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CAS No. : | 643-65-2 | MDL No. : | MFCD00008535 |
Formula : | C14H12O | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | URBLVRAVOIVZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 196.24 | Pubchem ID : | 69511 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 15 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 12 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.07 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 2 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 1.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 61.28 |
TPSA : | 17.07 Ų |
GI absorption : | High |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -4.79 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.44 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 3.81 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 3.23 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 3.26 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 3.91 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 3.33 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -3.92 |
Solubility : | 0.0238 mg/ml ; 0.000121 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -3.86 |
Solubility : | 0.0269 mg/ml ; 0.000137 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -5.25 |
Solubility : | 0.00109 mg/ml ; 0.00000557 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 2.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.42 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); In tetrachloromethane; at 75℃; for 6.5h; | Commercially available 3-methylbenzophenone (4.00 g, 20.4 mmol) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (100 mL), and N-bromosuccinimide (4.71 g, 26.5 mmol) and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (1.00 g, 6.09 mmol) was added to the solution, followed by stirring at 75C for 6.5 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled, the precipitates were filterd out. The filtrate was combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:20) to obtain 3-bromomethylbenzophenone (4.31 g, yield 77%). |
66% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; azobisisobutyronitrile; In tetrachloromethane;Reflux; | A solution of phenyl(m-tolyl)methanone (2.0 g omopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (2.0 g, 11 mmol), and (E)-2,2'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(2-methylpropanenitrile) (0.167 g, 1.02 mmol) in CCl4 (60 mL) was refluxed overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was washed with water (3 x 20 mL), dried, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied to a silica gel column and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane, 1:20 to give (3-(bromomethyl)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone (1.85 g, 6.73 mmol, 66% yield) as a white solid. LCMS m/z = 274.8 [M+H]+. |
32.3% | With bromine; In tetrachloromethane; at 0 - 80℃; for 24.5h; | Intermediate 1 : [3-(Bromomethyl) phenyl] (phenyl) methanoneTo a 1000 mL RB flask fitted with magnetic stirrer, was charged with 375 mL of CCI4. The solvent was cooled to 0 "C and to the stirred solvent was added phenyl-m-to lyl- methanone (15.0 g, 76.45 mmol) followed by the addition of bromine (24.43 g, 152.9 mmol) at 0 and the mixture was allowed to stir at the sam e temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was refluxed at 80 *C for 24 h. After completion of the reaction (reaction monitored by TLC), RM was cooled to 10 *C and quenc hed with the addition of solid sodium bicarbonate (15 g, 178.57 mmol). The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (300 mL X 2) and saturated brine solution (300 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to get the product as a white solid (6.8 g, Yield: 32.3 %): H N R (300MHz, CDCI3): delta 7.74- 7.76(m, 2H), 7.71-7.72(t, 2H), 7.51-7.67(m, 2H), 7.40-7.45(m, 3H), 4.46(s, 2H). |
With bromine; In tetrachloromethane; | (b) 39.2 g (0.2 mol) of 3-methylbenzophenone and 38.4 g (0.24 mol) of bromine were stirred at reflux in 1 l of carbon tetrachloride for 8 hours. After distillation of the solvent in a water-jet vacuum the crude product obtained was chromatographed on 500 g of silica gel with hexane and methylene chloride. The thus-purified product was recrystallized from n-hexane. There were thus obtained 21.76 g (40% of theory) of (3-bromomethyl-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone in the form of colourless crystals; MS: 274, 276 (M)+. | |
