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CAS No. : | 625-50-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00009029 |
Formula : | C4H9NO | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 87.12 | Pubchem ID : | 12253 |
Synonyms : |
|
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P264-P270-P301+P312+P330-P501 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
74% | With potassium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane at 60℃; for 8h; | |
at 200 - 220℃; | ||
With ammonia; potassium amide |
at 200 - 220℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With phosphorus pentachloride durch 'Beckmannsche Umlagerung'; | ||
With iodine In acetonitrile for 2h; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sulfuric acid In decalin |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With copper-manganese catalyst; ammonia; hydrogen at 270℃; | ||
With copper-manganese catalyst; ammonia; hydrogen at 270℃; | ||
With copper-manganese catalyst; ammonia; hydrogen at 270℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With ammonium peroxydisulfate; tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 3h; Irradiation; | 72 Example 72: Acetylethylamine 0.2 mmol of ammonium persulfate, 1 mmol of acetic acid, 1 mmol of ethylamine, 0.3 mmol of TBAB, 2 mmol of potassium hydroxide and 3 mL of water were added to the reaction vessel, and 5 W was placed at room temperature. The mixture was reacted for 3 h in a photocatalytic reactor, and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate and water and concentrated.The product was purified by column chromatography to give a white solid.The yield was 94%. |
With hydrogenchloride In water for 24h; Ambient temperature; relative reactivities of various amines towards EDC-activated acetic acid under competitive conditions at pH 5.0 and room temperature; | ||
With tetrachlorosilane; benzene |
Stage #1: ethylamine; acetic acid In cyclohexane Autoclave; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: In cyclohexane at 267℃; for 0.00805556h; Autoclave; Microwave irradiation; | 2 Example 2; Preparation of N-ethylacetamideWhile cooling with ice, 1.8 kg of ethylamine (40 mol) were introduced by means of a dropping funnel into a solution consisting of 3.5 kg of cyclohexane and 2.4 kg of acetic acid (40 mol) in a 10 l Büchi stirred autoclave with gas inlet tube, stirrer, internal thermometer and pressure equalizer. In a strongly exothermic reaction, the N-ethylammonium acetate formed.The ammonium salt thus obtained was pumped through the reaction tube continuously at 6.0 l/h at a working pressure of 25 bar and exposed to a microwave power of 2.5 kW, 91% of which was absorbed by the reaction mixture. The residence time of the reaction mixture in the irradiation zone was approx. 29 seconds. At the end of the reaction tube, the reaction mixture had a temperature of 267° C.A conversion of 92% of theory was attained. The reaction product was slightly yellowish in color and contained <2 ppm of iron. After distillative removal of cyclohexane and water of reaction, 2.3 kg of N-ethylacetamide were obtained with a purity of 94%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With pyridine; toluene at 60℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ammonia; nickel at 260℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogen azide; sulfuric acid; benzene | ||
With (triphenyl phosphite)gold(I) chloride; trimethylsilylazide; silver trifluoromethanesulfonate; trifluoroacetic acid In dichloromethane; water at 0 - 20℃; for 28h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ethyl bromide at 150℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydride; toluene |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydride; toluene anschliessendes Erhitzen mit Pentylbromid; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With di-tert-butyl peroxide | ||
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 154 - 158℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With di-tert-butyl peroxide | ||
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 154 - 158℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With di-tert-butyl peroxide | ||
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 155 - 160℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With trichlorophosphate In toluene |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With di-tert-butyl peroxide | ||
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 154 - 158℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine | ||
With triethylamine In toluene |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol; xylene Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol; xylene Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol; xylene Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol; xylene Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol; xylene Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With dinitrogen pentoxide In chloroform | ||
