. Reaction Conditions: 0.SmL KPi 0.25M pH 8.5, 5mg CFE, 2Omol% cofactor, 5mg NOX,10mM Substrate, 35C, reaction time 30 minutes. |
99% | With oxygen; sodium hydroxide; In water; at 20℃; | 0.2g of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,0.05g Ag-PVP/ZrO2 catalyst (Ag:PVP=1:0.5 (molar ratio), 2.5% load),0.126g NaOH, 50mL water was added to a 150mL three-necked flask,And oxygen is introduced, the oxygen flow rate is 60 mL/min, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 C.Real-time sampling,The product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography for the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-hydroxymethylnonanoic acid.When the reaction is 12h,The conversion rate of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is 99%.Yield of 5-hydroxymethyl-furoic acid 99%The selectivity is 100%. |
92% | With oxygen; sodium hydroxide; In water; at 80℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 12h;Autoclave; Green chemistry; | Take 0.317 g of HMF, 2 g of NaOH (20%) and 3 ml of water into the autoclave. The reaction vessel was charged with 10 ml of polytetrafluoroethylene lined autoclave with 0.30 g Pt / NaY (Pt lwt% As the catalyst, the program temperature to 80 C, filled with 0.5MPa oxygen, the reaction 12 hours, the reaction process continue to add oxygen to ensure that the reaction at constant temperature and constant pressure. The reaction product was centrifuged and the supernatant was removed and analyzed using HPLC. The results showed that the conversion rate of HMF was 100% and the yield of HMFA was 92%. The reaction results are shown in Table 1. |
With oxygen; sodium carbonate; In water; at 20 - 50℃; for 2h; | Catalytic Reaction Of HMF To FDCA For this reaction, Na2C03 was used as the base. 1 g of extracted HMF was first dissolved in 5 g of water. The Na2C03 was separately prepared by dissolving Na2C03 in water. The oxidation catalyst was then added follow by the HMF solution at ambient room temperature. With oxygen gas bubbling, the solution was first heated to 50C for 2 hours, and HMF was fully converted to HFCA. After that, the reaction was heat to 95C and kept for 7 hour. The pH of the aqueous solution was then adjusted to 1 and FDCA was precipitated from the solution. The precipitate was filtered and washed with ethanol. | |
2.74 g | With 4% Au/TiO2; oxygen; sodium hydroxide; In water; at 70℃; for 7h;pH 10; | 10 g of HMF, 150 g of water, and 1 g of catalyst (4% Au/TiO2) were added into a round bottom bottle (250 mL) and then heated to 70 C. Air under atmosphere pressure was introduced into the liquid in the flask. The pH value of the above reaction was controlled to 10 by adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the flask. The reaction was continued for 7 hours to obtain a crude aqueous solution. The crude aqueous solution was extracted by 200 mL of ethyl acetate two times, and the aqueous phase of the extractions was collected by a separatory funnel. The collected aqueous phase was titrated by concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) until its pH value reached 3. The acidified aqueous phase was extracted by 200 mL of ethyl acetate two times, and the organic phase of the extractions was collected. The collected organic phase was vacuumed concentrated to obtain 2.74 g of solid, which was 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (HMFCA). The above reaction is shown in Formula 8. The product of Formula 8 had NMR spectra as below: 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO): 13.08 (br, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H, J=3.4 Hz), 6.45 (d, 1H, J=3.4 Hz), 5.59 (s, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (100 M Hz, d-DMSO): 160.1, 159.8, 144.4, 119.0, 109.4, 56.2. |
2.74g | With gold on titanium oxide; oxygen; sodium hydroxide; In water; at 70℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 7h;pH 10; | 10 g of HMF,150 g of water,And 1 g of 4% Au / TiO2 catalyst250 mL of a round bottom flask,Heated to 70 C,And air was introduced under normal pressure.The pH of the reaction was then controlled to 10 with the addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide,After 7 hours of continuous reaction, an aqueous solution of the crude product was obtained.The crude aqueous solution was added to 200 mL of ethyl acetate for extraction twice,The water layer was taken in a separatory funnel.The aqueous layer was titrated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) until the pH was 3.After extraction twice with 200 mL of ethyl acetate, the organic layer was taken.The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.74 g of a solid,5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (HMFCA).The above reaction is shown in Formula 8 below. |
