Name: 62-54-4|Calcium acetate|99%
Brand: Ambeed
SKU: A466775
Price: 5.0 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 94 (22 reviews)

1
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 5743-36-2 ]
[ 589-38-8 ]

Reference： [1]Monatshefte fur Chemie,1927,vol. 48,p. 169,179
Angewandte Chemie,1927,vol. 40,p. 506

2
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 5743-36-2 ]
[ 107-87-9 ]

Reference： [1]Monatshefte fur Chemie,1927,vol. 48,p. 169,179
Angewandte Chemie,1927,vol. 40,p. 506

3
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 108-24-7 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With Benzotrichlorid at 170 - 180℃;
	With Benzotrichlorid at 230 - 240℃; im Rohr;
	With acetic acid; Benzotrichlorid unter Rueckfluss;

	With acetic anhydride; Benzotrichlorid unter Rueckfluss;
	With Benzotrichlorid; toluene unter Rueckfluss;
	With sulfuryl dichloride; sulfur trioxide; acetic anhydride
	With chlorosulfonic acid
	With chlorosulfonic acid; sulfuryl dichloride
	With chlorosulfonic acid; pyrosulfuryl chloride
	With disulfur dichloride; chlorosulfonic acid
	With tetrachloromethane; phosgene; sulfur trioxide Reagens 4: Schwefelsaeurechlorid;
	With chlorosulfonic acid; sulfur trioxide

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: WACKER CHEMIE AG - DE368340, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251]
[2]Current Patent Assignee: WACKER CHEMIE AG - DE368340, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251]
[3]Current Patent Assignee: WACKER CHEMIE AG - DE368340, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251]
[4]Current Patent Assignee: WACKER CHEMIE AG - DE368340, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251]
[5]Current Patent Assignee: WACKER CHEMIE AG - DE368340, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 251]
[6]Current Patent Assignee: A. MENARINI - INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE - S.R.L. - DE358774, 1922, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 13, p. 1116][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 13, p. 1116]
[7]Current Patent Assignee: A. MENARINI - INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE - S.R.L. - DE372716, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253]
[8]Current Patent Assignee: A. MENARINI - INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE - S.R.L. - DE372716, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253]
[9]Current Patent Assignee: A. MENARINI - INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE - S.R.L. - DE372716, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253]
[10]Current Patent Assignee: A. MENARINI - INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE - S.R.L. - DE372716, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253]
[11]Current Patent Assignee: Beatty - DE290702, 1800, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 12, p. 79][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 12, p. 79]
[12]Current Patent Assignee: A. MENARINI - INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE - S.R.L. - DE372716, 1923, C [Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253][Fortschr. Teerfarbenfabr. Verw. Industriezweige, vol. 14, p. 253]

4
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 67-64-1 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
>99	With H₂ or CO₂ In neat (no solvent) decompn. at 450-490°C; acetone is removed from reaction zone by inert gas, to prevent polymerization;;
	In neat (no solvent)

Reference： [1]Bamdass; Schemjakin [Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1948, vol. 18, p. 631,634][Chem.Abstr., 1949, p. 1318]
[2]Durrans,Th. H. [Solvents, 4. Aufl. <London 1938>, S. 118] Kekre; Sudborough; Watson [1922, vol. 18, # 6, p. 72][Chem.Abstr., 1924, vol. 18, p. 1468] Ardagh et al. [Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1924, vol. 16, p. 1137][Chemisches Zentralblatt, 1925, vol. 96, # I, p. 1288] Goodwin; Sterne [Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1920, vol. 12, p. 240][Chemisches Zentralblatt, 1920, vol. 91, # IV, p. 623] Dosios; Leucaditis [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1927, vol. 184, p. 1459,1460]
[3]Ardach, E. G. R.; Barbour, A. D.; McClellan, G. E.; McBride, E. W. [Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1924, vol. 16, p. 1133 - 1139]
[4][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 148, page 985 - 987]

5
[ 108-24-7 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
98.8%	With water monomer; calcium(II) oxide at 65 - 70℃; for 6h;	6 Conversion of Acetic Anhydride to Calcium Acetate To a three-necked round bottom flask placed in a heating mantle and equipped with a mechanical stirrer, temperature-measuring thermocouple, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, was added 15 g (0.25 mole) of lime (95%; Specialty Minerals, Inc), followed by enough city water (159.9 g) to make a mixable slurry. The temperature of the slurry did not exceed 65° C. To this stirred slurry was dropwise added 24.9 g (0.24 mole) of acetic anhydride (99%; Fisher) over a period of 2 hr. After this addition was complete, the reaction solution was kept at 70° C. for 4 hr. After this time, the pH of the final reaction solution was 12 and enough acetic acid was added to reduce the pH to 7.0. Analysis of the reaction solution by HPLC showed it to be an aqueous solution of essentially pure calcium acetate. The water was removed by evaporation to give 38.1 g of dry calcium acetate (98.8% yield) as an essentially pure white solid.
	With anhydrous calcium nitrate

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: BASSIL NICHOLAS; NIACET B.V. - US2022/81384, 2022, A1 Location in patent: Paragraph 0046
[2]Spaeth [Monatshefte fur Chemie, vol. 33, p. 238]

7
[ 62-54-4 ]
lauracidic calcium [ No CAS ]
[ 593-08-8 ]

Reference： [1]Biochemische Zeitschrift,1924,vol. 151,p. 401

8
[ 62-54-4 ]
α-methyl-hydrocinnamate of calcium [ No CAS ]
[ 21869-55-6 ]

Reference： [1]Chemische Berichte,1890,vol. 23,p. 1883

9
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 134523-00-5 ]
[ 134523-03-8 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
84.35%		EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of <strong>[134523-00-5]Atorvastatin</strong> Calcium Crystalline Form VI 360 liters of acetonitrile and 24 kg of <strong>[134523-00-5]atorvastatin</strong> was taken into a reactor and subjected to heating to 44 C. for 1 hour. 73 liters of 10% aqueous calcium acetate solution was added to the reaction mass and maintained for 1 hour, 15 minutes. 4.5 liters of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide was added to the above reaction mass and subjected to heating to reflux at 70 C. for 1 hour. The reaction mass was filtered and the solid washed with 45 liters of acetonitrile. 9 liters of 10% sodium hydroxide was added to the above solid and subjected to heating to reflux at 70 C. for a period of about 8 hours. The reaction mass was cooled to 30 C. for a period of about 1.5 hours and centrifuged followed by washing with 112.5 liters of water. The obtained solid material was spin dried for a period of about 2 hours and kept for aerial drying for 30 minutes. The obtained solid material was dried at 55 C., cooled and the solid was thoroughly mixed. Finally the obtained solid material was subjected to rotatory cone vacuum drying to afford 35.8 kg (84.35%) of crystalline Form VI of <strong>[134523-00-5]atorvastatin</strong> calcium.

Reference： [1]Patent: US2008/51449,2008,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 5

10
[ 62-54-4 ]
mupirocin [ No CAS ]
calcium mupirocin [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
87%	With ammonium sulfate; sodium hydroxide In water Tris-buffer;	2.B B. A filtrate obtained as in Example 1 (293 ml, 1.5 g mupirocin), was added (NH4J2SO4 (19 g). The pH was adjusted to pH 7.5 by addition of 1M NaOH. The polystyrene divinylbenzene adsorbent XAD1600 (Rohm & Haas) was packed into a chromatography column (22 ml) and the prepared mupirocin solution (in the form of pseudomonate solution) was added to the column (1 ml/min). The column was washed with a 0.1 M Tris-buffer containing 0.5M (NH4)2SO4, pH 7.5 (110 ml). A 0.1 M calcium acetate solution was subsequently added to the column (66 ml), followed by water (66 ml). Mupirocin calcium was eluted from the column with 80% methanol. 1.3 g mupirocin calcium was recovered in the elution pool (55 ml, 87% yield).
70%	With ammonium sulfate; sodium hydroxide In water Tris-buffer;	2.A; 2.C Example 2; Adsorption of pseudomonic acid to a solid support and conversion to mupirocin calciumA. A filtrate obtained as in Example 1 (363 ml, 1.3 g mupirocin) was added (NH4)2SO4 (24 g). The pH was adjusted to pH 7.5 by addition of 1 M NaOH. The acrylic adsorbent XAD7HP (Rohm & Haas) was packed into a chromatography column (24 ml) and the prepared mupirocin solution (in the form of pseudomonate solution) was added to the column (1 ml/min). The column was washed with 0.1 M Tris-buffer containing 0.5M (NH4J2SO4, pH 7.5 (120 ml). A 0.1 M calcium acetate solution was then added to the column (72 ml), followed by water (48 ml). Mupirocin calcium was eluted from the column with 80% methanol. 0.9 g mupirocin calcium was recovered in the elution pool (60 ml, 70% yield). C. A filtrate obtained as in Example 1 (1035 ml, 5.8 g mupirocin), was added (NH4J2SO4 (68 g). The pH was adjusted to pH 7.5 by addition of 1 M NaOH. The acrylic adsorbent XAD7HP (Rohm & Haas) was packed into a chromatography column (191 ml_) and the prepared mupirocin solution (in the form of pseudomonate solution) was added to the column (1.9 ml/min). The column was washed with 0.1 M Tris-buffer containing 0.5M (NH4)2SO4, pH 7.5 (958 ml). A 0.1 M calcium acetate solution was added to the column (575 ml), followed by water (573 ml). Mupirocin calcium was eluted from the column with 60% methanol. 5.0 g mupirocin calcium was recovered in the elution pool (216 ml, 83% yield).A fraction of the elution pool (54 ml, 1.2 g mupirocin calcium) was evaporated (90 mbar, 500C). The resulting methanol free solution (15 ml) was allowed to crystallize with stirring at room temperature. After approximately 20 hr the crystalline material was filtered off and the resulting filter cake was washed with water (10 ml) and dried in a vacuum tray dryer (<50 mbar, 400C). 1.1 g product was recovered with a specific activity of 91.4% ('as is').

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: STANDARD CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL .CO., LTD. - WO2008/25534, 2008, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 8
[2]Current Patent Assignee: STANDARD CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL .CO., LTD. - WO2008/25534, 2008, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 8-9

11
[ 15572-79-9 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 17598-82-2 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
44%	With calcium hydroxide In H₂; CO₂; water	6 EXAMPLE 6, Isomerization of L-Galactose, Calcium Acetate Catalyst EXAMPLE 6 Isomerization of L-Galactose, Calcium Acetate Catalyst To a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask, equipped with a magnetic stirrer, was added 0.5 g L-galactose, 5 ml water, 0.2 g calcium hydroxide, and 22 mg calcium acetate. The mixture was stirred. After 2 hours, the solution was filtered to collect the calcium hydroxide-L-tagatose complex that had formed. The sticky complex was resuspended in 5 ML of H2, and CO2was bubbled through the slurry until the PH was below 7. The solution, after filtering off the calcium carbonate, was deionized as in Exampie 1 and concentrated in vacuo to a syrup which, after seeding with a few L-tagatose crystals, provided 0.22 g of pure L - tagatose, a 44 % yield.
44%	With calcium hydroxide In water	6 Isomerization of L-Galactose, Calcium Acetate Catalyst EXAMPLE 6 Isomerization of L-Galactose, Calcium Acetate Catalyst To a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask, equipped with a magnetic stirrer, was added 0.5 g L-galactose, 5 ml water, 0.2 g calcium hydroxide, and 22 mg calcium acetate. The mixture was stirred. After 2 hours, the solution was filtered to collect the calcium hydroxide-L-tagatose complex that had formed. The sticky complex was resuspended in 5 mL of H2 O, and CO2 was bubbled through the slurry until the pH was below 7. The solution, after filtering off the calcium carbonate, was deionized as in Example 1 and concentrated in vacuo to a syrup which, after seeding with a few L-tagatose crystals, provided 0.22 of pure L-tagatose, a 44% yield.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SPHERIX INC - EP518874, 1996, B1
[2]Current Patent Assignee: SPHERIX INC - US5078796, 1992, A

12
[ 7784-27-2 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
mayenite [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: aluminium trinitrate; calcium acetate With citric acid In water at 20℃; Stage #2: at 1350℃; for 5h;	1 Example 1 Preparation of the Catalyst Consisting of Pure Mayenite (Already Described in Example 1 of Patent Application IT-M199A002616). [0045] A synthesis method in homogeneous phase was used. [0046] This method comprises the use of citric acid or polyfunctional hydroxy-acids with the function of complexing metal salts in aqueous solution. After dehydrating the aqueous solution, an amorphous precursor solid is obtained, which, after high temperature thermal treatment, produces the desired product. [0047] The main advantages of this technique are: [0048] homogeneous mixing on an atomic level [0049] good stoichiometric control [0050] production of mixed oxides using commercial chemical products [0051] short process times. [0052] A solution of aluminum nitrate, 378.2 g of Al(NO3)3.9H2O (1.008 moles in 470 g of water was first added to a solution of calcium acetate, obtained by dissolving 152.2 g of (CH3COO)2Ca.H2O (0.864 moles) at room temperature in 450 g of H2O, followed by a solution of citric acid: 393.1 g (1.872 moles) in 375 g of water. The homogeneous solution obtained was dried by means of a spray-dryer. The desired product 12CaO.7Al2O3 (Mayenite) was obtained in pure form after calcination at 1350° C. for 5 h. [0053] In order to obtain a catalyst formed by pelletizing, a lubricating agent was added (2 wt % of stearic acid); after pelletizing the catalyst was subjected to a further calcination step. [0054] The composition of the catalyst obtained was verified by means of X-ray diffractometry which revealed the presence of the sole pure 12CaO.7Al2O3 phase. [0055] (See Table I and FIG. 1 mentioned above).