With nitric acid; acetic anhydride |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With K(1+)*Cl4HI(1-) In chloroform |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With K(1+)*Cl4HI(1-) In chloroform |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride at 180℃; for 10h; Yield given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | In dichloromethane at 15 - 20℃; Irradiation; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sulfuric acid; iron(II) sulfate; hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid In water at 20℃; for 2h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With norborn-2-ene In dichloromethane at 15 - 20℃; Irradiation; Yields of byproduct given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
13 g | With sodium acetate In water for 2h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In 1,4-dioxane; water at 22℃; pH=11.07; | ||
In benzene for 2h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50.2% | With pyridine at 60℃; for 7h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20% | With carbon monoxide; hydrogen In ethyl acetate at 145 - 160℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With silica gel In chloroform 1) below 5 deg C, 30 min; 2) RT, 1 h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71% | In hexane for 5h; Ambient temperature; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
37% | With potassium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 120℃; for 3h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
22% | With phosphorus (III) oxychloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; m-MeC6H4NHAc at 75℃; for 3h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
57% | With di-tert-butyl diperoxyoxalate at 60℃; for 6h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
30% | In benzene Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With phosphorus pentachloride In tetrachloromethane for 4.33333h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With tetraphosphorus decasulfide |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | With pyridine; N-hydroxyphthalimide; sodium perchlorate In acetonitrile controlled potential electrolysis, electrodes: glassy-carbon vs. SCE; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hexabromotelluric acid In acetonitrile Yield given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 0℃; for 0.416667h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at -15℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With aluminium trichloride at 50 - 70℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; sulfuric acid; lithium bromide at 130℃; for 60h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide 1.) acetonitrile, 22 deg C; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ammonia; hydrogen; barium carbonate at 270℃; | ||
With aluminium carbonate; ammonia; hydrogen at 270℃; | ||
With ammonia; hydrogen; cobalt(II) carbonate at 270℃; |
With aluminium carbonate; ammonia; hydrogen at 270℃; | ||
With ammonia; hydrogen; barium carbonate at 270℃; | ||
With ammonia; hydrogen; cobalt(II) carbonate at 270℃; | ||
With ammonia; hydrogen; barium carbonate at 270℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide 1.) 22 deg C; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
at 700℃; for 2.77778E-06h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
47% | With H2NSO3N In acetonitrile at 90℃; for 6h; | |
47% | With 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triazine In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetonitrile at 0℃; for 10h; | 1.3 Synthesis of amides by rearrangement of ketoximes General procedure: In a general procedure, 20 mL of glass vial was charged with 156 mg of DMSO (2 mmol) and 368 mg of TCT (2 mmol). The reagents were dissolved in 6 mL of MeCN (AR, >99%) and stirred at ice-base for 10 min. Ketoxime (2 mmol) in 2 mL of MeCN was added in. The reaction was monitored by TLC until the one substrate consumed. Volatiles were removed under vacuum. The residues were re-dissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted firstly by saturated aqueous sodium carbonate, then dilute hydrochloride (1 N) and finally saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The pure product was obtained by silica-filled flash column chromatography. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | With acetic anhydride; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In toluene at 110℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | Stage #1: N-chlorobenzotriazole With triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: N-ethylacetamide In tetrahydrofuran for 20h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With phosphorus pentachloride In tetrachloromethane for 5h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran for 1h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With pyridine; trichlorophosphate In chloroform at 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With acetic anhydride; toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 150℃; for 0.333333h; microwave irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In benzene for 0.0333333h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With n-butyllithium In hexane; 1-butoxyhexane | 8 2-(N-Ethyl-acetamido)-4,5-dimethyloxazole EXAMPLE 8 2-(N-Ethyl-acetamido)-4,5-dimethyloxazole