With sodium hydroxide; In water; at 30℃; under 2250.23 Torr; for 5h; | The Au / MgO (Au0.5 wt%) catalyst, 1 mmol of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, NaOH, 10 ml of water was charged to a stainless steel autoclave with a Teflon-lined internal metal, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: NaOH = 0.015: 1: 4 (mol: mol: mol).Using automatic temperature control program temperature to the reaction temperature of 30 C, adding 0.3MPa oxygen, reaction 5 hours, the reaction process to maintain the same pressure.The reaction product was analyzed by HPLC. | |
95%Chromat. | With recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing 3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine dehydrogenase from Comamonastestosteroni SC1588; In aq. phosphate buffer; at 30℃; for 5h;pH 7;Enzymatic reaction; | General procedure: Typically, 4 mL of phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7) containing 50mMFF and 50 mg (cell wet weight) per mL microbial cells was incubated at30 C and 160 r/min. Aliquots were withdrawn from the reaction mixturesat specified time intervals and diluted with the correspondingmobile phase prior to HPLC analysis. The conversion was defined as theratio of the consumed substrate amount to the initial substrate amount(in mol). The yield was defined as the ratio of the formed productamount to the theoretical value based on the initial substrate amount(in mol). The selectivity was defined as the ratio of the formed productamount to the total amount of all products (in mol). All the experimentswere conducted at least in duplicate, and the values were expressed asthe means ± standard deviations. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With oxygen; sodium carbonate; In water; at 95℃; for 7h; | Catalytic Reaction Of HMF To FDCA For this reaction, Na2C03 was used as the base. 1 g of extracted HMF was first dissolved in 5 g of water. The Na2C03 was separately prepared by dissolving Na2C03 in water. The oxidation catalyst was then added follow by the HMF solution at ambient room temperature. With oxygen gas bubbling, the solution was first heated to 50C for 2 hours, and HMF was fully converted to HFCA. After that, the reaction was heat to 95C and kept for 7 hour. The pH of the aqueous solution was then adjusted to 1 and FDCA was precipitated from the solution. The precipitate was filtered and washed with ethanol. | |
With Ru/Pt on active carbon; oxygen; In water; at 90℃; under 1034.32 Torr; for 20h;Alkaline conditions; | This examples shows the oxidation of the FDCA precursor (here FFCA) into FDCA. A series of reactions were prepared as shown in the following Table. All reactions contained 100 mM of commercial FFCA. The reactions were performed in screw capped vials under air (in all reactions with H2O2 and controls runs 11-13) or under oxygen at about 20 psi. All reactions were incubated for 20 h before samples were analyzed by TLC for product formation. All reactions conversions described in the Table above are based on TLC analysis. For example, >90% indicates the result of TLC analysis where FDCA was detected as the only product. ?About? 50% indicates that FFCA and FDCA spots with similar intensity were observed. | |
With oxygen; cobalt(II) acetate; manganese(II) acetate; acetic acid; sodium bromide; at 180℃; under 42133 Torr; for 1h; | 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (2.5 g), acetic acid (30 ml), cobalt acetate (0.083 g), sodium bromide (0.07 1 g), and manganese acetate (0.084 g) are mixed in a batch reactor and placed under an excess of oxygen at 800 psig with vigorous mixing for 1 hour at 180 C. LC analysis of the total reaction mixture shows conversion of 5-hydroxym- ethyl-2-furoic acid to thrandicarboxylic acid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
9%; 60%; 7% | With iron(II) phthalocyanine; In aq. phosphate buffer; at 37 - 80℃; for 16.0833h;pH 7; | HMF (100 mM) was added to KPi buffer (500 mM pH 7.0). GOase M35 (103p1 of3.3mg/mL), PaoABC (ipI of 28.9mg/mL) and a metal complex (see Table 4) were added at 37 00 and the pH was continuously adjusted with NaHCO3 for a period of 16 hours. The reaction was heated to 80 00 for 5 minutes and left to cool. The solution containing denatured protein was centrifuged and the supernatant removed and analysed by RP20 HPLC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With thionyl chloride;N,N-dimethyl-formamide; In toluene; for 5h;Heating / reflux; | Dimethylformamide (1 ml) was added to a mixture of 5- hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid (100 mmol), thionyl chloride (150 mmol) and toluene (100 ml), and the resulting reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 hrs. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was distilled at atmospheric pressure to remove the solvent and excessive thionyl chloride, thus generating 5- chloromethylfurancarbonylchloride (IV) in a liquid state. To the obtained compound, anhydrous methanol (50 ml) was added at room temperature and then powdered potassium carbonate (200 mmol) was added, followed by mixing with stirring for 1 hr. After removing methanol using a vacuum evaporator, water (100 ml) and ethylacetate (100 ml) were. added to the residue to separate an organic layer. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. After removing the organic solvent from the filtrate using a vacuum evaporator, the residue was subjected to column chlromatography, thus giving 5- chloromethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid methylester with a yield of 70percent. | |
With thionyl chloride; In benzene;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (1.15 g, 8.09 mmol) was diluted with Benzene (81 ml). Thionyl chloride (3.54 ml, 48.6 mmol) was added and then the reaction is heated to reflux. The reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction was concentrated and carried on directly to the next step. The dichloride was dissolved in dichloromethane (1 12 mL) and 4- methylthiazol-2-amine (1.302 g, 1 1.17 mmol) was added followed by DMAP (0.138 g, 1.117 mmol) and triethylamine (3.89 ml, 27.9 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature until complete by LC-MS analysis. The reaction was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to yield the furanyl chloride (1.61 g) in 56percent yield over two steps. The furanyl chloride (63.1 mg, 0.246 mmol) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (2.5 mL). Sodium iodide (3.68 mg, 0.025 mmol), potassium carbonate (51.0 mg, 0.369 mmol) and 3-chlorophenol (31.6 mg, 0.246 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature until complete by LC-MS analysis. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography to provide 5- ((3-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)furan-2-carboxamide (56 mg) (Compound-62) in 65percent yield. | |
With thionyl chloride; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene; for 5h;Heating / reflux; | Dimethylformamide (1 ml) was added to a mixture of 5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid (100 mmol), thionyl chloride (150 mmol) and toluene (100 ml), and the resulting reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 hrs. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was distilled at atmospheric pressure to remove the solvent and excessive thionyl chloride, thus generating 5-chloromethylfurancarbonylchloride (IV) in a liquid state. To the obtained compound, anhydrous methanol (50 ml) was added at room temperature and then powdered potassium carbonate (200 mmol) was added, followed by mixing with stirring for 1 hr. After removing methanol using a vacuum evaporator, water (100 ml) and ethylacetate (100 ml) were added to the residue to separate an organic layer. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. After removing the organic solvent from the filtrate using a vacuum evaporator, the residue was subjected to column chromatography, thus giving 5-chloromethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid methylester with a yield of 70percent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
23.4% | With formaldehyd; In water; at 90℃; for 12h; | General procedure: Amberlyst - 15 Dry (manufactured by Organo Corporation) (2006) which is a solid acid catalyst and an aqueous formalin solution (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, concentration: about 37 mass percent, methanol added 5 to 10 mass percent) (524) And mixed to obtain a mixture.Next, the obtained mixture was stirred at a reaction temperature (here, 90 ° C.) for 1 minute and then 2-furaldehyde (manufactured by Acronix) (1 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated at reaction temperature 90 ° C. for 12 hours. After completion of heating, the product was analyzed by liquid chromatography to identify 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, yield (percent) {(molar amount of produced 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde / Molar amount of 2-furaldehyde) × 100} was determined. The selectivity (percent) {(molar amount of formed 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde) / molar ratio of molar distribution of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde to molar amount of consumed 2-furaldehyde / Molar amount of consumed 2-furaldehyde) × 100}. The selectivity is roughly synonymous with the morphology of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde in the product. The results are shown in Table 1. Amberlyst - 15 Dry has a group represented by the formula (5) in which n is 1. |