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ENI SPA - US2004/77913, 2004, A1 Location in patent: Page 3

13
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 24634-61-5 ]
calcium acetate sorbate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
73%	In water at 25℃; for 0.0833333h;	1 EXAMPLE 1; Preparation of a Calcium Double Salt of Sorbic Acid and Acetic Acid 158 g (1 mol) of calcium acetate are dissolved in 420 ml of water. To this solution are added, at 25° C., a solution of 56 g (0.37 mol) of potassium sorbate in 60 ml of water. During the addition a precipitate forms immediately which is filtered off after 5 min. The precipitate is dried to constant weight at 100 mbar and 50° C. 88% pure calcium acetate sorbate is obtained as a white powder in 73% yield.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: CELANESE CORP - US6693216, 2004, B2 Location in patent: Page column 5

14
[ 13477-34-4 ]
[ 6303-21-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
tricalcium diphosphate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: calcium(II) nitrate; hypophosphorous acid; calcium acetate In water at 20 - 25℃; for 0.05h; Stage #2: at 500℃; for 1h;	3 An aqueous solution of 8.51 g 50 wt % H3PO2 was combined with 8.00 g of 25.0 wt % aqueous solution of calcium acetate monohydrate, Ca(O2CCH3)2.H2O (ACS reagent, Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. No.40,285-0, CAS 5743-26-0), equivalent to 5.69 wt % Ca, to give a clear, colorless solution contained in a 250 ml Pyrex beaker. To this solution was added 20.17 g Ca(NO3)24.H2O salt. The molar ratio of Ca/phosphate in this mixture was 3/2 and the equivalent solids level [as Ca3(PO4)2] was 27.3 wt %. Endothermic dissolution of the calcium nitrate tetrahydrate salt proceeded giving a homogeneous solution once the sample warmed to room temperature. Further warming of this solution to >25° C. on a hotplate initiated a reaction which proceeded as described in Example 1. After approximately three minutes, the reaction was essentially complete leaving a moist, white, crumbly solid which was hot to the touch and which smelled of acetic acid. After cooling to room temperature, the solid was stored in a polyethylene vial. [0199] Heat treatment and X-ray diffraction analysis of this solid were conducted as described in Example 1. Following heat treatment in air at 500° C. for either 0.5 or 1 hour, XRD indicated the solid to be composed of whitlockite as the primary phase along with hydroxyapatite as the secondary phase. XRD results indicate that the relative ratio of the two calcium phosphate phases was dependent on the duration of the heat treatment and the presence of the acetate anion, but no attempts were made to quantify the dependence. [M00001] [0200] Comparing the XRD spectra from these results in Example 3 with XRD spectra from Example 1 shows the difference in the amount of HAp-Ca5(PO4)3-x(CO3)x(OH) phase present for each minor phase. The samples in Example 1 exhibited no acetate whereas the samples in Example 3 showed acetate present. This is indicative of the counteranion effect on crystal formation. [0201] Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained using a Nicolet model 5DXC instrument (Nicolet Instrument Co., 5225 Verona Rd. Madison, Wis. 53744) run in the diffuse reflectance mode over the range of 400 to 4000 cm-1. The presence of the carbonated form of HAp is confirmed by the FTIR spectra, which indicated the presence of peaks characteristic of [PO4]-3 (580-600, 950-1250 cm-1) and of [CO3]-2 (880, 1400, & 1450 cm-1). The PO stretch, indicated by the strong peak at 1150-1250 cm-1, suggests a structural perturbation of hydroxyapatite by the carbonate ion.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: STRYKER CORP - US2005/42288, 2005, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 17-18

15
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 752190-89-9 ]
[ 64-19-7 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With sulfur dioxide; water at 20 - 60℃;	2 EXAMPLE 2 Recovery of Acetic Acid with Sulfur Dioxide [0039] Materials and Methods [0040] Materials [0041] Calcium acetate (99.8%) and sulfur dioxide (anhydrous, 99.98%) used in this research was purchased from Fisher Scientific International Inc. and Matheson Tri-Gas Inc. (Montgomeryville, Pa.), respectively. [0042] Apparatus and Operational Procedures [0043] A 500 mL reactor (Chemglass, Inc., Vineland, N.J.) was used to conduct all experiments. Temperature control was realized using a Neslab RTE-111 bath/circulator, which circulated a low-temperature oil (Ace Glass, Inc., Vineland, N.J.) through the jacket of the reactor. To avoid water loss through evaporation, the outlet gas from the reactor passed through a condenser that was maintained at approximately 3° C. by a heated/refrigerated Cole Parmer Polystat 6-liter circulator unit. The inlet and outlet concentrations of SO2 in the gas stream were monitored using a California Analytical model ZRF NDIR gas analyzer (manufactured by Fuji Electric Company, Saddle Brook, N.J.). The gas analyzer reads 0 to 10 v % SO2 by 0.01% and has a repeatability of +/-0.5% of full scale. The SO2 readings of the gas analyzer were recorded with a computer-based data collection system every 10 seconds for further analysis. During the experiments, the reaction mixture in the reactor was stirred at 60 rpm for all trials by an adjustable overhead stirrer connected to a Teflon mixer. Mass measurements of the calcium acetate and water were made on a Mettler model PM4000 balance with a linearity of +/-0.02 g. The flow rates of gases were controlled with flow meters. Reaction temperature was measured with a non-mercury glass thermometer inserted into the reaction mixture. [0044] The first step of the reaction was to add 40.0 g Ca(CH3COO)2.H2O into a reactor filled with 245.5 g deionized water and then to stir the mixture continuously at 60 rpm for 30 minutes to completely dissolve all of the added calcium acetate. Since the final concentration of acetic acid generated for all tests was set to be 1.667 M, the quantities of calcium acetate and water added in each test were the same. N2 and SO2 were then sparged into the reactor solution through an 8 mm glass tube to start the reaction. The SO2 gas analyzer was calibrated before and after each test run. The calibrations were performed with known concentrations of standard gases supplied by BOC Gases, Des Moines, Iowa. Each experiment was ended when the outlet concentration of SO2 was the same as the inlet concentration. [0045] Variables used in this research include reaction temperature and concentration of SO2 in the gas stream, with a total flow rate of 3447.0 mL/min. The reaction temperature varied from 20 to 60° C., with an interval of 10° C. The concentration of SO2 in the gas mixture varied from 3.0 to 9.0 v %, with an interval of 1.5 v %. [0046] Analysis of Acetic Acid with HPLC [0047] The acetic acid produced from R1 was analyzed with a Waters 501 high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The organic acid analysis column used was provided by Alltech Prevail (Alltech Associates, Inc). The material used in mobile phase was a degassed KH2PO4 solution (0.005 M). The HPLC operation parameters during the measurements of acetic acid include: 1) 192 nm of UV light, 2) a column pressure of 900 psi, and 3) a mobile phase flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. [0048] Results and Discussion [0049] Once sulfur dioxide was sparged into the calcium acetate solution, it underwent a series of steps before reacting with the calcium acetate, including gas phase diffusion, mass transfer at the gas-liquid interface, hydrolysis and ionization of the dissolved SO2, and aqueous diffusion and reaction between the calcium acetate and sulfurous acid. The solubility of SO2 in 100.0 g water is 10.6 g at a temperature of 20° C. and 3.2 g at 60° C., which means that the quantity of SO2 dissolved in water is considerable given enough time. However, the rate of SO2 dissolved into water was so slow that the SO2 concentration difference in the inlet and outlet stream was negligible when only water existing in the reaction vessel. After addition of calcium acetate in the water, the experiment showed that the SO2 concentrations in the outlet stream remained at zero throughout the process. This suggested that the solution's capacity for absorption of SO2 was greatly increased by the dissolution of calcium acetate. When SO2 was dissolved into the solution containing calcium acetate, it reacted to yield HSO3- and SO32-, thereby lowering the dissolved SO2 concentration and allowing more total SO2 from the gas phase to be dissolved. [0050] The solubility of Ca(CH3COO)2 in 100.0 g of water is 37.4 g at a temperature of 0° C. and 29.7 g at 1001C. Under experimental conditions, the added calcium acetate was completely dissolved. The produced calcium sulfite, however, had a very low solubility in water: 0.0043 g at 18° C. and 0.0011 g at 100° C. in 100.0 g water. When SO2 was sparged into the solution, it dissolved in the water and reacted with calcium acetate to produce calcium sulfite precipitate and acetic acid. Calcium sulfite was separated from the liquid with a simple filtration process. [0051] In the experimental design, the assumption was made that the reaction endpoint would be reached when concentrations of SO2 in the inlet and outlet mixture gases were identical. At the beginning of the reaction, the outlet gas from the reactor was nondetectable, indicating that the SO2 in the gas mixture was completely removed by the reaction. At the end of reaction, however, SO2 was no longer consumed and dissolved into the solution and then the SO2 concentration of outlet stream started to increase. [0052] Effects of Temperatures on the Reaction Rates [0053] The relationships between reaction temperature and the reaction time needed for the completion of reactions at given reaction conditions are shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows that the higher the reaction temperature is the shorter the reaction time needed. This fact can be explained with kinetic theory that higher temperature results in a higher reaction rate constant. It can be seen that reaction times at a temperature of 60° C. were about 75% of those at 30° C. In real-world industrial applications with fixed SO2 flow rates, higher temperatures may yield higher recovery rates-but also a higher levels of energy consumption. [0054] Effects of SO2 Concentrations on the Reaction Rates [0055] SO2 concentrations directly affected reaction times. Higher SO2 concentrations shortened the amount of time needed to complete reactions in the system. FIG. 4 shows that reaction time decreased as the SO2 flow rate increased-an obvious outcome, since the high SO2 concentrations represent that more SO2 was sparged into the system over the same period. However, the reaction time was not proportional to the flow rate at which SO2 was sparged into the system. The results showed that reaction times under the condition of 3.0 v % of SO2 concentration were only about 80% greater than those with a concentration of 9.0 v %, assumed previously to be up to 200% greater if SO2 concentrations determined reaction time. This indicates that reaction in the system was complex, and that the reaction rate was not controlled solely by means of the SO2 flow rate. [0056] The concentrations of acetic acids produced under different reaction conditions are listed in the Table 1. It shows that SO2 concentration and reaction temperature had no substantial effect on the concentrations of acetic acid produced. Although there were some deviations from the designed 1.667 M of acetic acid concentration, these differences were random and no indication of effects from these two factors could be found. This result suggests that high concentrations of SO2 can be used to recover acetic acid from the calcium acetate solution at room temperature. Since reaction at room temperature would save large amounts of the energy needed to heat for reaction, both of these conditions are highly desirable in real-world industrial applications, albeit at the cost of longer reaction times. Increasing SO2 concentrations, however, can make up this deficiency. Large amount of gas stream containing high concentration of SO2 is available in new generation of power plants [15, 16], which will make the recovery of acetic acid from biostreams with SO2 feasible. [TABLE-US-00001] TABLE 1 The concentrations of produced acetic acid (M)based on temperature and SO2 concentration Temperature (° C.)SO2 Concentration (v %) 20 30 40 50 60 3.0 1.636 +/- 1.561 +/- 1.606 +/- 1.671 +/- 1.629 +/- 0.030 0.017 0.024 0.012 0.026 4.5 1.666 +/- 1.721 +/- 1.624 +/- 1.702 +/- 1.658 +/- 0.012 0.029 0.049 0.029 0.036 6.0 1.669 +/- 1.650 +/- 1.661 +/- 1.665 +/- 1.666 +/- 0.050 0.053 0.055 0.035 0.008 7.5 1.658 +/- 1.692 +/- 1.679 +/- 1.658 +/- 1.647 +/- 0.013 0.029 0.063 0.013 0.012 9.0 1.673 +/- 1.666 +/- 1.645 +/- 1.695 +/- 1.571 +/- 0.009 0.023 0.010 0.038 0.003 [0057] Summary [0058] Sulfur dioxide can be used to recover acetic acid efficiently from calcium acetate solutions. The experimental results show that the time required for a complete reaction decreases with an increase of reaction temperature and SO2 flow rate. Although a change of reaction conditions leads to a change of reaction time, analysis of the produced acetic acid concentrations demonstrates that the complete conversion of calcium acetate to acetic acid was not affected. This suggests that the recovery process can be designed using a higher SO2 flow rate at room temperature without affecting recovery efficiency. Since energy for heating is substantially reduced, the latter feature is economically attractive for the industrial recovery of acetic acid from biological fermentation broth. Industry can either increase the flow rate of SO2 containing gas or even use pure SO2 gas. [0059] For the above-stated reasons, it is submitted that the present invention accomplishes at least all of its stated objectives. [0060] Having described the invention with reference to particular compositions and methods, theories of effectiveness, and the like, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that it is not intended that the invention be limited by such illustrative embodiments or mechanisms, and that modifications can be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. It is intended that all such obvious modifications and variations be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. The claims are meant to cover the claimed components and steps in any sequence which is effective to meet the objectives there intended, unless the context specifically indicates to the contrary.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - US2005/49433, 2005, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 3-5