N-Ethyl-acetamide (10.0 g, 0.115 m) in dry butyl hexyl ether (50 ml) was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen during the dropwise addition of a 1.445 M solution of n-butyl lithium in hexane (79.6 ml, 0.115 m). After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and then a solution of 4,5-dimethyl-2-methylsulphonyloxazole (20.0 g, 0.114 m) in dry butyl hexyl ether (50 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Isolation of the product and distillation gave a colourless oil, b.p. 61°-62° C/0.3 mm. Analysis: Found: C: 56.21; H: 8.42; N: 16.41; O: 18.92%. C8 H14 N2 O2 requires: C: 56.45; H: 8.29; N: 16.46; O: 18.80%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In <i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide | 9 2-(N-Ethyl-acetamido)-4-methyloxazole EXAMPLE 9 2-(N-Ethyl-acetamido)-4-methyloxazole N-Ethyl-acetamide (1.18 g, 0.0135 m) in dry dimethylformamide (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen during the portionwise addition of 50% sodium hydride/oil dispersion (0.65 g, 0.0135 m). After the addition, the mixture was warmed to 50° C. and then 4-methyl-2-phenylmethylsulphinyloxazole (3.0 g, 0.0135 m) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 5 hours and then hydrolyzed with water. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue extracted with diethyl ether. Column chromatography on silica using ether gave a pale yellow oil which gave the title product as a colourless oil on distillation, b.p. 50°-51° C./0.05 mm. Analysis: Found: C: 53.92; H: 7.62; N: 17.82; O: 20.59%. C7 H12 N2 O2 requires: C: 53.83; H: 7.74; N: 17.94; O: 20.49%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
18% | With hydrogen In ethyl acetate at 80℃; for 20h; Autoclave; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71 %Chromat. | With [RuH(CO)(BPy-tPNN*)]; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 110℃; for 48h; Fischer-Porter tube; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | Stage #1: 1-methylindole; N-ethylacetamide With Fe3O(6+)*3C8H4O4(2-) In diphenylether for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: With di-tert-butyl peroxide In diphenylether at 120℃; for 1h; | 2.2 Catalytic studies General procedure: In a representative experiment, a mixture of 1-methylindole (0.125ml, 1mmol) and diphenyl ether (0.1ml), as an internal standard in N,N-dimethylacetamide (4ml) was added into a 25ml round bottom flask. The catalyst (0.014g, 5mol%) was then added to the flask. The catalyst concentration was calculated with regard to the iron/1-methylindole molar ratio. The reaction mixture was magnetically stirred for 5min to scatter the Fe-MOF catalyst in the liquid phase. Subsequently, di-tert-butyl peroxide (0.62ml, 3mmol) were added to the reaction mixture. The solution was magnetically stirred at 120°C for 60min. Reaction yield was monitored by withdrawing samples at different time periods, quenching with KOH solution (5% w/w, 1ml). The organic constituents were then extracted into ethyl acetate (2ml), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, analyzed by GC concerning diphenylether internal standard. N-Methyl-N-((1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)acetamide was purified by column chromatography on silica gel. GC-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses were conducted to confirm the product structure. To examine the recyclability of the catalyst, the Fe-MOF was separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation, washed many times with dichloromethane, activated in a Shlenkline under vacuum at 140°C for 3h, and reused for further experiment. |
69% | With iron(III) chloride; di-tert-butyl peroxide at 120℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Neat (no solvent); |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | With iron(III) chloride; di-tert-butyl peroxide at 120℃; for 5.5h; Inert atmosphere; Neat (no solvent); |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In acetonitrile at -10.16℃; Inert atmosphere; Photolysis; | 4.3. Photolysis in the presence of MNP General procedure: Using a porous-bottom flask, acetonitrile (10 ml) was deoxygenated by bubbling pure N2 gas for circa 30 min, before adding the alkyl amide (final concentration 2 M). After nitrogen-purging the solution for 10 more minutes, MNP was added (10-3 M) and the EPR experiment immediately run. It was carried out by photolyzing the solution continuously flowing through a flat cell placed inside the EPR spectrometer cavity.Additional experiments were also accomplished adding to the final solution a substantial amount of the photoinitiator PILA 124 and filtering the incident UV radiation through a 400 nm long-pass filter in order to avoid light absorption by the amides. