Structure of 56-37-1
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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
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Chrzan, Julia ; Drabczyk, Anna Karolina ; Siemińska, Izabela ; Baj-Krzyworzeka, Monika ; Greber, Katarzyna Ewa ; Jaśkowska, Jolanta , et al.
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of more effective and environmentally sustainable treatments. This study presents a novel green synthetic protocol for 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with anticancer potential, employing both microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted methods. The synthesis was optimized using 4-chloro-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine as the key intermediate, with sodium carbonate, TBAB, and DMF providing optimal yields under microwave conditions. To enhance sustainability, a modified sonochemical method was also developed, enabling efficient synthesis in aqueous media with a minimal use of organic solvents. A series of nine morpholine-functionalized derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against SW480 and SW620 colorectal cancer cell lines. Compound 11 demonstrated superior antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 5.85 µM) compared to the reference drug 5-fluorouracil, while compound 5 showed promising dual-line activity. In silico ADME analysis supported the drug likeness of the synthesized compounds, and biomimetic chromatography analysis confirmed favorable physicochemical properties, including lipophilicity and membrane affinity. These results underscore the potential of the developed protocol to produce bioactive triazine derivatives through an efficient, scalable, and environmentally friendly process, offering a valuable strategy for future anticancer drug development.
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Keywords: 1,3,5-triazine ; green chemistry ; microwave-assisted synthesis ; sonochemistry ; colorectal cancer ; anticancer agents ; phase-transfer catalysis ; cytotoxicity ; ADME ; drug likeness
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CAS No. : | 56-37-1 |
Formula : | C13H22ClN |
M.W : | 227.77 |
SMILES Code : | CC[N+](CC)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)CC.[Cl-] |
MDL No. : | MFCD00011824 |
InChI Key : | HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
Pubchem ID : | 66133 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 15 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.54 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 5 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 0.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 68.48 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
0.0 Ų |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
-1.5 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
-1.07 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
-0.08 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
-0.08 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
2.87 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
0.02 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-0.54 |
Solubility | 65.1 mg/ml ; 0.286 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Very soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
1.56 |
Solubility | 8250.0 mg/ml ; 36.2 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Highly soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-5.24 |
Solubility | 0.00132 mg/ml ; 0.00000581 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Moderately soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
Low |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
No |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-8.45 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
1.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
1.04 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With trifluoroborane diethyl ether; In thionyl chloride; | Example 1 2-Chloromethyl-4-cyano-benzoyl chloride 1-Oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile (25 g), boron trifluoride etherate (0.8ml), and benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride (0.72 g) were suspended in thionyl chloride (92 ml) and heated to reflux for 17 hours. Excess thionyl chloride was removed by distillation under nitrogen to give an internal temperature of 95° C., and heating to reflux was continued for another 24 hours. The product was purified by distillation under reduced pressure. Yield: 27.5 g, 92percent. Melting point 44 -44.5 C. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 4.83 (2H, s), 7.74 (1H, dd, J=1, 8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J=1 Hz), 8.25 (1H, d, J=8 Hz). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz): 42.7, 116.8, 118.0, 132.2, 133.8, 134.0, 135.7, 140.0, 166.9. IR (KBr): v 3108, 3077, 2963, 2239, 1755, 1604, 1298, 1195, 1103, 944, 935, 840 cm-1. | |
With thionyl chloride; trifluoroborane diethyl ether; In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; | Example 2 2-Chloromethyl-4-cyano-benzoyl chloride 1-Oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile (80 g), boron trifluoride etherate (4,4 ml), benzyltriethyl ammonium chloride (9,2 g), and thionyl chloride (55 ml) were suspended in xylene (320 ml). The mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hours and volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The product was purified by distillation under high vacuum. Yield: 78,2 g, 73percent. Melting point 44 -44.5° C. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 4.83 (2H, s), 7.74 1H, dd, J=1, 8 Hz), 7.89 1H, d, J=1 Hz), 8.25 1H, d, J=8 Hz). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz): 42.7, 116.8, 118.0, 132.2, 133.8, 134.0, 135.7, 140.0, 166.9. IR (KBr): v 3108, 3077, 2963, 2239, 1755, 1604, 1298, 1195, 1103, 944, 935, 840 cm-1. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With trichlorophosphate; In acetonitrile; | Step A: 4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitropyridine Phosphorous oxychloride (63.4 mL, 0.68 mol) was added dropwise to a stirred mixture of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine (28.92 g, 0.17 mol) and benzyl triethylammonium chloride (155 g, 0.68 mol) in acetonitrile (560 mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to 60 C. for 1 h then was heated to reflux for 1 h. The reaction was cooled and the volatiles were evaporated in vacuo. An ice/water slurry (500 mL) was added to the residual oil and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at 0 C. The solids were collected by filtration, washing with water and hexanes to give the title compound as a solid; NMR (CD3 OD); d 2.33 (s, 3H), 6.39 (s, 1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In chloroform; water; at 0 - 20℃; for 17h; | To a solution of <strong>[1075-35-0]5-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indole</strong> (5.00 g, 30.3 mmol) and TEBAC (0.60 g, 0.300 mmol) in CHCl3 (150 ml) was added, at 0 C., NaOH in water. The mixture was stirred at 0 C. for 3 h and then at RT for 14 h. The reaction mixture was then added gradually to ice-water and extracted with chloroform. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The residue was purified by column chromatography purification with a hexane/ethyl acetate gradient as eluent. MH+: 212; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.78 (s, 3H), 7.58-7.61 (dd, J=2.32 & 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.69 (d, J=2.28 Hz, 1H), 7.91-7.94 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H). |