16
[ 1351764-67-4 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
hemi calcium salt of (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(4-hydroxymethylphenylamino)carbohyl]-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
31%	In water	Ia.3.b To an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the acid (prepared by adding 1 equivalent IN sodium hydroxide solution) was added dropwise an aqueous solution (1M) of calcium acetate (0.55 equiv). White precipitate was obtained, which was filtered off and washed with copious amount of water, and dried in vacuo.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED - WO2004/106299, 2004, A2 Location in patent: Page 49

17
C₃₃H₄₀FN₂O₅^(1-)*Na⁽¹⁺⁾ [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
hemi calcium salt of (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water	II To an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the acid (prepared by adding 1 equivalent IN sodium hydroxide solution) was added dropwise an aqueous solution (1M) of calcium acetate (0.55 equiv). White precipitate was obtained, which was filtered, washed with copious amount of water, and dried in vacuo.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED - WO2004/106299, 2004, A2 Location in patent: Page 53

18
sodium salt of (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(3-acetylphenylamino)carbonyl]-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
hemi calcium salt of (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(3-acetylphenylamino)carbonyl]-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
21.35%	In water	I.5.b; Ib.5.b To an aqueous solution of sodium salt of acid (is prepared by adding 1 equivalent IN sodium hydroxide solution) was added dropwise an aqueous solution (1M) of calcium acetate (0.55 equiv). White precipitate was obtained, which was filtered off, washed with copious amount of water, and dried in vacuo.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED - WO2004/106299, 2004, A2 Location in patent: Page 46

19
(3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(3-fluorophenylamino)-carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid sodium salt [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
(3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)-carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol]-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
32%	In water	I.5.b Scheme I; Step 5: Preparation of Hemi Calcium Salt of Formula I To an aqueous solution of sodium salt of acid (prepared by adding 1 equivalent 1N sodium hydroxide solution) was added dropwise an aqueous solution (1M) of calcium acetate (0.55 equiv). A little white precipitate was obtained which was filtered off and washed with copious amout of water, dried in vacuo. The following compounds were prepared following above general procedure: (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy 1-heptanoic acid calcium salt(Compound No. 3), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ1.21 (brs-2H), 1.37 (brs, 6H), 1.53 (brs, 2H), (brs, 1H), 2.00 (brs, 1H), 3.25 (brs, 1H), 3.38 9brs, 1H), 3.70 (brs, 2H), 3.94 (brs, 1H), 6.81 (brs, 1H), 7.06 (brs, 4H), 7.23 (brs, 6H), 7.52 (brs, 2H), 10.11 (s, 1H, d2O exchanged) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 578 [acid+1] Yield: 32% m.pt: 224.5-229 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt(Compound No. 4), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ1.23 (brs, 2H), 1.37 (d, J=5.7Hz, 6H), 1.56 (brs, 2H), 1.88-2.10 (m, 2H), 3.52 (brs, 1H), 3.73 (brs, 2H), 3.95 (brs, 1H), 7.06 9brs, 1H), 7.12-7.38 (brm, 4H), 7.53 9brs, 2H), 9.90 (s, 1H) d2O exchange MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 577 [Acid+1] Yield: 18% m.pt. 196.4-201.6 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(pyridin-3-yl-amino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 6), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ1.24 (brs, 2H), 1.37 (d, J=6.0Hz, 6H), 1.5-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.94 (dd, J=15.0 & 6.0H, 1H), 2.05 (dd, J=12Hz & 3.0Hz, 1H), 3.51 (brs, 2H), 3.74 (brs, 2H), 3.90-4.20 (m, 1H), 4.6-4.9 (brs, 1H (D20 exchange)), 7.0-7.11 (m, 5H), 7.16-7.25 (m, 5H), 7.95 (d, J=9.0Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=6.0Hz, 1H), 8.6 s, 1H), 10.03 (s, 1H) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 560.4 [Acid+1] Yield: 22% (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(pyridin-4-yl-amino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt(Compound No. 7), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ1.24 (brs, 2H), 1.36 (d, J=6.0Hz, 6H), 15-175 (m, 2H), 192 (dd, J=15.0 & 6.0H, 1H), 2.0-212 (m, 1H), 3.1-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.74 (brs, 2H), 4.0 (brs, 1H), 6.87-7.07 (m, 5H), 716-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.48 (d, J=60H, 2H), 8.32 (d, J=3.0Hz, 2H), 10.23 (s, 1H) MS(+ve ion): m/z 560.1 [acid+1]+Yield: 7% Melting Point ( C.): 212.9-215.2 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(4-cyanophenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 9), 1H NMR (DMSO-d6):δ1.12-1.42 (brs, 8H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.84-2.10 (m, 2H), 3.52 (brs, 1H), 3.75 (brs, 2H), 3.96 (brs, 1H), 6.95-7.30 (m, 9), 7.70 (brs, 4H), 10.28 (s, 1H, d2O exchanged) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 584 [Acid+1] Yield: 30.05% m.pt: 209-249 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(2,4-difluorophenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 10), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ1.23 (brs, 2H), 1.36 (d, J=6Hz, 6H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.20 (m, 2H), 3.51 (brs, 1H), 3.71 (brs, 2H), 3.95 (brs, 1H), 7.06 (brs, 5H), 7.15-7.24 (m, 4H), 7.52 (brs, 2H), 9.93 (5, 1H) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 595 (acid+1) Yield: 34.02% Melting Point=249.5-272.8 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 12), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ1.14 (brs, 2H), 1.30 (d, J=6Hz, 6H), 1.44 (brs, 2H), 1.82 (dd, J=14.1 & 7.2Hz, 1H), 1.94-1.98 (m), 3.17 (sept, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 3.45 (brs, 1H), 3.74 (brs, 1H), 3.82 (brs, 1H), 3.86 (brs, 1H), 6.89-7.07 (m, 7H), 7.12-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.46 (d, J=7.8Hz, 2H) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 577 (acid+1)+Yield: 29% Melting point C.=203.6-217.4 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 13), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ1.21-1.26 (m, 1H), 1.36 d, J=6.6Hz, 6H), 1.32-1.45 (m, 3H), 191 (dd, J=15 & 6Hz, 1H), 2.06 (dd, J=14.7 & 4Hz, 1H), 3.21-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.57-4.02 (m, 3H), 6.96-7.13 (m, 7H), 7.19-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.52 (m, 3H), 9.87 (s, 1H). MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 576 (Acid+1) Yield: 66% m.p.=169-231 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 15), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ1.27 (brs, 2H), 1.38 (d, J=5.86Hz, 6H), 1.57 (brs, 2H), 1.88-2.13 (m, H), 3.27 (brs, 1H), 3.55 (brs, 1H) (brs, 2H) 4.00 (brs, 1H), 6.83-7.03 (m, 3H), 7.17 (brs, 7H), 7.45 (brs, 2H), 9.63 (s, 1H, D2O exchanged) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 596 [Acid+1] Yield 31% m.p. 172.8-221.1 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2,3-Di-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt(Compound No. 16), 1H NMR(DMSO-D6):δ1.09 (brs, 2h), 1.21 (D, 5=6.5Hz, 6H), 1.57 (brs, 2H), 1.85-2.20 (m, 2H), 3.22 (brs, 1H), 3.37 (brs, 1H) (brs, 2H) 3.76 (brs, 1H), 6.85-7.12 (m, 5H), 7.13-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.48-7.65 (m, 2H), 9.87 (s, 1H, d2O exchanges) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 578 [Acid+1] m.p. 175.7-212.4 C. yield 20% (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 17), 1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.24 (brs, 2H), 1.36 (d, 6H, J=9Hz), 1.56 (brs, 2H), 1.89-2.22 (m, 5H), 3.21 (brs, 2H), 3.52 (bras, 1H), 3.74 (bras, 2H), 3.94 (brs, 1H), 6.85-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.15-7.30 (m, 6H), 7.54 (d, J=6Hz, 2H), 9.87 (s, 1H, d2O exchanged) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 574 [Acid+1] Yield: 40% m.pt. 195-217.4 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 18), 1H NMR(DMSO):δ1.26 (brs, 2h), 1.38 (D, j=6Hz, 6H), 1.62 (brs, 2H), 1.95-220 (m, 2H), 3.25 (brs, 1H), 3.54 (brs, 1H) (brs, 2H), 4.05 (brs, 1H), 7.0 (t, J=7.1Hz, 1H), 7.25 (brs, 8H), 7.45 (d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 10.02 (s, 1H, d2O exchanged) MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 628 [Acid+1] Yield 17%, m.p 174.3-221.3 C. (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-3,5-dihydroxy-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (Compound No. 19), 1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300 MHz):δ0.63 (brs, 2H), 0.82 (brs, 2H), 1.15-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.88-2.10 (m, 3H), 3.51 (brs, 1H), 3.72 (brs, 1H), 3.90-4.11 (m, 2H), 6.99-7.09 (m, 6H), 7.14-7.32 (m, 6H), 7.60 (d, J=6Hz, 2H), 10.04 (s, 1H). MS (+ve ion mode): m/z 557 (M++1) Yield=26% m.p.=160-230 C.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED - US2004/102511, 2004, A1 Location in patent: Page 10-12

20
[ 64-19-7 ]
calcium carbonate [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water for 2.5h;	8.1 Preparation of Calcium Acetate. One liter (17.48 moles) of acetic acid was added to an eight-liter container, and one liter of water was added. Calcium carbonate powder (874 g, 8.74 mole, 99+%) was added in 100-g portions over 2.5 hours with agitation until the solution was neutral to pH paper. Water was added as needed to maintain fluidity in the mixture during the neutralization
	In acetic acid byproducts: H2O, CO2; kinetic of CaCO3 dissolution in acetic acid at temp. 283-343 K was studied; elem. anal.;
	In water gray lime production: CaCO3 from production of acetone; concg. to dryness;;

	In acetic acid addn. of acetic acid (even diluted) to CaCO3 (chalk or oyster shells) at ambient temp. or faster and more complete at elevated temp.;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid; concg. to dryness;;
	In acetic acid addn. of pure CaCO3 to pure glacial CH3CO2H, until saturation; filtration; vaporization on sand bath, until formation of crust on surface; vaporization to dryness on water bath; solving residue in hot H2O, vaporization until formation of thick crust;; drying of crust on water bath and over night in electric furnace at 120°C; free of organic calcium salts and basic salts, contains 5-6% water and 2.0-2.4% free acetic acid; large degree of dehydration by heating;;
	In water gray lime production: CaCO3 from production of acetone dissolved in hot water or Ca acetate soln.;;
	In water gray lime production: CaCO3 from production of acetone; concg. to dryness;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid; concg. to dryness;;
	In acetic acid addn. of acetic acid (even diluted) to CaCO3 (chalk or oyster shells) at ambient temp. or faster and more complete at elevated temp.;;
	In acetic acid addn. of pure CaCO3 to pure glacial CH3CO2H, until saturation; filtration; vaporization on sand bath, until formation of crust on surface; vaporization to dryness on water bath; solving residue in hot H2O, vaporization until formation of thick crust;; drying of crust on water bath and over night in electric furnace at 120°C; free of organic calcium salts and basic salts, contains 5-6% water and 2.0-2.4% free acetic acid; large degree of dehydration by heating;;
	In water gray lime production: CaCO3 from production of acetone dissolved in hot water or Ca acetate soln.;;

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: MIONIX LLC - US6881424, 2005, B1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 10
[2]Blinkova; Eliseev [Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2005, vol. 78, # 7, p. 1064 - 1066]
[3]- FR882159, 1943, A [C. I, 1944, p. 889]
[4]Chenevix, R. [Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1809, vol. 69, p. 5 - 58] Chenevix, R. [Annalen der Physik, 1809, vol. 32, p. 156 - 201] Richter, J. B. [Ueber die neueren Gegenstaende der Chemie, Bd. 6, Breslau-Hirschberg-Lissa 1796, S. 7] Wenzel, C. F. [Lehre von der Verwandschaft der Koerper, Dresden 1777, S. 192]
[5]Current Patent Assignee: PROD CHIM PURS - FR858693, 1940, A [C. II, 1941, p. 113]
[6]Ardach, E. G. R.; Barbour, A. D.; McClellan, G. E.; McBride, E. W. [Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1924, vol. 16, p. 1133 - 1139]
[7][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164] Current Patent Assignee: VER FUER CHEMISCHE IND AKT GES - DE504722, 1930, C [C. II, 1930, p. 2215]
[8][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[9][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[10][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 147, page 982 - 985]
[11][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 147, page 982 - 985]
[12]Current Patent Assignee: VER FUER CHEMISCHE IND AKT GES - DE504722, 1930, C [C. II, 1930, p. 2215]

21
[ 6553-96-4 ]
phosphoric acid mono(3-dodecylmercapto-2-decyloxy)-1-propyl ester [ No CAS ]
[ 47066-33-1 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
(6-Mercaptopurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside)-5'-phosphoric acid (3-dodecylmercapto-2-decyloxy)propyl ester [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water	2 (6-Mercaptopurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside)-5'-phosphoric acid (3-dodecylmercapto-2-decyloxy)propyl ester EXAMPLE 2 (6-Mercaptopurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside)-5'-phosphoric acid (3-dodecylmercapto-2-decyloxy)propyl ester 6.2 g (12.5 mmoles) of phosphoric acid (3-dodecylmercapto-2-decyloxy)propyl ester was treated with 5.7 g (18.75 mmoles) of 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonic acid chloride as described in example 1 and subsequently with 3.55 g (11.25 mmoles) of 6-mercaptopurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside and after 24 hours, this was hydrolyzed with water. Then, 2.85 g of calcium acetate in 15 ml of water was slowly dropped therein, precipitating the crude calcium salt of the conjugate. After prolonged stirring the precipitate with acetone (1/10), 6 g of an amorphous crude product was obtained, having 72 area % according to HPLC. The calcium salt was suspended in 350 ml of methanol, treated with 150 g of Amberlite IR 120 in the Na+ form and stirred for 2 days. Thereafter, the ion exchanger was removed, the filtrate was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on LiChroprep RP-18 with a linear gradient of methanol/water 5/1 to 9/1. The fractions containing product were evaporated in a vacuum, and the residue was stirred with acetone and dried. Yield: 3.52 g (41% of theoretical amount). DC; Rf =0.45 (isopropanol/butyl acetate/conc. ammonia/water 50/30/5/15).