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With nitrogen(II) oxide In acetonitrile at 19.84℃; Inert atmosphere; Photolysis; | 4.4. Photolysis in the presence of NO General procedure: Using a porous-bottom flask, acetonitrile (10 ml) was deoxygenated by bubbling N2 gas, for circa 30 min; the solvent was then purged with NO for 20 more minutes, the resulting final NO concentration being circa 10-3 M. To avoid pollution by adventitious NOx, such as NO2, the NO stream was first passed through a concentrated NaOH aqueous solution to trap the undesired species. Finally, the amide was added (final concentration 2 M) a few minutes before the end of the NO purging. The solution, continuously flowing through the flat cell, was then photolysed inside the cavity of the EPR spectrometer. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | General procedure: To solution PCl5 (0.0165 mol) in 100 mL of dry benzene was added 0.015 mol amide at -5 C. The solution was stirred for 15 min and 0.014 mol aniline was added at the same temperature. The result mixture was stirred for 20 min at the room temperature and then stirred and refluxed for 4 h. The separation procedure was different in each case: (i) for oily reaction mixture the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. (ii) The precipitate was filtered where it was possible. In any case the residue was dissolved in 75 mL water. Then 5 M NaOH was added to pH=10. The formed oil was solidified during 1-4 h and precipitate was filtered. The product was purified by crystallization from a mixture of EtOAc/hexane (1:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: N-ethylacetamide With phosphorus pentachloride In benzene at -5℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: 2-bromoaniline In benzene at -5℃; for 4.66667h; Reflux; Stage #3: With sodium hydroxide In water | 4.4.4. N'-(2-Bromophenyl)-N-ethylethanimidamide (1h) General procedure: To solution PCl5 (0.0165 mol) in 100 mL of dry benzene was added 0.015 mol amide at -5 °C. The solution was stirred for 15 min and 0.014 mol aniline was added at the same temperature. The result mixture was stirred for 20 min at the room temperature and then stirred and refluxed for 4 h. The separation procedure was different in each case: (i) for oily reaction mixture the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. (ii) The precipitate was filtered where it was possible. In any case the residue was dissolved in 75 mL water. Then 5 M NaOH was added to pH=10. The formed oil was solidified during 1-4 h and precipitate was filtered. The product was purified by crystallization from a mixture of EtOAc/hexane (1:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With di-tert-butyl peroxide; iron(II) chloride In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95 %Spectr. | In <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol at 65℃; for 18h; chemoselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With bismuth(III) chloride; sodium nitrite In dichloromethane at 23℃; for 2h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
830 mg | Stage #1: N-ethylacetamide With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: 1-bromomethyl-4-bromobenzene In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 2h; | 4.1.4.1 N-(4-Bromobenzyl)-N-ethylacetamide for Examples 50, 68 0.568 mL N-ethylacetamide was dissolved in 20 mL THF. 0.67 g Potassium tert-butoxide was added and the mixture stirred for 20 min at 50°C . Then 1 g of 4-bromobenzylbromide dissolved in 5 mL THF was added and the suspension stirred for 2 h at 50°C. After cooling, ethylacetate and water were added and the organic phase extracted with water (lx), dried and the solvent distilled off. The product was purified via FCC (cyclohexane/ ethylacetate: 90/10 50/50) to yield 830 mg N-(4-bromobenzyl)-N-ethylacetamide as an oil.Analysis: HPLC-MS: Rt = 2.67 min (method C), M+H = 256 |
830 mg | Stage #1: N-ethylacetamide With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: 1-bromomethyl-4-bromobenzene In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 2h; | 4.1.4.1 N-(4-Bromobenzyl)-N-ethylacetamide for Examples 50, 68 N-(4-Bromobenzyl)-N-ethylacetamide for Examples 50, 68[0186] N-ethylacetamide was dissolved in 20 mL THF. 0.67 g Potassium tert-butoxide was added and the mixture stirred for 20 min at 50° C. Then 1 g of 4-bromobenzylbromide dissolved in 5 mL THF was added and the suspension stirred for 2 h at 50° C. After cooling, ethylacetate and water were added and the organic phase extracted with water (1×), dried and the solvent distilled off. The product was purified via FCC (cyclohexane/ethylacetate: 90/10→50/50) to yield 830 mg N-(4-bromobenzyl)-N-ethylacetamide as an oil.[0188]Analysis: HPLC-MS: Rt=2.67 min (method C), M+H=256 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With tri-tert-butyl phosphine; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; nickel diacetate In 1,4-dioxane; toluene at 80℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; | |
78% | With C19H26ClIrNOP; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 80℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; regioselective reaction; | 2. General procedure for α-alkylation of amides General procedure: To a 5 mL dried Schlenk tube was added with iridium complex 1b (2.7 mg, 0.5 mol %), KOtBu (134 mg, 1.2 mmol), Benzyl alcohol 2a (103 µL, 1 mmol), and N,N-dimethylacetamide 3a (150 µL, 2.0 mmol) under an argon atmosphere, followed by toluene (1.0 mL). The flask was sealed tightly with a teflon plug under an argon atmosphere, and the solution stirred in a 80 °C oil bath for 12 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was removed under high vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and filtrated though celite. The filter was collected and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:4) to afford the product 4a, colorless oil, isolated yield: 92%, 160 mg. |
