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Chemical Structure| 50-99-7 Chemical Structure| 50-99-7
Chemical Structure| 50-99-7

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Dextrose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide), is an important carbohydrate in biology.

Synonyms: Glucose; Dextrose; NSC 287045

4.5 *For Research Use Only! Not for Human Use. We Do Not Sell to Patients.

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Product Citations

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Jung, Juliano Ten Kathen ; Marques, Luiza Souza ; Felipeto, Victor Machado ; Lima, Gabriel Corrêa ; Nogueira, Cristina Wayne ;

Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often involves disrupted neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and cell death pathways. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on a PTSD model in male and female Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to a PTSD-like model, and twenty-four hours later, they received BHB (250 mg/kg) or glucose (5 %) twice daily, for seven days. Twelve hours after the last injection, the rats were challenged on behavioral tests for locomotor activity, anxiety-like phenotype, and contextual fear-related behaviors. Twenty-four hours after the last behavioral test, samples of serum, amygdala, and hippocampus were collected. Corticosterone, anxiety index, and freezing behavior were increased, and the expression of GRα/β, FKBP51, BAX/Bcl-2, and TNFα in the amygdala and hippocampus were different in the PTSD rats. BHB prevented behavioral deficits, normalized corticosterone and GR, and signaling in both sexes, but glucose did not rescue these alterations. In females, inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IBA-1) were enhanced and partially suppressed by BHB. Correlations between anxiety-like phenotype and fear behaviors, and between measures of behaviors and levels of molecular and corticosterone changes, indicate a unified stress response. Our findings suggest that BHB shows promise as a neuroprotective treatment for PTSD in both male and female rats.

Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder ; β-hydroxybutyrate ; ; Sex differences ; amygdala ; hippocampus

Purchased from AmBeed: ;

Singh, Praveen Kumar ; Zore, Matej ; San-Martin-Galindo, Paola ; Kornmayer, Moritz M ; Reigada, Inés ; Hanski, Leena , et al.

Abstract: , a marketed anti-gout drug, has been reported to inhibit (QS), biofilm formation, and virulence in Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. However, no structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have been reported to date. To address this gap, we synthesized 27 novel analogs and evaluated their QS inhibitory activity using wild-type C. violaceum and the mutant strain CV026. This dual-strain assay enabled differentiation between inhibition and quorum quenching mechanisms, allowing determination of whether QS interference occurred at the level of signal synthesis or signal reception. Here, we demonstrated that acts as a QQ at concentrations lower than previously reported, strongly inhibiting production in CV026 without affecting bacterial viability. At 400 µM, several analogs showed comparable or stronger activity than in one or both strains. At 40 µM, trifluoromethoxyphenyl analog 49 emerged as the most effective QS inhibitor in the wild-type strain, whereas cyclopentyl analog 24 was most active in CV026, with a few other derivatives also retaining notable activity. We also assessed whether and its analogs exhibit activity. While showed no activity, seven analogs (26–30, 33, and 49) exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2.5 to 40 µM against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and E. faecium. On the other hand, no activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria. In cytotoxicity studies, the two most potent compounds 29 (MIC = 5 µM) and 30 (MIC = 10 µM), showed no cytotoxicity against the mammalian cell line A549, while they were less tolerated by THP-1 cells. In summary, our results provide SAR insights into analogs and highlight their potential as novel anti-QS and agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Keywords: activity ; Chromobacterium violaceum ; drug discovery ; ; ; Staphylococcus aureus

Purchased from AmBeed:

Reynolds, Donald L ; Simpson, E Barry ; Hille, Matthew M ;

Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a ubiquitous microbe occurring in the environment and in the intestinal tract of poultry. E. faecalis has been identified in cases of egg infertility and/or decreased hatchability and can cause amyloid arthropathy in older laying chickens. E. faecalis produces cytolysin, a bacterial exotoxin that can cause lysis of erythrocytes. It has been difficult to demonstrate this virulence trait using conventional culture methods with sheep blood agar. A 96-well microplate hemolysis assay, along with a culture method incorporating glucose and L-arginine into the culture media, is described that demonstrates the production of cytolysin in E. faecalis isolates of avian origin. Additionally, the results show that horse and sheep erythrocytes were susceptible to lysis by the E. faecalis cytolysin, but cow and chicken erythrocytes were less susceptible.

Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis ; hemolysis ; cytolysin ; avian

Purchased from AmBeed: ;

Alternative Products

Product Details of D-Glucose

CAS No. :50-99-7
Formula : C6H12O6
M.W : 180.16
SMILES Code : O=C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O
Synonyms :
Glucose; Dextrose; NSC 287045
English Name :(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal
MDL No. :MFCD00148912
InChI Key :GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :107526

Safety of D-Glucose

Application In Synthesis of D-Glucose

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Upstream synthesis route of [ 50-99-7 ]
  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 50-99-7 ]

[ 50-99-7 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream   1~7

  • 1
  • [ 50-99-7 ]
  • [ 501-94-0 ]
  • [ 10338-51-9 ]
References: [1] Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2004, vol. 14, # 9, p. 2095 - 2097.
  • 2
  • [ 57-50-1 ]
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  • [ 59432-60-9 ]
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  • [ 470-69-9 ]
  • [ 13133-07-8 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
29.89 %Chromat. With Aspergillus flavus NFCCI 2364 culture filtrate In aq. buffer at 55℃; for 24 h; Microbiological reaction General procedure: FOS production was carried out by adding 1ml of enzyme samples collected at various time intervals to 3ml of 50percent (w/v) sucrose dissolved in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH 5.5) for period of 24h at 55°C. The amount of FOS formation in the samples was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Waters) with sugar-pak column (6.5×300mm) and refractive index (RI) differential detector (RI 2414).
25.31 %Chromat. With Aspergillus niger SI 19 culture filtrate In aq. buffer at 55℃; for 24 h; Microbiological reaction General procedure: FOS production was carried out by adding 1ml of enzyme samples collected at various time intervals to 3ml of 50percent (w/v) sucrose dissolved in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH 5.5) for period of 24h at 55°C. The amount of FOS formation in the samples was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Waters) with sugar-pak column (6.5×300mm) and refractive index (RI) differential detector (RI 2414).
References: [1] Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2013, vol. 97, p. 12 - 17.
[2] Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2013, vol. 97, p. 12 - 17.
  • 3
  • [ 57-50-1 ]
  • [ 57-48-7 ]
  • [ 50-99-7 ]
  • [ 470-69-9 ]
  • [ 13133-07-8 ]
References: [1] Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2015, vol. 111, p. 51 - 55.
  • 4
  • [ 57-50-1 ]
  • [ 50-99-7 ]
  • [ 470-69-9 ]
  • [ 13133-07-8 ]
References: [1] Journal of Biotechnology, 2017, vol. 249, p. 25 - 33.
  • 5
  • [ 57-50-1 ]
  • [ 57-48-7 ]
  • [ 50-99-7 ]
  • [ 56-81-5 ]
  • [ 470-69-9 ]
  • [ 13133-07-8 ]
References: [1] Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008, vol. 56, # 8, p. 2805 - 2809.
  • 6
  • [ 57-50-1 ]
  • [ 59432-60-9 ]
  • [ 50-99-7 ]
  • [ 470-69-9 ]
  • [ 13133-07-8 ]
References: [1] Journal of Biotechnology, 2017, vol. 249, p. 25 - 33.
[2] Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2012, vol. 76, p. 44 - 51.
  • 7
  • [ 80681-45-4 ]
  • [ 37921-38-3 ]
  • [ 50-99-7 ]
References: [1] Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1981, vol. 29, # 9, p. 2565 - 2570.
 

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