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: DIEVINI HOPP BIOTECH HOLDING GMBH & CO. KG - US6025343, 2000, A

22
[ 14297-60-0 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
dimethyl 2,5-di-hydroxy-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
91.6%		2 EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 2 The procedure is as described in Example 1, but instead of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, 0.337 part of calcium acetate (94% pure) is added. 172.4 parts of dimethyl 2,5-di-phenylamino-terephthalate (corresponding to a yield of 91.6%, based on the dimethyl 2,5-di-hydroxy-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate employed) with a melting point of about 159° to 162° C. are obtained.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: CLARIANT AG - US5616779, 1997, A

23
(6R,S)-tetrahydrofolic acid [ No CAS ]
[ 96-27-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium salt of (6R,S)-tetrahydrofolic acid [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water	5 Example 5 Example 5 ›Am[593] 4.0 g (6R,S)-tetrahydrofolic acid were slurried under nitrogen in 40 ml water containing 0.4 g thioglycerol, the pH was adjusted to 8.5 with 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the slurry was treated with 2.0 g calcium acetate at 50° C. The beige product which slowly crystallized out from the resulting solution was filtered off under suction and the residue was washed with water. After drying, 3.64 g of the crystalline calcium salt of (6R,S)-tetrahydrofolic acid was obtained, which had a (6S)- fraction of 50.5% and a content amounting to 94.6% (as the salt, with respect to the dry substance). The calcium content amounted to 1.12 equivalents.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: MERCK KGAA - US5817659, 1998, A

24
[ 64-19-7 ]
calcium oxide [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water	7 The method of Example 1 was repeated using formic acid, acetic acid and water. The analysis of the products calcium formate and calcium acetate was: Calcium formate Calcium acetate % formate 65. 4 % acetate-71.8 % calcium 34.9 23.2 % water 1.3 2.3
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid;;
	In acetic acid addn. of acetic acid (even diluted) to CaO at ambient temp. or faster and more complete at elevated temp.;;

	In acetic acid addn. of acetic acid to CaO; various temp.;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid; concg. to dryness;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid; concg. to dryness;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid;;
	In acetic acid addn. of acetic acid to CaO; various temp.;;
	In acetic acid addn. of acetic acid (even diluted) to CaO at ambient temp. or faster and more complete at elevated temp.;;

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: TECHNICAL AND COMMERICAL SERVI; TECHNICAL AND COMMERICAL SERVICES INTERNATIONAL LT; FORUM PRODUCTS - WO2003/87028, 2003, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 17
[2]- FR673907, 1930, A [C. I, 1930, p. 2672]
[3]Chenevix, R. [Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1809, vol. 69, p. 5 - 58] Richter, J. B. [Ueber die neueren Gegenstaende der Chemie, Bd. 6, Breslau-Hirschberg-Lissa 1796, S. 7] Wenzel, C. F. [Lehre von der Verwandschaft der Koerper, Dresden 1777, S. 192]
[4]Chenevix, R. [Annalen der Physik, 1809, vol. 32, p. 156 - 201] Senderens, J. B. [Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1909, vol. 5, p. 905 - 920] Senderens, J. B. [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1909, vol. 149, p. 213 - 215]
[5]Current Patent Assignee: PROD CHIM PURS - FR858693, 1940, A [C. II, 1941, p. 113]
[6][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[7][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[8][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 147, page 982 - 985]
[9][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 147, page 982 - 985]

25
(S)-4-[cis-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-piperazine-1-sulfonyl]-indan-2-carboxylic acid [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
C₂H₃O₂^(1-)*C₂₃H₂₄F₃N₂O₅S^(1-)*Ca⁽²⁺⁾ [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In methanol	3 Calcium; Compound 1 and base (Ca(OAc)2) were combined in 1:1 molar ratio in methanol solvent. No precipitation occurred, so the solution was allowed to evaporate. White solids and broken glass formed upon drying. Ether solvent was added; most of the solid dissolved, so the solution was placed in a freezer for 1 day, resulting in a clear solution with few solids. This solution was left to evaporate under ambient conditions, yielding solids with areas of birefringence.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: KALYPSYS, INC. - US2007/93504, 2007, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 14

26
potassium phosphate [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium hydroxyapatite [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water at 20℃; for 0.0333333h;	1 Calcium acetate hydrate (99% Acros Organics, Belgium, CAS No. 114460-21-8) and potassium orthophosphate hydrate (Acros Organics, Belgium, CASNo. 27176-10-9) were used as reactants for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. First, a 1.0 molal calcium acetate hydrate solution was made using distilled, deionized water. Then, a 0.6 molal solution of potassium orthophosphate hydrate was made using distilled, deionized water. Equal volumes of each were then measured out for the reaction to create a calcium to phosphate ratio of 1.67 (final concentrations of ions if they were to remain in solution would be 0.5m/0.3m). A 100 mL reaction required 5OmL of the calcium solution to be measured and poured into a beaker and 5OmL of the phosphate solution to be added. Agitation via vortexing was then performed until and through the gelation stage. Once the gel returned to solution, the slurry was then allowed to age for 2 minutes. The concentrate was then dried in an oven at 7O0C for 24 hours and desiccated until use or immediately atomized onto a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) grid for characterization.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY - WO2007/84858, 2007, A2 Location in patent: Page/Page column 10

27
[ 64-19-7 ]
calcium hydroxide [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In acetic acid sample dissoln. in AcOH glaciale, heating on steam bath;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid described; neutralisation with milk of lime;; purification via destillation;;
	In water gray lime production: apparatus described;;

	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid described; neutralisation with milk of lime;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid;;
	In not given gray lime production in presence of H3PO4 or catalysts;;
	In not given gray lime production in presence of H3PO4 or catalysts;;
	In water gray lime production: apparatus described;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid described; neutralisation with milk of lime;; purification via destillation;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid described; neutralisation with milk of lime;;
	In water gray lime production: treatment of raw acetic acid;;

Reference： [1]Deb; Baruah; Dass [Thermochimica Acta, 1996, vol. 285, # 2, p. 301 - 308]
[2]Current Patent Assignee: E. B. Badger & Sons Co. - US1496649, 1924, A [C. II, 1924, p. 1543]
[3]Current Patent Assignee: PHILIP POORE - DE336501, 1921, C [C. IV, 1921, p. 612] Current Patent Assignee: JAMES ARTHUR REAVELL - GB334623, 1930, A [C. I, 1931, p. 1534] - RU58355, 1940, U1 [C. A., 1944, p. 6080] Savinych, A. A. [Chemical Abstracts, Lesokhim. Promyshlennost' (russ.) Nr. 3 (1939), S. 70/73, 1940, p. 3912]
[4]- RU56076, 1939, U1 [C. II, 1940, p. 2986]
[5]Klason, P. [Ullmann, F., Enzyklopaedie der technischen Chemie, 2. Aufl., Bd. 6, Urban + Schwarzenberg, Berlin - Wien 1930, S. 186]
[6]Palmer, R. C.; Cloukey, H. [Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1918, vol. 10, p. 260 - 268]
[7][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[8][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[9][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[10][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]
[11][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 71, page 162 - 164]

28
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 7440-70-2 ]
calcium hydroxide [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water byproducts: H2; Electrolysis; at 35-37 °C;
	In water byproducts: H2; Electrolysis; at 35-37 °C;

Reference： [1][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.A2, 6.4, page 463 - 468]
[2]Smith; Bennet [Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1909, vol. 31, p. 799 - 799]

29
[ 1633-05-2 ]
[ 142-71-2 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 22306-37-2 ]
BiCaSrCu₂O(x) [ No CAS ]

Reference： [1]Physical Review B,1989,vol. 39,p. 2333 - 2335

30
disodium hydrogenphosphate [ No CAS ]
[ 10049-21-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water mixed dropwis at pH=5, stirred at 60°C for 3 h; XRD, SEM;
	In water pptd. by dropping 0.04 M soln. of Ca salt into soln. of na salts mixt.; stirred at 60°C and pH 5; ppt. washed (disd. H2O), dried at 37°C; detd. by SEM, TEM, SAED;

Reference： [1]Bigi, Adriana; Boanini, Elisa; Walsh, Dominic; Mann, Stephen [Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 2002, vol. 41, # 12, p. 2163 - 2166]
[2]Arellano-Jiménez; García-García; Reyes-Gasga [Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2009, vol. 70, # 2, p. 390 - 395]

31
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-94-2 ]
[ 6046-93-1 ]
[ 22306-37-2 ]
(bismuth)2(strontium)2(calcium) cuprate [ No CAS ]

Reference： [1]Inorganica Chimica Acta,1996,vol. 250,p. 163 - 171

32
[ 62-54-4 ]
manganese(II) acetate [ No CAS ]
[ 917-70-4 ]
lanthanum calcium manganes oxide [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With air In acetic acid acetates of Ln, Ca and Mn dissolved in a soln. of AcOH, evapd. at 110°C, pyrolysed at 600°C for 6 h with a heating rate of 75°/h, annealed at 1200°C for 48 h, pressed, sintered at 1350°C for 48 h;
	With Al₂O₃ In water; acetic acid La(CH3CO2)3, Ca(CH3CO2)2, Mn(CH3CO2)2 dissolved in CH3CO2H and H2O, stirred at 80°C for 1 h, Al2O3 immersed at room temp. for 1 h, dried at 150°C for 6 h, heated in air at 675°C for 1 h; aq. soln. of NaOH immersed at room temp. for 24 h, diluted with H2O;
	In not given synthesized by chem. soln. deposition method, polycrystalline material pressed by spark plasma sintering technique, heated in air at 800°C for about 24 h;

Reference： [1]Vertruyen; Dusoulier; Fagnard; Vanderbemden; Vanhoyland; Ausloos; Delwiche; Rulmont; Cloots [Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2004, vol. 280, # 2-3, p. 264 - 272]
[2]Singh, Satyendra; Krupanidhi [Dalton Transactions, 2008, # 35, p. 4708 - 4710]
[3]Wu; Xie [Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2012, vol. 407, # 13, p. 2538 - 2541]

33
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium carbonate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	thermal decompn. under N2 between 315 and 490°C;
	With urea; sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulfosiccinate In water High Pressure; Ca(OAc)2 and urea solns. mixed, treated with 2.5 mM of sodium bis-ethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, stirred for 15-20 min, heated in an autoclave at 150°C for 12 h; cooled to room temp., washed (H2O, alcohol) several times, dried at roomtemp. for 24 h (vac.), XRD;
	at 549.84℃; Inert atmosphere;

Reference： [1]Mu, Jacob; Perlmutter, D. D. [Thermochimica Acta, 1981, vol. 49, p. 207 - 218]
[2]Yang, Bo; Nan, Zhaodong [Materials Research Bulletin, 2012, vol. 47, # 3, p. 521 - 526]
[3]Han, Rui; Gao, Jihui; Wei, Siyu; Su, Yanlin; Qin, Yukun [Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, vol. 6, # 8, p. 3462 - 3470]

34
calcium(II) nitrate tetrahydrate [ No CAS ]
[ 108-24-7 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
71%	In acetic anhydride byproducts: NO2, Ca(NO3)2; heating a clear soln. of 6 g Ca(NO3)2*4H2O and 30 ml acetic anhydride; pptn.;; storage for some time in 96% ethanol, to remove Ca(NO3)2; sucking off; dehydration by 2 h heating in vac. at 130°C;;
71%	In acetic anhydride byproducts: NO2, Ca(NO3)2; heating a clear soln. of 6 g Ca(NO3)2*4H2O and 30 ml acetic anhydride; pptn.;; storage for some time in 96% ethanol, to remove Ca(NO3)2; sucking off; dehydration by 2 h heating in vac. at 130°C;;