72% | With C29H55IrN3P2(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 120℃; for 15h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In dimethyl sulfoxide at 45℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 160℃; for 120h; Autoclave; | The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) spectrumindicated that there were no detectable organic compoundsin the starting purified triethylamine. In a typical synthesis,0.6 ml (4.3 mmol) purified triethylamine and 10 mL 30% (0.1 mol)hydrogen peroxide solution were mixed with water and then added into each steel alloy (Fe-Cr-Ni alloy, GB-1220-92) autoclavewith a filling capacity of 90% (approx. 1.4 MPa). The autoclaveswere then sealed tightly and placed in the oven with the temperatureranging from 20 to 200 C at the interval of every 20 C. After5 days, the solution in the autoclaves was taken out and analyzed.The final pH of the reaction mixture was 9.7. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was employed to identify theproducts. It is proved that 120 C is a turning point: when the temperatureis lower than that, the main product is N,N-diethylhydroxylamine(1); on the contrary, the product is more complex andthe main products are amides: N,N-diethylacetamide(2),N-ethylacetamide(3), acetylamine(4), and 1-ethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione(5), when the mass spectra of the products were comparedto those of standard substances (Figs. S1-S5). The reaction can berepresented as follows: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
23 %Chromat. | With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 130℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | |
52 %Chromat. | With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide; 1,10-Phenanthroline In dimethyl sulfoxide at 50℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Sealed tube; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | In chloroform for 0.116667h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | With 1,10-Phenanthroline; copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex; di-tert-butyl peroxide at 120℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With ammonium acetate; oxygen; acetic acid; copper(l) chloride at 110℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 60 %Chromat. 2: 40 %Chromat. | With methyltrifluoromethyldioxirane; trifluoroacetic acid In acetone at 0℃; for 3h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 60 %Chromat. 2: 40 %Chromat. | With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane In acetone at 0 - 25℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
58% | With dimanganese decacarbonyl; potassium carbonate at 80℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: iso-butanol With caprolactam; N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(butanesulfonic acid)ammonium hydrogensulfate; 6Na(1+)*O4W(2-)*2H2O at 80℃; Green chemistry; Stage #2: With hydroxyammonium sulfate at 80℃; for 5h; Green chemistry; | 2.2. Catalytic testing General procedure: In a typical procedure, Na2WO4 (2.75 mmol) and an ionicliquid were mixed with cyclohexanol (50 mmol) in a 100-mLthree-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, magneticstirrer and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was thenheated to the required temperature, and treated with 30%H2O2 (75 mmol), which was added in a dropwise manner to thereaction mixture with vigorous stirring over 5 h. Hydroxylaminesulfate (25 mmol) was then added to the flask with vigorousstirring over a certain period of time. Upon completion ofthe reaction, the mixture was allowed to settle to give twophases. The aqueous phase was collected and extracted withdichloromethane, and the extracted products were identifiedby gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a ThermoTrace DSQ gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (ThermoElectron, Massachusetts, America). The products were analyzedon an SP-3420A gas chromatograph equipped with a KB-Waxcolumn (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With nitric acid In water at 50℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; | 2 2.1.2 (UO2)(eam)2(NO3)2 (2) a mixture of 211mg (0.42mmol) UO2(NO3)2·6H2O, 73mg (0.84mmol) N-ethylacetamide and 5mL aqueous HNO3 (0.5M) was placed in a glass tube and then heated at 50°C for 24h. The resulting yellow liquid phase was left at room temperature in air atmosphere for slow evaporation for one week. 2 was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-3400N) showing well-shaped parallelepiped crystals of 25-80μm size (Fig. S1b). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 1163 g 2: 1305 g | With aluminum oxide at 10 - 15℃; Large scale; | 10 Preparation of Methylallyl alcohol and N-ethyl acetamide Into a 5L reaction flask, stirring, add 2000 g of methylallyl acetate, add 100 g of basic aluminiumoxide, cooled at 5° C. With a constant pressure funnel slowly dropping ethylamine liquid, the reaction temperature is controlled at about 10-15 ° C. Add drops of 920g ethylamine , gas phase detection of methallyl basic consumption. Stop the reaction. Atmospheric distillation to collect 114 ° C fraction, that is Methylallyl alcohol 1163g. Decompression distillation and then collected 1305g of N-ethyl acetamide. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | In methanol at 135℃; for 0.25h; Microwave irradiation; | General procedure for the preparation of acetamides 3a-3u (via microwave irradiation) General procedure: To a solution of 1.5 eq trimethyl orthoacetate in 2 mL MeOH was added amine hydrochloride (0.0015 mol). After heating via microwave irradiation to 135°C for 15 minutes, the product was isolated by concentration in vacuo to give essentially pure acetamides. In general, these reactions were accompanied by an expected but slight increase in pressure - none exceeded the pressure limits of the instrument. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | Stage #1: N-ethylacetamide With trichlorophosphate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-ethoxycarbonylaniline In dichloromethane at 40℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane; water Inert atmosphere; | General procedure for preparation of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives General procedure: A mixture of an amide (1 equivalent) in dry DCM 60 mL and POCl3 (1.26 ml, 1.36 mmol, 2 equation) was stirred for 1.5 h at room temperature. To the reaction, a solution of ethyl 2-aminobenzoate (1) (1.18 g, 0.71 mmol, 1.05 equivalent) in DCM (20 mL) was added dropwise and heated to 40°C overnight. Ice-cold water was then added followed by a 30% NaOH solution to alkaline pH. The organic solvents were concentrated under vacuum, the extracted with DCM, brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was evaporated in vacuum and the crude purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate) to give the desired products (11-19), (Table 1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99 %Chromat. | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; silver tetrafluoroborate; C15H4BClCoF18N6; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 10h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ozone In water at 25℃; for 0.333333h; UV-irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89.7% | With pyridine; pyrrole; triethylamine In 1,4-dioxane; toluene at 70 - 90℃; for 5h; | 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8 Example 1 Put 174 grams of N-ethylacetamide, 2 grams of pyrrole, 82.95 grams of pyridine, 106.05 grams of triethylamine, 100 grams of toluene, and 100 grams of dioxane into a 1000-mL four-necked flask.Plug a thermometer, condenser, mechanical stirring device and constant pressure dropping funnel into the four-necked flask,Place the flask in an intelligent thermostatic heating jacket; add 141 grams of methylvinyldichlorosilane to a constant pressure dropping funnel,Turn on the stirring and heating device; when the temperature in the flask rises to 70 degrees Celsius, start adding methyl vinyl dichlorosilane dropwise,Keep the drop temperature at 70-80 degrees Celsius, the drop time is 2 hours; after the drop is added, heat up to 90 ° C, Hold for 3 hours; cool to room temperature, filter to obtain crude product, and then rectify and purify,217 grams of product with a 97% content was obtained with a yield of 89.7%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium di(bis(trimethylsilyl)amide) In benzene-d6 at 120℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | |
99 %Spectr. | With La(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3 on SBA-15 In benzene-d6 at 120℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | |
With La(CH<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>NMe<SUB>2</SUB>-o)<SUB>3</SUB> In benzene-d6 at 120℃; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | In neat (no solvent) at 30℃; for 0.25h; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
48% | Stage #1: isoquinoline With trifluoroacetic acid In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 27℃; for 0.25h; Sealed tube; Stage #2: N-ethylacetamide In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 27℃; for 60h; Sealed tube; Irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | In toluene at 120℃; for 3h; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20% | With iodobenzene; water; toluene-4-sulfonic acid; Selectfluor at 25℃; for 16h; Irradiation; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | With copper(l) iodide; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; N<SUP>1</SUP>,N<SUP>2</SUP>-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With copper(l) iodide; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; N<SUP>1</SUP>,N<SUP>2</SUP>-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | In neat (no solvent) at 150℃; for 15h; Green chemistry; |
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