Reference： [1]Spaeth, E. [Bericht von Wien. Akaddemie, 1911, vol. 120, # II b, p. 1117 - 1133]
[2][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 147, page 982 - 985]

35
[ 62-54-4 ]
mercury [ No CAS ]
Hg(b),Ca(0.09) (W%) [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water byproducts: H2, Ca(OH)2; Electrolysis; electrolysis of aq. satd. Ca(CH3CO2)2 soln. with Hg cathode for 40 mins at 10 V and 1.25 A with stirring, cooling with H2O, addn. of Ca(CH3CO2)2 now and then, H2 development, discoloration, turbidity of soln., rise in voltage, interruption of current;; washing at once, drying; 0.091 or 0.092 wt.-% Ca;;

Reference： [1]Smith; Bennet [Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1909, vol. 31, p. 799 - 799] [Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Hg: MVol.A2, 186, page 1027 - 1029]

36
[ 142-71-2 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-94-2 ]
[ 301-04-2 ]
[ 22306-37-2 ]
bismuth methacrylate [ No CAS ]
strontium methacrylate [ No CAS ]
copper(II) 2-methylacrylate [ No CAS ]
calcium 2-methylacrylate [ No CAS ]
lead dimethacrylate [ No CAS ]

Reference： [1]Inorganic Materials,1999,vol. 35,p. 517 - 520

37
[ 62-54-4 ]
tin(II) acetate [ No CAS ]
calcium bis[triacetatostannate(II)] [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water; acetic acid excess of Ca(CH3CO2)2, boiling in N2 atm, evapn. and cooling; washing with acetone and ether, drying over KOH in vac.;
	In water; acetic acid equimolar ratio of educts, boiling in N2 atm, evapn. and cooling; washing with acetone and ether, drying over KOH in vac.;
	In water; acetic acid excess of Ca(CH3CO2)2, boiling in N2 atm, evapn. and cooling; washing with acetone and ether, drying over KOH in vac.;

With AcOH In water; acetic acid N2-atmosphere; addn. of 1 equiv. of aq. Ca(OAc)2 to Sn(OAc)2 (in 60 % aq. AcOH), refluxing; concn., filtration, crystn. on cooling, filtration, washing (Me2CO, Et2O), drying (vac., over KOH); elem. anal.;

Reference： [1]Baker, E. H.; Tompkins, F. . [Journal of the Chemical Society][Journal of the Chemical Society, 1952, p. 4518 - 4519]
[2]Donaldson, J. D.; Knifton, J. F. [Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical][Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical, 1966, p. 332 - 334] [Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Sn: MVol.C3, 29.19.1, page 179 - 179]
[3][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Sn: MVol.C3, 29.19.1, page 179 - 179]
[4]Dewan, John C.; Silver, Jack; Donaldson, John D.; Thomas, Michael J. K. [Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions][Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions: Inorganic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1977, p. 2319 - 2322]

38
[ 147-71-7 ]
[ 7732-18-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium l-tartrate*4H₂O [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
98.95%	In acetic acid addn. of 15 ml 95 % ethanol to mixture of 50 ml 1 % l-tartaric acid soln. and 10 ml Ca(CH3CO2)2 soln. (preparation for 1 l: 32 g CaCO3, 120 ml pure acetic acid, rest H2O); add. of further 15 ml 95 % ethanol after 24 hs; complete pptn. after 48 hs;; washing 3 times by decantation, pressing on filter paper, drying at ambient temp.;;
	In acetic acid addn. of 1 l acetic Ca(CH3CO2)2 soln. (32 g CaCO3, 120 ml pure acetic acid, rest H2O) to 2 l 1 % d-tartaric acid soln.; complete pptn. after 24 hs;; washing 3 times by decantation, pressing on filter paper, drying at ambient temp.;;
	In acetic acid

Reference： [1]Francois, M.; Lormand, C. [Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1923, vol. 28, p. 433 - 442]
[2]Francois, M.; Lormand, C. [Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1923, vol. 28, p. 433 - 442]
[3][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 162, page 1014 - 1016]

39
[ 87-69-4 ]
[ 7732-18-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium d-tartrate*4H₂O [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
98.95%	In acetic acid addn. of 15 ml 95 % ethanol to mixture of 50 ml 1 % d-tartaric acid soln. and 10 ml Ca(CH3CO2)2 soln. (preparation for 1 l: 32 g CaCO3, 120 ml pure acetic acid, rest H2O); add. of further 15 ml 95 % ethanol after 24 hs; complete pptn. after 48 hs;; washing 3 times by decantation, pressing on filter paper, drying at ambient temp.;;
	In acetic acid addn. of 1 l acetic Ca(CH3CO2)2 soln. (32 g CaCO3, 120 ml pure acetic acid, rest H2O) to 2 l 1 % d-tartaric acid soln.; complete pptn. after 24 hs;; washing 3 times by decantation, pressing on filter paper, drying at ambient temp.;;
	In acetic acid

Reference： [1]Francois, M.; Lormand, C. [Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1923, vol. 28, p. 433 - 442]
[2]Francois, M.; Lormand, C. [Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1923, vol. 28, p. 433 - 442]
[3][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 162, page 1014 - 1016]

40
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 64-19-7 ]
calcium acetate acetic acid solvate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	storage of dry, H2O free calcium acetate for 1 month (in summer) over pure acetic acid;;
	In water at 80℃;	D) Calcium acetate acetic acid crystals, Ca(OAc)2(HOAc), from calciumacetate monohydrate In a similar procedure as used for CMA, above, several milligramsof calcium acetate monohydrate were suspended in glacial acetic acid ina 5 mL scintillation vial. Water and acetic acid were completely boiledoff. The process was repeated twice to assure that all water wascompletely removed from the sample. The white residue was takenup again in glacial acetic acid (ca 1 mL) and heated to ca 80 °C.Additional glacial acetic acid was added until all solid was completelydissolved when hot. Once all solid was dissolved, the vial was capped(to keep out atmospheric moisture), the hot plate switched off and thesolution was allowed to slowly cool to room temperature. Clusters ofcrystals were obtained after several hours. Individual platelets wereisolated from the heavily intergrown clusters for SC-XRD.

Reference： [1]Villiers, A. [Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1878, vol. 30, p. 175 - 177] Villiers, A. [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1877, vol. 85, p. 755 - 757]
[2][Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 151, page 991 - 993]
[3]Miller, Jennifer R.; LaLama, Matthew J.; Kusnic, Rachel L.; Wilson, Darian E.; Kiraly, Paije M.; Dickson, Samuel W.; Zeller, Matthias [Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2019, vol. 270, p. 1 - 10]

41
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-90-8 ]
calcium cadmium tetraacetate hexahydrate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With water; copper diacetate In water Cd(OAc)2, Ca(OAc)2, and Cu(OAc)2 reacted in a satd. soln. in mole ratios 1:1:0.001; soln. was evapd. at room temp., crystals collected;
	In not given

Reference： [1]Honkonen; Ellis [Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1984, vol. 106, # 19, p. 5488 - 5497]
[2]Masuda; Minagawa; Morita; Zhong; Gallagher [Journal of Thermal Analysis, 1997, vol. 49, # 3, p. 1221 - 1226]

42
[ 142-71-2 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-94-2 ]
[ 301-04-2 ]
[ 22306-37-2 ]
(bismuth)1.7(lead)0.4(strontium)2(calcium)2cuprate [ No CAS ]

Reference： [1]Doklady Chemistry,1991,vol. 321,p. 384 - 386
Dokl. Chem. (Transl. of Dokl. Akad. Nauk),1991,vol. 321,p. 993 - 996

43
[ 113131-88-7 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
Ca(II) salt of 4,4'-sebacoyl-bis(1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrazolone-5) [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
95%	In ethanol; water addn. of warm metal salt soln. to ethanolic ligand soln. (mole ratio 1:1); stirring; suction filtering of product; washing with H2O; leaching unreacted ligand with chloroform; drying (CaCl2); elem.anal.;

Reference： [1]Okafor, Emmanuel C.; Uzoukwu, Bieluonwu A. [Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 1991, vol. 21, p. 825 - 844]

44
[ 78-40-0 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
hydroxyapatite [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In not given PO(OC2H5)3 dropwise addn. to Ca acetate, stirring (25-30°C, 12 h,40-45°C, 12 h), gelation on heating (75°C, 10 h), drying, heat treatment (1000°C); influence of alcohol addition studied; stirring (aq. HCl), washing (water); X-ray diffraction;
	With ethanol In not given PO(OC2H5)3 dropwise addn. to Ca acetate, ethanol addn., stirring (25-30°C, 12 h, 40-45°C, 12 h), gelation on heating (75°C,10 h), drying, heat treatment (1000°C); influence of alcohol add ition studied; stirring (aq. HCl), washing (water); X-ray diffraction;
	With methanol In not given PO(OC2H5)3 dropwise addn. to Ca acetate, methanol addn., stirring (25-30°C, 12 h, 40-45°C, 12 h), gelation on heating (75°C, 10 h), drying, heat treatment (1000°C); influence of alcohol addition studied; stirring (aq. HCl), washing (water); X-ray diffraction;

With propan-1-ol In not given PO(OC2H5)3 dropwise addn. to Ca acetate, propanol addn., stirring (25-30°C, 12 h, 40-45°C, 12 h), gelation on heating (75°C, 10 h), drying, heat treatment (1000°C); influence of alcohol addition studied; stirring (aq. HCl), washing (water); X-ray diffraction;

Reference： [1]Jillavenkatesa; Condrate Sr. [Journal of Materials Science, 1998, vol. 33, # 16, p. 4111 - 4119]
[2]Jillavenkatesa; Condrate Sr. [Journal of Materials Science, 1998, vol. 33, # 16, p. 4111 - 4119]
[3]Jillavenkatesa; Condrate Sr. [Journal of Materials Science, 1998, vol. 33, # 16, p. 4111 - 4119]
[4]Jillavenkatesa; Condrate Sr. [Journal of Materials Science, 1998, vol. 33, # 16, p. 4111 - 4119]

45
[ 62-54-4 ]
manganese(II) acetate [ No CAS ]
[ 917-70-4 ]
lanthanum calcium manganite [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With acetic acid In 2-methoxy-ethanol 0.18 M soln. used for film deposition; spin coating speed is 4000 rpm; time 60 s; films placed on preheated hot plate and dried at 300°C for 30 min; annealed at 900°C for 2 h under flowing O2;
	With O₂ In 2-methoxy-ethanol; water water addn. to stoich. amts. of components soln. in 2-methoxyethanol, reflucing at 80°C for 24 h, ageing at room temp. for several d, distn., gel drying, spin coating on MgO, pyrolyzis on 400°C plate after each coating, final annealing at; 700-1000°C for 12 h in tube furnace under O2 flow; TG-DTA;
	With ethylene glycol In water; acetic acid stoich. mixt. of acetates in H2O/acetic acid contg. ethylene glycol heated until formation of sol, template (anodized alumina) dipped into sol for 0.5 h, template dried at 150°C overnight, pyrolysed at 350°C; nanowires can be removed from template by dilute aq. NaOH;

With aq. oxalic acid; air In acetic acid stoich.; acetates dissolved in glacial CH3COOH, added aq. (COOH)2, the slurry filtered, dried at 80°C for 8 h, calcined at 900°C in air for 12 h, cooled, reground, pressed into pellets, sintered at 1100-1350°C for 24 h, cooled;

Reference： [1]Zhu; Liu; Sheng; Zhao; Lu; Song; Dai; Sun [Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2005, vol. 369, # 1-4, p. 299 - 303]
[2]Bae, Seung-Young; Wang, Shan Xiang [Applied Physics Letters, 1996, vol. 69, # 1, p. 121 - 123]
[3]Chandra; Figueroa; Ghosh, Barnali; Raychaudhuri; Phan; Mukherjee; Srikanth [Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2012, vol. 407, # 1, p. 175 - 178]
[4]Ewe; Hamadneh, Imad; Salama, Hazar A.; Abd-Shukor [Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2008, vol. 403, # 13-16, p. 2394 - 2398]

46
[ 67-66-3 ]
(HO)2C₆H₂(CHNOCH₂CH₂ONCHC₆H₃(OCH₃)OH)2 [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 5970-45-6 ]
O₂C₆H₂(CHNOC₂H₄ONCHC₆H₃(OCH₃)O)2^(4-)*2Zn⁽²⁺⁾*Ca⁽²⁺⁾*2O₂CCH₃^(1-)*0.75CHCl₃=C₃₂H₃₂CaN₄O₁₄Zn₂*0.75CHCl₃ [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
77%	In methanol; chloroform; water a soln. of Zn salt in MeOH and a soln. of Ca salt in H2O/MeOH added to asoln. of ligand in CHCl3; evapd., crystd. by vapor diffusion of Et2O into a CHCl3/MeOH soln.; elem. anal.;

Reference： [1]Akine, Shigehisa; Taniguchi, Takanori; Nabeshima, Tatsuya [Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, vol. 128, # 49, p. 15765 - 15774]

47
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 125-71-3 ]
dextromethorphan calcium acetate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water	7 An aqueous mixture is prepared by stirring at room temperature for one hour a mixture of dextromethorphan free base (20 parts by weight); 296.3 parts by weight water and a stoichiometric excess of calcium acetate (11.7 parts by weight). The above-noted acid salt is isolated for later use by filtering the so-formed solids and oven drying the solids to produce a solid granular product. Alternatively, the solid salt also can be used directly to produce taste masked granules, for example by mixing the acid salt slurry with 43 parts by weight of a 15% by weight aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol (M.W. 3350) and then 13.7 parts macrocrystalline cellulose. The homogeneous mixture is then concentrated under vacuum (Rotovap) at 65°C to produce a solid granular product.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: PERMIRA HOLDINGS LIMITED - WO2008/79963, 2008, A2 Location in patent: Page/Page column 32-33

48
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 134523-01-6 ]
[ 134523-03-8 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In methanol; water at 13 - 63℃;	1 The quantity of atorvastatin obtained by purification was determined by calibrated HPLC analysis of the purified atorvastatin sodium salt solution. Based on this analysis, a quantity of calcium acetate (8.38 g, 0.5 eq.) was dissolved in water (1.9 L) and heated to 60° C. The atorvastatin sodium salt solution was heated to 63° C. and the solutions were combined by slow addition of the calcium acetate solution to the atorvastatin sodium salt solution. Upon completing the addition, the mixture was cooled. Crystallization of Form V began to occur at a temperature of 43° C. and cooling was continued until the flask temperature reached 13° C.The crystals were isolated by slow vacuum filtration and then dried over anhydrous silica for 5 days to yield atorvastatin calcium salt Form V.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. - US7411075, 2008, B1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 7

49
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 541-15-1 ]
L-carnitine calcium acetate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
> 90%	In water; for 2h;	EXAMPLE 5; Preparation of <strong>[541-15-1]L-carnitine</strong> calcium acetate. A mixture of calcium acetate (0.5 g, 0.003 mol) and <strong>[541-15-1]L-carnitine</strong> (0.5 g, 0.003 mol) was dissolved in water (15 mL) and stirred for 2 hours. The clear and colorless solution was concentrated at reduced pressure at bath temperatures that were less than about 70 C. to a white solid. The solid, <strong>[541-15-1]L-carnitine</strong> calcium acetate, was obtained in greater than 90% yield and had a melting point of 166-167 C., with decomposition and evolution of trimethylamine. (The melting point of <strong>[541-15-1]L-carnitine</strong> was 186-190 C.) The solid was not hygroscopic. The solid had no objectionable taste. The 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectrum (FIG. 1) is consistent with the structure of the salt and shows the presence of <strong>[541-15-1]L-carnitine</strong> and acetate in a molar ratio of approximately 1:2. (Calcium is not detected by 1H-NMR.)

Reference： [1]Patent: US2008/234371,2008,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 7

50
Elinogrel [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium [4-(6-chloro-7-methylamino-2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-3-yl)-phenyl]-5-chloro-thiophen-2-yl-sulfonylurea [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
100%	In isopropyl alcohol for 2h;	9 Example 9: Salt screen of f4-(6-fluoro-7-methylamino-2,4-dioxo-l,4-dihydro-2H- quinazolin-3-yI)-phenyI1-5-chloro-thiophen-2-yI-suIfonyIureaPrimary Screen[0303] To 20 nig of [4-(6-fluoro-7-methylamino-2,4-dioxo-l,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-3- yl)-phenyl]-5-chloro-thiophen-2-yl-sulfonylurea in 3 mL of the various solvents, was added 1.1 eq. of the base in 1 mL solvent. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours and the solutions were left to evaporate down to half their volume to try to precipitate out the salt. The results are presented in Table 4 below, which shows the bases used for the screen. The solutions in THF evaporated down to solids very quickly and these were analysed by XRPD. Most samples from THF were amorphous oily solids which were left to maturate at 50°C/ambient temperature. Any solutions that did not form a solid by evaporation had IPA added as an anti-solvent to induce solid to precipitate. Samples with IPA that did not precipitate were left to evaporate. As shown in Table 5 below, the solutions yielded some solids and some oils. Oils/emulsions and opaque liquids were left to maturate at 50°C/ambient in an 8 hour cycle for several weeks. Microscopy and XRPD results showed some samples were crystalline but lack of a solid meant clear diffractograms could not be obtained. Solid samples (crystalline and amorphous) were then filtered, dried and then analyzed to judge their purity, crystallinity and stability. Solids were analysed by 1H NMR to confirm salt formation and analyzed by Ion Chromatography and TGA to obtain the stoichiometry of the salt.
	In tetrahydrofuran for 2h;	9 Example 9: Salt screen of f4-(6-fluoro-7-methylamino-2,4-dioxo-l,4-dihydro-2H- quinazolin-3-yI)-phenyI1-5-chloro-thiophen-2-yI-suIfonyIureaPrimary Screen[0303] To 20 nig of [4-(6-fluoro-7-methylamino-2,4-dioxo-l,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-3- yl)-phenyl]-5-chloro-thiophen-2-yl-sulfonylurea in 3 mL of the various solvents, was added 1.1 eq. of the base in 1 mL solvent. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours and the solutions were left to evaporate down to half their volume to try to precipitate out the salt. The results are presented in Table 4 below, which shows the bases used for the screen. The solutions in THF evaporated down to solids very quickly and these were analysed by XRPD. Most samples from THF were amorphous oily solids which were left to maturate at 50°C/ambient temperature. Any solutions that did not form a solid by evaporation had IPA added as an anti-solvent to induce solid to precipitate. Samples with IPA that did not precipitate were left to evaporate. As shown in Table 5 below, the solutions yielded some solids and some oils. Oils/emulsions and opaque liquids were left to maturate at 50°C/ambient in an 8 hour cycle for several weeks. Microscopy and XRPD results showed some samples were crystalline but lack of a solid meant clear diffractograms could not be obtained. Solid samples (crystalline and amorphous) were then filtered, dried and then analyzed to judge their purity, crystallinity and stability. Solids were analysed by 1H NMR to confirm salt formation and analyzed by Ion Chromatography and TGA to obtain the stoichiometry of the salt.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ASTRAZENECA PLC - WO2008/137809, 2008, A2 Location in patent: Page/Page column 81-85
[2]Current Patent Assignee: ASTRAZENECA PLC - WO2008/137809, 2008, A2 Location in patent: Page/Page column 81-85

51
[ 10049-21-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
brushite [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With chitosan In water chitosan-coated glass substrate transferred into soln. of polyaspartic acid and calcium acetate, then NaH2PO4 soln. added and mixt. was kept at 18°C for (few min - several h); substrate washed with water and dried at room temp.; XRD;

Reference： [1]Shi, Yi; Zhang, Yahong; Yang, Wuli; Tang, Yi [Chemical Communications, 2009, # 4, p. 442 - 444]

52
[ 74974-60-0 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
Ga((O)2C₆H₃CHNNHC(O)C₆H₅)3Ca^(1-) [ No CAS ]

Reference： [1]Chemical Communications,2009,p. 1195 - 1197

53
[ 1187856-50-3 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
calcium 2-(((1r,4r)-4-(((3-fluorophenyl)(phenyl)carbamoyloxy)methyl)cyclohexyl)methoxy)acetate [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water; isopropyl alcohol at 20℃;	1.111 Example 1.111: Preparation of Calcium 2-(((lr,4r)-4-(((3- Fluorophenyl)(phenyl)carbamoyloxy)methyl)cyclohexyl)methoxy)acetate Solvate.; Ca(OAc)2 (aqueous solution, 2.13M) was added to a solution of 2-(((lr,4r)-4-(((3- fluorophenyl)(phenyl)carbamoyloxy)methyl)cyclohexyl)methoxy)acetic acid in IPA (64.456 mg/mL) at room temperature to achieve a 1:2 ratio of calcium to 2-(((lr,4r)-4-(((3- fluorophenyl)(phenyl)carbamoyloxy)methyl)cyclohexyl)methoxy)acetic acid. A white precipitate formed immediately. The solid was isolated by filtration. The TGA thermogram of the title compound (Figure 20) shows a weight loss of about 8.2%, indicating that the compound is a solvate. The PXRD pattern for the solvate is shown in Figure 21.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: PFIZER INC - WO2009/117095, 2009, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 171-172

54
[ 355805-96-8 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
crestor [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: rosuvastatin methylamine salt With sodium hydroxide In water at 25 - 30℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: calcium acetate In water at 20 - 22℃; for 0.333333h;	Example 16: Preparation of amorphous rosuvastatin calcium Rosuvastatin methyl ammonium salt (10 gm) was added in water (50 ml) and sodium hydroxide solution (8%, 9.0 ml) was added to it at 25-30°C and stirred for 20 minutes. The solution was filtered through celite bed and the bed was washed with water (20 ml). From the resulting clear filtrate, water was removed (about 40 ml) by vacuum distillation at about 60°C. To the resulting solution, water (40 ml) and a solution of calcium acetate (2 gm) in water (10 ml) was added at 20-22°C under vigorous stirring. Solid rosuvastatin calcium precipitates out from reaction mass. To the reaction mass, tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added and stirred for 10 minutes. Sodium chloride (2.0 gm) was added to the reaction mass and stirred for further 10 minutes. The layers were separated and the organic layer was dried over powdered molecular sieves (10 gm). The molecular sieves were removed by filtration and the resultant solution was distilled azeotropically to remove water. After complete removal of water, tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added and the solution was filtered through celite bed. The clear filtrate was then concentrated under vacuum to get amorphous form of rosuvastatin calcium which was dried at 45°C under vacuum. Yield: 7.6 gm

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED - WO2005/40134, 2005, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 16

55
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 503610-43-3 ]
crestor [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
75%	Stage #1: Rosuvastatin lactone With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water for 3h; Stage #2: calcium acetate In water at 20 - 22℃; for 2h;	15 Example 15: Preparation of amorphous rosuvastatin calcium Rosuvastatin lactone as obtained in step a) of Example 13 was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and water (100 ml). To this solution, 8% sodium hydroxide solution was added till the pH of the reaction mass was about 8.5 to 8. 7 and stirred for further 3 hours. After ensuring the absence of rosuvastatin lactone by TLC, the solvent was removed under vacuum and the aqueous layer was washed with methyl tert-butyl ether (80 ml). The traces of methyl tert-butyl ether were removed under vacuum and to the aqueous layer, a solution of calcium acetate (4.0 gm) in water (25 ml) was added at 20-22°C with vigorous stirring. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for further 2 hours at 20-22°C and filtered, washed the cake with water (20 ml) thrice and then dried at 45°C under vacuum to get the amorphous rosuvastatin calcium. Yield: 13. 8 gm (75%)

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED - WO2005/40134, 2005, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 19-20

56
tetrabutoxytitanium [ No CAS ]
[ 127-09-3 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 22306-37-2 ]
Ca_0.18Na_0.32Bi_0.50TiO₃ [ No CAS ]

Reference： [1]Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,vol. 489,p. 136 - 139

57
titanium-oxy-acetylacetonate [ No CAS ]
C₆H₃(OH)2CHNNHS(O)2C₆H₄CH₃ [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
Ti⁽⁴⁺⁾*Ca⁽²⁺⁾*3C₆H₃(O)2CHNNHS(O)2C₆H₄CH₃^(2-)=[TiCa(C₆H₃(O)2CHNNHS(O)2C₆H₄CH₃)3] [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
82%	With K₂CO₃ In methanol; water to flask charged with soln. (CH3OH) of tosylhydrazone and Ca compd. added aq. soln. of Ti and K compds., stirred for 72 h; excess of K2CO3 filtered off, solvent evapd. under reduced pressure;

Reference： [1]Albrecht, Markus; Latorre, Irene; Liu, Yufeng; Froehlich, Roland [Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences, 2010, vol. 65, # 3, p. 311 - 316]

58
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 287714-41-4 ]
crestor [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	In water; at 20℃; for 2.5h;	The detailed preparation process is as follows: 80mL acetonitrile was added to a 200mL reaction flask and stirred. Subsequently, 12.5g (3R,5S,6E)-7-[4-(4-flurophenyl)-6-(1-methyl ethyl)-2-[methyl (methyl sulfonyl) amino]-5-pyrimidyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic-3-methyl butyrate was added to the flask and heated to 35C, and then 25mL purified water was added. 25mL 1N sodium hydroxide solution was slowly added at constant speed at 40C, wherein the addition took 15 minutes. The mixture was kept at 40C and reacted for 2.5 hours. The obtained mixture was vacuum distilled at 40C to remove acetonitrile. 25mL purified water was added to the residue, the pH value was adjusted to 9 with 3g 0.5N glacial acetic acid solution, and the mixture was then cooled to 0C in an ice-salt bath. The water phase was washed for three times with ethyl ether (30mL each time), the water phase was stirred for 15 minutes during each washing, and then it was allowed to stand for layering. Then the temperature was increased to 40C, vacuum distillation was carried out to remove remaining ethyl ether, the water phase was filtered to a salt reaction flask and washed with 20mL purified water. The washing solution and filtrate were combined and cooled to 20C. Then 13.5mL 1N filtered calcium acetate was slowly added at constant speed. The addition process took about 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 20C. It was then filtered, the obtained solid was treated with 40mL 20C purified water. It was then vacuum dried. As a result, 7.3g <strong>[287714-41-4]Rosuvastatin</strong> calcium was obtained.Furthermore, after the removal of <strong>[287714-41-4]Rosuvastatin</strong> calcium by precipitation, a certain amount of <strong>[287714-41-4]Rosuvastatin</strong> calcium still remained in the mother liquid. Therefore, the present invention also preferably provides a method for the recovery of <strong>[287714-41-4]Rosuvastatin</strong> calcium in the mother liquid. The mother liquid was transferred to a 1000mL reaction flask, 200mL ethyl ether was added, at the same time the pH value was adjusted with 0.5N hydrochloric acid until it reached 3. Then the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and allowed to stand for layering. The water phase was washed twice with ethyl ether (100mL each time), during each washing the water phase was stirred for 15 minutes, and then it was allowed to stand for layering, the organic phase was combined and washed twice with purified water (150mLx2), during each washing the organic phase was stirred for 15 minutes. It was then allowed to stand for layering. The water phase was removed, while 4g anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the organic phase and stirred for 30 minutes, the obtained mixture was filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the filtrate was then condensed. The obtained solution was vacuum distilled to remove ethyl ether until 300mL ethyl ether was distilled at 40C. Subsequently, 40mL purified water was added to the residue, the obtained was cooled to 30C with icy water, 8.4mL 1N NaOH solution was added slowly at 40C until the pH reached 11. The mixture was then stirred for 60 minutes, the pH value was adjusted to 9 with 2g 0.5N glacial acetic acid, and the obtained mixture was allowed to stand for layering. The water phase was washed twice with ethyl ether (10mL each time), during each washing the water phase was stirred for 15 minutes, then it was allowed to stand for layering. The water phase was vacuum distilled at 40C to remove remaining ethyl ether, then the temperature was decreased to 20C, 5mL 1N filtered calcium acetate was slowly added at constant speed at 20C. The addition process took around 30 minutes, and the temperature was kept at 20C. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then it was filtered, and the obtained solid was treated with 10mL 20C purified water, filtered and vacuum dried in sequence. As a result, 2.5g <strong>[287714-41-4]Rosuvastatin</strong> calcium was obtained.

Reference： [1]Patent: EP2298745,2011,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 18-19

59
Nitro-Fosamprenavir [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
fosamprenavir calcium [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With ammonium formate In methanol; water	20 Preparation of Rod Like Amorphous Fosamprenavir Calcium from Methanol/Water Example 20 Preparation of Rod Like Amorphous Fosamprenavir Calcium from Methanol/Water Nitro-Fosamprenavir (2) (15.0 g; 24.5 mmol) and calcium acetate (4.24 g, 26.7 mmol) were suspended in methanol (180 ml) in a 500 ml round bottom flask. After 5 minutes ammonium formate (6.2 g; 97.5 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (960 mg, 3% w/w) were added and the reaction mixture was heated at 65° C. for 90 minutes. After the reaction was finished, the warm reaction mixture was filtered through Celite to remove the Pd/C catalyst and the filter cake was rinsed with methanol (2*30 ml). To the warm filtrate (50° C., 250 ml) water (62.5 ml) was added dropwise forming a suspension which was further stirred at room temperature overnight. The product (3, form I), a white solid, was filtered off and heated under vacuum at 45° C. for 3 hours and additionally 5 hours at 100° C. and 2 hours at 120° C.
	With ammonium formate In methanol; ethanol; water	21 Preparation of Rod Like Amorphous Fosamprenavir Calcium from Methanol-Ethanol/Water Example 21 Preparation of Rod Like Amorphous Fosamprenavir Calcium from Methanol-Ethanol/Water Nitro-Fosamprenavir (2) (15.0 g; 24.5 mmol) and calcium acetate (4.24 g, 26.7 mmol) were suspended in a solvent mixture (methanol 70 ml and ethanol 110 ml) in a 500 ml round bottom flask. After 5 minutes, ammonium formate (6.2 g; 97.5 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (960 mg, 3% w/w) were added and the reaction mixture was heated at 65° C. for 90 minutes. After the reaction was finished, the warm reaction mixture was filtered through Celite to remove the Pd/C catalyst and the filter cake was rinsed with methanol (30 ml). To the warm filtrate (50° C., 210 ml) water (40 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and a white suspension was obtained. The suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product (3, form I), a white solid, was filtered off and heated under vacuum at 45° C. for 3 hours and additionally 5 hours at 100° C. and 2 hours at 120° C.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. - US2011/165202, 2011, A1
[2]Current Patent Assignee: TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. - US2011/165202, 2011, A1

60
[ 1332363-97-9 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(methanesulphonyl-methyl-amino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-(3R,5S)-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoic acid calcium salt [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: 2-((4R,6S)-6-((E)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(N-methylmethylsulfonamido)pyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide With hydrogenchloride In water at 15℃; for 2h; Stage #2: With potassium hydroxide In water at 35℃; for 70h; Stage #3: calcium acetate	10 10 g of ethylamine salt of Formula (8B2 Amine salt) and 90 mL acetonitrile in RBF at 25°C to 35°C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C to 10°C. The reaction mixture was stirred and treated with 25 mL IN HCI and maintained for 2 hours at 20°C to 25°C. After the completion of the reaction on TLC, the reaction mixture was treated with 10% potassium hydroxide solution at 10°C to 15°C and maintained for 2 hours at 20°C to 25°C. After completion of the reaction as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was treated with IN HCI to get pH of 8 to 8.5 and charcoalized. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was extracted with mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in the ratio of 7:3. at 25°C to 35°C. The solvents were distilled under vacuum at 35°C to 40°C to remove the traces of solvents and further treated with water to make up the volume upto 80 mL. The aqueous solution was treated with 3.2 g of calcium acetate solution in 15 mL of water and maintained for 1 hour at 20°C to 30°C. The solid thus obtained was filtered and washed with water. The solid was dried at 40°C under vacuum for 10 to 12 hours to obtain amorphous rosuvastatin calcium. Purity by HPLC > 99.0%.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ZYDUS LIFESCIENCES LTD - WO2011/104725, 2011, A2 Location in patent: Page/Page column 44; 45

61
C₂H₇N*C₂₅H₃₂FN₃O₆S [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(methanesulphonyl-methyl-amino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-(3R,5S)-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoic acid calcium salt [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: C₂H₇N*C₂₅H₃₂FN₃O₆S With hydrogenchloride In water; acetonitrile at 20 - 25℃; for 2h; Stage #2: With potassium hydroxide In water; acetonitrile at 20 - 25℃; for 2h; Stage #3: calcium acetate	9 10 g of ethylamine salt of Formula (8B2 Amine salt) and 90 mL acetonitrile in RBF at 25°C to 35°C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C to 10°C. The reaction mixture was stirred and treated with 25 mL IN HCI and maintained for 2 hours at 20°C to 25°C. After the completion of the reaction on TLC, the reaction mixture was treated with 10% potassium hydroxide solution at 10°C to 15°C and maintained for 2 hours at 20°C to 25°C. After completion of the reaction as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was treated with IN HCI to get pH of 8 to 8.5 and charcoalized. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was extracted with mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in the ratio of 7:3. at 25°C to 35°C. The solvents were distilled under vacuum at 35°C to 40°C to remove the traces of solvents and further treated with water to make up the volume upto 80 mL. The aqueous solution was treated with 3.2 g of calcium acetate solution in 15 mL of water and maintained for 1 hour at 20°C to 30°C. The solid thus obtained was filtered and washed with water. The solid was dried at 40°C under vacuum for 10 to 12 hours to obtain amorphous rosuvastatin calcium. Purity by HPLC > 99.0%.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ZYDUS LIFESCIENCES LTD - WO2011/104725, 2011, A2 Location in patent: Page/Page column 43; 44

62
[ 102-82-9 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 64-19-7 ]
[ 7204-64-0 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With carbon dioxide In 2-Ethylhexyl alcohol; 2-ethylhexyl acetate; water; iso-butanol at 9℃;	4 Example 4; This example illustrates the effect of temperature on the percent organic acid salt conversion in the present innovation. In this example it is shown that decreasing the reaction temperature shifts the reaction equilibrium toward the acid amine complex product.Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, 2,100 ml of an aqueous feed of 21.15% by mass calcium acetate mono hydrate was combined with 2,271 ml of tributyl amine, 298 ml of 2-butanol, 1 ,632 ml of 2-Ethyl Hexanol, 276 ml of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Acetate, 180 ml of acetic acid and 48 ml of water and reacted with sparged carbon dioxide at 250 PSIG. After 60 minutes (sufficient time for the reaction to reach equilibrium), the reactor was cooled with an external jacket of ice water. Samples were taken at 35, 25, 15, 10 and 9 °C in approximately 15 minutes intervals between samples. The solvent and aqueous phases were analyzed for acetic acid using a calibrated GC with an FID detector. The aqueous phase was also analyzed for Ca2+ by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy at a contracted laboratory. Results are shown in Figure 6. As can be seen the acid salt conversion increase with lower temperatures.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ZEACHEM INC. - WO2012/54400, 2012, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 27-28

63
[ 102-82-9 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 4075-81-4 ]
[ 75775-31-4 ]
[ 7204-64-0 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With carbon dioxide In 2-Ethylhexyl alcohol; 2-ethylhexyl acetate; water for 0.666667h;	5 Example 5; This example illustrates the affect of reaction residence time, % excess carbon dioxide, agitation power, different organic acids and synthetic vs. evaporated broth on a CCE continuous pilot unit simulating the first stage of a continuous counter-current multi-stage CCE and LLE system.With reference to Figure 7, a pilot unit was assembled to generate design data for a commercial counter-current multi-stage CCE and LLE process using the present invention. The unit was assembled such that an aqueous phase 10 containing synthetic or evaporated fermentation broth and a solvent phase 20 containing the solvent, amine and acid amine complex extracted by the solvent could be brought into contact and react with a gas phase containing carbon dioxide 30 to precipitate calcium carbonate and produce the acid amine complex. The aqueous stream 10 and solvent stream 20 were fed independently at an amine free S/F ratio of 0.8 via feed pumps 40 to a 2 gallon mixer/reactor (PARR reactor) 50 with a length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 2.875. One Ruchton turbine impeller 60 was placed directly above a sparge ring 70 at the bottom of the mixer/reactor 50 and two A- 315 impellers 60 were placed at standard impeller locations for gas dispersion. Carbon dioxide 30 was added to either the aqueous stream 10 or solvent stream 20 prior to the mixer/reactor 50 and brought into the bottom of the mixer/reactor 50 with the chosen liquid stream through the sparge ring 70. Agitator speed was variable from 150 RPM to 550 RPM. At the top of the reactor/mixer 50 was an outlet port that brought the slurry stream 60 through a back pressure control valve 70 that kept the system pressure constant at 250 PSI and directed the slurry stream 60 into a blow down tank 80. The blow down tank 80 was kept at atmospheric pressure and allowed for the dissociation of dissolved and excess carbon dioxide 90 from the slurry and exited through the top of the vessel. The slurry gravity drained from the blow down tank 80 into a vertical settler 100 with diameter of 4 inches and working height of 8 inches. In the vertical settler 100, the slurry separated into two liquid phases with the solids reporting to the aqueous phase. The extract (solvent phase) 110 was brought out of the top of the vertical settler 100. The raffmate and solids (aqueous phase) 120 was brought out from the bottom of the vertical settler 100 with a raffmate pump 130 that also controlled the liquid-liquid interface level. Samples were taken from the reactor/mixer 50 outlet every 30 minutes through a sample port 140 upstream from the back pressure control valve 70. The samples were immediately centrifuged and the solvent and aqueous phases analyzed for acid and amine using a calibrated GC with an FID detector. The aqueous phase was also analyzed for Ca by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy at a contracted laboratory. Results for several runs are shown in Table 3.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ZEACHEM INC. - WO2012/54400, 2012, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 28-29

64
[ 628-63-7 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With water; calcium hydroxide at 80℃; for 1h;	14 Example 14; When the bulk solvent used in this innovation contains an alcohol, it is likely that small amounts of the alcohol in the solvent will react with the organic acid to make an ester. Because alcohols have higher extraction coefficients for the acid/amine complex than their corresponding ester, it is desired to keep a steady state composition of the solvent where the wt% of the alcohol component is greater than the wt% of the ester component. This can be done by taking a small split stream from the solvent leaving the acid recovery section and saponifying or hydrolyzing the ester component in the solvent to produce the acid and the alcohol. The split stream can then be recombined with the rest of the solvent.This example illustrates the saponifaction of an ester to its respective alcohol and carboxylic acid. In this example pentyl acetate (PeAc) is saponified to pentanol (PeOH) and an acetic acid salt.202ml of an aqueous 15 wt% solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is added to a jacketed reactor made by ChemGlass and combined with 214ml of pentanol and heated to 80C. To this mixture, PeAc is added to a molar ratio of 1:1.1 PeAcrNAOH and the reactor is sampled at various time intervals. Samples are analyzed for PeAc by gas chromatography. The same experiment is repeated another two times, the first time using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the base and the second time using calcium hydroxide as the base. The quantities of base, PeOH and PeAc were the same as the first experiment. Figure 15 shows the change in wt% PeAc vs. time for the three experiments.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: ZEACHEM INC. - WO2012/54400, 2012, A1 Location in patent: Page/Page column 34-35

65
tetrabutoxytitanium [ No CAS ]
zirconium(IV) tetraisopropoxide [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-80-6 ]
(Ba_0.9Ca_0.1)(Ti_0.9Zr_0.1)O₃ [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With 2-methoxy-ethanol In acetic acid at 60 - 700℃;	Synthesis of the films of BCZT relies on the preparation of stable precursor sol. Precursor sol of BCZT was prepared by the sol-gel method. Barium acetate (Ba(CH3COO)2), calcium acetate (Ca(CH3COO)2), zirconium (IV) isopropoxide (Zr(OC3H7)4) and terabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) were used as starting materials. Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (HOCH2CH2OCH3) were used as a solvent. According to the stoichiometric ratio of (Ba0.9Ca0.1)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3, firstly, terabutyl titanate was dissolved in the ethylene glycol monomethyl. Zirconium (IV) isopropoxide was then added at 60 °C with continuous stirring for 30 min. A stoichiometric amount of the barium acetate and calcium acetate were dissolved in glacial acetic acid, stirred at 60 °C until dissolved completely. The above two solutions were mixed with continuous stirring at 60 °C for 2 h to obtain a stable precursor sol of BCZT. The precursor sols of BCZT were dried at 100 °C for 12 h to prepare BCZT powders for the XRD analysis. In order to investigate the effects of annealing processes on the structure and properties of materials, the films were prepared under three different annealing processes.

Reference： [1]Shi, Min; Zhong, Jiagang; Zuo, Ruzhong; Xu, Yudong; Wang, Lei; Su, Hailin; Gu, Cang [Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, vol. 562, p. 116 - 122]

66
[ 7732-18-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 792848-15-8 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With sodium dodecyl-sulfate; urea; 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 120℃; for 1h; Autoclave; High pressure;	2.2 Methods In a typical preparation of CaCO3 crystals, an aqueous solution contained 50mM calcium acetate, 0.25mM urea, and 5.0mM SDS was prepared in a beaker. The pH value of the solution was 8.0. Different amounts of TMB were added into the beaker, in which the molar ratio of TMB to SDS was 0/1, 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1/1, and 10/1, respectively. The solution was stirred with a magnetic blender for about 15-20min. 80ml of the solution was transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (100ml). The autoclave was placed in an oven, which the temperature of the oven was controlled at 90°C and 120°C for different times, respectively. After the hydrothermal treatment, the autoclave was pulled out the oven to cool down in air to room temperature. The resulting solid sample was washed with water and alcohol several times, and dried for more than 24h at room temperature in vacuum.

Reference： [1]Chen, Zhiying; Nan, Zhaodong [Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, vol. 48, # 10, p. 4319 - 4328]

67
[ 7732-18-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 792848-15-8 ]
[ 792848-15-8 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With sodium dodecyl-sulfate; urea; 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 90℃; for 6h; Autoclave; High pressure;	2.2 Methods In a typical preparation of CaCO3 crystals, an aqueous solution contained 50mM calcium acetate, 0.25mM urea, and 5.0mM SDS was prepared in a beaker. The pH value of the solution was 8.0. Different amounts of TMB were added into the beaker, in which the molar ratio of TMB to SDS was 0/1, 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1/1, and 10/1, respectively. The solution was stirred with a magnetic blender for about 15-20min. 80ml of the solution was transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (100ml). The autoclave was placed in an oven, which the temperature of the oven was controlled at 90°C and 120°C for different times, respectively. After the hydrothermal treatment, the autoclave was pulled out the oven to cool down in air to room temperature. The resulting solid sample was washed with water and alcohol several times, and dried for more than 24h at room temperature in vacuum.

Reference： [1]Chen, Zhiying; Nan, Zhaodong [Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, vol. 48, # 10, p. 4319 - 4328]

68
[ 7732-18-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 792848-15-8 ]
[ 792848-15-8 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With sodium dodecyl-sulfate; urea; 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 90℃; for 24h; Autoclave; High pressure;	2.2 Methods In a typical preparation of CaCO3 crystals, an aqueous solution contained 50mM calcium acetate, 0.25mM urea, and 5.0mM SDS was prepared in a beaker. The pH value of the solution was 8.0. Different amounts of TMB were added into the beaker, in which the molar ratio of TMB to SDS was 0/1, 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1/1, and 10/1, respectively. The solution was stirred with a magnetic blender for about 15-20min. 80ml of the solution was transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (100ml). The autoclave was placed in an oven, which the temperature of the oven was controlled at 90°C and 120°C for different times, respectively. After the hydrothermal treatment, the autoclave was pulled out the oven to cool down in air to room temperature. The resulting solid sample was washed with water and alcohol several times, and dried for more than 24h at room temperature in vacuum.

Reference： [1]Chen, Zhiying; Nan, Zhaodong [Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, vol. 48, # 10, p. 4319 - 4328]

69
[ 7732-18-5 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 792848-15-8 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With sodium dodecyl-sulfate; urea; 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 90℃; for 24h; Autoclave; High pressure;	2.2 Methods In a typical preparation of CaCO3 crystals, an aqueous solution contained 50mM calcium acetate, 0.25mM urea, and 5.0mM SDS was prepared in a beaker. The pH value of the solution was 8.0. Different amounts of TMB were added into the beaker, in which the molar ratio of TMB to SDS was 0/1, 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1/1, and 10/1, respectively. The solution was stirred with a magnetic blender for about 15-20min. 80ml of the solution was transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (100ml). The autoclave was placed in an oven, which the temperature of the oven was controlled at 90°C and 120°C for different times, respectively. After the hydrothermal treatment, the autoclave was pulled out the oven to cool down in air to room temperature. The resulting solid sample was washed with water and alcohol several times, and dried for more than 24h at room temperature in vacuum.

Reference： [1]Chen, Zhiying; Nan, Zhaodong [Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, vol. 48, # 10, p. 4319 - 4328]

70
lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate [ No CAS ]
[ 546-68-9 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
La_0.8Ca_0.2TiO(3-x) [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate; titanium(IV)isopropoxide; calcium acetate With citric acid In water at 60℃; for 8h; Stage #2: at 120℃; for 24h; Stage #3: at 800℃; for 2h;	Precursors were dissolved in 50 mL distilled water. After the formation of the clear solution 26 mmol citric acid and 5 mmol of polyethylene glycol were added and the solution was heated to 60 C with continuous stirring for 8 h to obtain gel. Later the gel was placed in an oven for 24 h at 120 C till it dried to become a brown porous solid. Further, the dried gel was calcined at 800 C for 2 h

Reference： [1]Bradha; Hussain; Chakravarty, Sujay; Amarendra; Ashok, Anuradha [Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, vol. 626, p. 245 - 251]

71
lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate [ No CAS ]
titanium tetraisopropoxide [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
La_0.8Ca_0.2TiO(3-x) [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate; titanium tetraisopropoxide; calcium acetate With citric acid In water at 60℃; for 8h; Stage #2: at 800℃; for 2h; Calcination;	2. Experimental details General procedure: High purity (99.9%) Sigma-Aldrich chemicals La(NO3)36H2O, Ba(C2H3O2)2, Sr(C2H3O2)2, Ca(C2H3O2)2, and C12H28O4Ti were used as precursors for the synthesis of undoped, A-site doped (La0.8A0.2TiO3d, A = Ba, Sr, Ca) lanthanum titanate(LaTiO(3-x)) perovskites using wet chemical method (i.e., citric acid sol-gel method). The undoped LaTiO(3-x) gel was synthesized using 4.5 mmol of La(NO3)36H2O, 4.5 mmol of C12H28O4Ti and the precursors were dissolved in 50 mL distilled water.After the formation of the clear solution 26 mmol citric acid and 5 mmol of polyethylene glycol were added and the solution was heated to 60° C with continuous stirring for 8 h to obtain gel. Later the gel was placed in an oven for 24 h at 120° C till it dried to become a brown porous solid. Similar method was followed for the A-site doped perovskites. Further, the dried gel was calcined at 800° C for 2 h.

Reference： [1]Bradha; Hussain; Chakravarty, Sujay; Amarendra; Ashok, Anuradha [Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, vol. 626, p. 245 - 251]

72
silica-alumina [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
None [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
1.845 g	In water at 600℃; for 5h;	21 After 2.006 g of HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3=280) was impregnated with a solution in which 0.053 g of calcium acetate monohydrate was dissolved in 20.189 g of deionized water, and the resultant was dried and calcinated at 600° C. for 5 hours, thereby obtaining 1.845 g of a cracking catalyst 7. From the result of the ICP analysis, the oxide content (molar ratio) of the obtained cracking catalyst 7 was SiO2/Al2O3/CaO=297/1.00/2.28.

Reference： [1]Current Patent Assignee: SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED; UNIVERSITY OF TOYAMA; Sumitomo Chemical (w/o Dongwoo Fine-Chem) - US2015/225309, 2015, A1 Location in patent: Paragraph 0488; 0489

73
[ 17754-90-4 ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 18514-52-8 ]
C₂₆H₂₈CaN₆O₂ [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
72%	In ethanol at 70℃; for 12h;

Reference： [1]Cheng, Jinghui; Gou, Fei; Zhang, Xiaohong; Shen, Guangyu; Zhou, Xiangge; Xiang, Haifeng [Inorganic Chemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 18, p. 9221 - 9229]

74
tetrabutoxytitanium [ No CAS ]
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-80-6 ]
erbium(III) nitrate [ No CAS ]
None [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: tetrabutoxytitanium; calcium acetate; barium(II) acetate; erbium(III) nitrate In ethanol; water; acetic acid at 49.84 - 59.84℃; for 1h; Stage #2: at 899.84 - 1399.84℃; for 7h;	2 Methods A 1mol% Er3+ doped BCT ceramic was prepared by the sol-gel method. Barium acetate (Ba(CH3COO)2), calcium acetate (Ca(CH3COO)2), tetrabutyl titanate (TiC16H36O4), and erbium nitrate solution (Er(NO3)3) were used as raw materials. Absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid were used as solvents. Ba(CH3COO)2, Ca(CH3COO)2, and Er(NO3)3 were first dissolved in a solution of glacial acetic acid and deionized water, according to the stoichiometric ratios. The solution was stirred for 0.5hat 323K, and then, tetrabutyl titanate was dissolved in a separate solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid. While all the solutions were cooled to room temperature, the former solution was added dropwise to the latter. The resulting solution was stirred at 333K. After 0.5h, a clear gel was formed. This precursor was dried in an oven at 353K for 12h and then calcined at 1173K for 3h. The resulting powders were pressed into disk pellets and sintered at 1673K for 4h. The samples were coated with silver paste and fired at 823K for 0.5h for ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity testing. Then, the sample was polished for optical tests.

Reference： [1]Liang, Zhang; Sun, Enwei; Pei, Shenghai; Zhang, Jingyang; Qin, Feng; Zheng, Yangdong; Zhao, Hua; Zhang, Zhiguo; Cao, Wenwu [Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, vol. 701, p. 63 - 66]

75
[ 62-54-4 ]
[ 543-80-6 ]
titanium(IV) oxide [ No CAS ]
tin(IV) oxide [ No CAS ]
Ba_0.93Ca_0.07(Ti_0.91Sn_0.09)O₃ [ No CAS ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	Stage #1: calcium acetate; barium(II) acetate; titanium(IV) oxide; tin(IV) oxide With citric acid In water at 80℃; for 10h; Stage #2: at 250 - 1250℃; for 27h; Calcination; Stage #3: air at 750 - 1400℃; for 7h;	2.1 Ceramic sample preparation General procedure: BCTS powders were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction combined with a gel precursor mixing method. First, analytically pure metal acetate Ba(CH3COO)2 (99.0%) and Ca(CH3COO)2 (98.0%) were dissolved in distilled water and mixed under constant stirring, followed by adding a certain amount of TiO2 (99.5%), SnO2 (99.5%) and 16-20g citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7·H2O). Then, the solution was kept at 80°C for 10h until the gelation process completed. After that, the gel precursor was calcined at 250°C for 6h, followed by an initial calcination at 750°C for 5h and a second calcination at 1200°C for 8h in air atmosphere. The obtained powders were mixed by ball milling in alcohol using zirconia balls for 12h. After the ball milling, the powders were calcined again at 1250°C for a further 8h. Finally, the calcined powders were ball-milled one more time for 12h and then dried and sieved, followed by the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder. The resulting powders were then sieved, granulated, and pressed into disk shaped samples with a diameter of 10mm and a thickness of ∼1mm. All the samples were sintered at 1400°C for 2h in air after burning out the PVA binder at 750°C for 5h. By the improved method, uniformly mixed raw materials and ceramics with relatively uniform particle size and sharp grain boundaries were easily obtained.