With bromine; In ethylene dibromide; | 3-bromomethylbenzophenone is prepared by dissolving 3-methylbenzophenone (95 g.) in ethylene bromide (200 cc.), heating the solution under reflux, and adding a solution of bromine (79 g.) in ethylene bromide (60 cc.) over a period of 3 hours in the presence of ultra-violet light. Heating under reflux is continued for 30 minutes, and the product is concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure (20 mm. Hg) to give 3-bromomethylbenzophenone in the form of an oil in quantitative yield. 3-methylbenzophenone is prepared in accordance with E. Ador and A.A. Rilliet, Ber., 12, 2298 (1879). | |
6.8 g | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); In tetrachloromethane; at 80℃; for 0.8h;Inert atmosphere; | The 250 ml three-necked flask was thoroughly dried, passed through a nitrogen gas, and connected to a drying tube, followed by 9.81 g. 5-methylbenzophenone, 150ml of carbon tetrachloride, slowly warm to 80 C, stir reflux, add NBS and AIBN into the flask in three batches.The time interval is 0.8h, It was monitored by TLC until the reaction was completed, naturally cooled to room temperature, washed once with 0.05 mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution, twice with deionized water, filtered, and steamed. It was poured into absolute ethanol and recrystallized and dried to give 6.8 g of white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With [Pd(eta(5)-C5H5)Fe(eta(5)-C5H3-C(CH3)=N-C6H4-4-CH3)Cl(P(C6H5)3)]; potassium carbonate; In toluene; at 60℃; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: A reaction vessel was charged with a mixture of phenylboronic acid (0.5 mmol), K2CO3 (1.0 mmol), catalyst 2 (0.5 mol %) in toluene (2.0 mL), and stirred for about 20 min under nitrogen atmosphere. Then benzoic anhydride or benzoyl chloride was then added. The mixture was heated to 60 C and incubated in an oil bath at 60 C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was quenched by 5 mL water and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4. After removal of the solvent in vacuo, the product was obtained by purifying on preparative TLC, eluting with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether and the yield was calculated based on the phenylboronic acid (the purified products were identified by NMR spectra and comparison of the melting points with the literature data). In the recycle experiment, the residue was subjected to a second run of the acylation reaction by charging with the same substrates (benzoic anhydride or benzoyl chloride, phenylboronic acid, dioxane, and K2CO3) without further addition of cyclopalladated catalyst 2. |
84% | With 2C60H80NaO12(2+)*Cl6Pd2(2-); potassium carbonate; triphenylphosphine; In toluene; at 70℃; for 12h; | General procedure: A 5 mL flask charged with benzoyl chloride (1.0 mmol), arylboronic acid (0.5 mmol),K2CO3 (1.0 mmol), complex 1 (0.5 mol%, 3.1 mg), PPh3 (0.01 mmol, 1.3 mg) and toluene (2.0mL) was put into a preheated 70 oC oil bath for an appropriate period of time under air. After thereaction was finished, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through ashort silica column and washed with ethyl acetate. Then the combined filtrates were concentratedin vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (eluent: ethylacetate/petroleumether). All the products were known compounds and characterized by comparing mp, 1H NMRand 13C NMR spectra with literature. |
82% | With C30H38Cl2N8Pd(2+)*2Cl(1-); sodium carbonate; In water; acetone; at 60℃; for 12h; | General procedure: The catalyst (3.8 mg, 1.0 mol%), Na2CO3 (170 mg, 1.6 mmol), H2O (1.5 mL) and acetone (1.5 mL) was added into a 25 mL schlenk flask, then the reactor was stirred at room temperature for several minutes to dissolve the catalyst and base homogenously. Subsequently, benzoyl chloride (1.0 mmol) and boronic acid (1.2 mmol) were introduced. Then the flask was immersed in an oil bath preheated at 60 C for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether, and the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and was subsequently purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 20:1) yielding the desired products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
74.4% | With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; sodium acetate; acetic acid; at 80℃; for 3h; | Intermediate 20: {£, Z)-N-Hydroxy-1-(3-methylphenyl)-1-phenylmethanimineTo a 100 mL RB flask fitted with magnetic stirrer was charged 20 mL of acetic acid. To the stirred solvent was added (3-methylphenyl) (phenyl) methanone (2 g, 10 mmol) and sodium acetate (1.06 g, 1.3 eq). Then it was stirred for 5 min, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.89 g, 1.2 eq) was added. The RM heated 80 fo r 3 h. After completion of the reaction (reaction monitored by TLC), RM poured into water (75 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL X 2). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine solution (40 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and evaporated to dryness and purified by silica gel (100/200 mesh), using petroleum ether (60-80) and ethyl acetate gave title compound (1.6 g, yield: 74.4%); MS (ESI, 120 eV) : m/z = 212.1 (M+H)+; H NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d6): delta 11.27-11.28(d, 1 H), 7.04- 7.48(m, 9H), 2.27-2.33(d, 3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With NHC-Pd(II)-Im; sodium hydrogencarbonate; In water; at 20℃; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Under N2 atmosphere, NaHCO3 (2.4 mmol), benzoic anhydride 3a (1.5 mmol), phenylboronic acid 2a (0.75 mmol), and H2O were successively added into a Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 10 min. Then NHC-Pd(II)-Im complex 1 (1.0 mol %) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h and then was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The dried organic phase was then filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the pure product 4a. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate; triphenylphosphine; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0); In diethyl ether; at 20℃; for 1h;Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 4.3.1 Benzophenone (3a) 18 To phenylboronic acid (1a, 244 mg, 2 mmol), CuTC (191 mg, 1 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (29 mg, 0.05 mmol), and PPh3 (26.2 mg, 0.1 mmol), were added dry Et2O (30 mL) and benzoyl chloride (2a, 116 muL, 1 mmol) at rt and the reaction was monitored by GC and TLC. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was passed briefly through a Celite pad. Further, the pad was washed with Et2O (2*10 mL). The combined organics were concentrated with a rotary evaporator to give a viscous oil or solid. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc=9:1, Rf=0.47), benzophenone (3a) (142 mg, 0.78 mmol, 78%) was obtained as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
43% | Stage #1: (3-dimethylaminopropyl)-triphenylphosphoniumbromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0℃; Stage #2: 3-methyl benzophenone In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 78 percent / NH2OH*HCl; Na2CO3 / ethanol / 6 h / Heating 2: H2 / methanol / 2 h / 2250.18 - 3000.24 Torr |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With potassium phosphate; nickel dichloride; Trimethylacetic acid; at 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 11h;Green chemistry; | General procedure: Into a 25 ml reaction flask was successively added nickel chloride (0.01 mmol), substituted or non-substituted aryliodide (table 1) (0.5 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.75 mmol), potassium phosphate (1.0 mmol), pivalic acid (0.25 mmol) and polyethylene glycol 400 (2.0 g), and introduce one atmospheric pressure carbon monoxide. The reaction mixture at 80 C react until starting material reaction complete and cool to room temperature, pressure reducing evaporate the solvent column chromatography separation to obtain the product. The experimental results are set out in table 1. |
88% | With palladium diacetate; sodium carbonate; In water; at 100℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 7h;Sealed tube; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | General procedure: A 75 mL autoclave equipped with a Teflon liner and a magnetic stirrer bar was charged with Pd(OAc)2 (4.48 mg, 2.0 × 10-2 mmol), L (46.7 mg, 4.0 × 10-2 mmol) and H2O (6 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperatures for 0.5 h under N2. Then iodobenzene (113 muL, 1 mmol), phenylboronic acid (134 mg, 1.1 mmol), Na2CO3(106 mg, 1 mmol), and n-decane (0.1 mL, GC internal standard) were added. Once sealed, the autoclave was purged three times with CO, and pressurized to 1 atm of CO. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 C for 2 h. After reaction, the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (3 × 5 mL). The combined organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the product was purified by column chromatography. In the recycling experiment, the aqueous phase containing the catalyst was subjected to a second run by charging it with the same substrates as mentioned above, and the reaction performed under the same conditions. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With NHC-Pd(II)-Im; sodium hydrogencarbonate; In water; at 50℃; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Under N2 atmosphere, NaHCO3 (2.4 mmol), benzoic anhydride 3a (1.5 mmol), phenylboronic acid 2a (0.75 mmol), and H2O were successively added into a Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 10 min. Then NHC-Pd(II)-Im complex 1 (1.0 mol %) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h and then was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The dried organic phase was then filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the pure product 4a. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With tert.-butylnitrite; oxygen; acetic acid; 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone; In 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; at 130℃; for 8h;Autoclave; | General procedure: A Teflon-lines 316 L stainless steel autoclave (300 mL) equipped with magnetic stirring bar was charged with substituted diarylmethanes 1 (2 mmol), 136.2 mg DDQ (0.6 mmol, 30 mol %), 41.2 mg TBN (0.4 mmol, 20 mol %), 480 mg acetic acid (8 mmol) and 20 mL TeCA. The autoclave was closed and charged with oxygen to 0.3 MPa. Then the autoclave was placed in an oil bath, which was preheated to 130 C. The mixture was then stirred for a certain time until the reaction was completed. The autoclave was taken out from the oil bath, cooled to room temperature and carefully depressurized. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography to give the desired diarylketones. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With potassium phosphate; 3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one; C14H10Cl2N2O2Ru; tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate; In water; toluene; at 100℃; for 24h; | General procedure: In a typical run, an oven-dried 10 mL round bottom flask was charged with a known mole percent of ruthenium catalyst, K3PO4 (1.0 mmol), p-substituted phenylboronic acid (1.25 mmol), ligand (0.05 mmol), arylaldehyde (0.5 mmol) and 2.0 mL toluene and 0.2 mL water as solvent. The flask was placed in a preheated oil bath at required temperature. After the specified time the flask was removed from the oil bath and water (20 mL) added, followed by extraction with ether (4 × 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 × 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. Solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in hexane and analyzed by GCMS. |
88% | With [Pd(2-((1-naphthalenyl)methylene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide)Cl(PPh3)]; caesium carbonate; In toluene; at 110℃; for 12h; | General procedure: Arylboronic acid (1 mmol), aromatic aldehyde (1.5 mmol), Cs2CO3 (3.0 mmol), catalyst (5.0 mol%) and toluene (3.0 ml) were taken in a round-bottom flask. The mixture was then heated under reflux for 12 h under aerobic conditions and monitored by TLC. At the end of the specified time, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with 1 N HCl (5 ml) and finally extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 5 ml). The combined extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was subjected to flash chromatography on a silica gel column to purify the desired ketone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer; In para-xylene; at 130℃; for 42h;Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: A Schlenk tube was charged with NaBPh4 (2a, 51.5 mg, 0.150 mmol) and [Rh(OH)(cod)]2 (1.4 mg, 3.1 mumol, 6 mol% Rh). The tube was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen, and then benzoyltrimethylsilane (1a, 17.9 mg, 0.100 mmol) and toluene (1.0 mL) were added via syringe through the septum. The mixture was heated at 90 C for 8 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of Florisil washing with hexane-AcOEt (5:1), and the filtrate was concentrated. Purification by preparative TLC on silica gel (hexane:AcOEt = 8:1) afforded the title compound (3aa, 17.6 mg, 0.069 mmol, 68%) as a pale yellow oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | With oxygen; copper diacetate; potassium carbonate; aniline; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 120℃;Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; | General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube was charged with a magnetic stir-bar, 1,2-diarylalkynes 1 (0.5mmol), aniline (0.6mmol), K2CO3 (0.5mmol), Cu(OAc)2 (0.075mmol), DMSO (3mL), The tube was sealed, and oxygen was purged through syringe. Reaction was stirred at 120C for 16-18h. After the reaction was finished, the reaction mixture was diluted in 30mL ethyl acetate, filtered on Celite pad. The organic portion was washed with a saturated solution of brine (8mL), saturated NH4Cl (8mL), a saturated solution of brine (8mL), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuum, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate) to afford the desired products 2. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | Stage #1: 2-bromoprop-1-ene With iodine; magnesium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 3-methyl benzophenone In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
45% | With copper(l) iodide; tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(l) chloride; potassium carbonate; In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; at 120℃; for 2h; | General procedure: A reaction vessel was charged with a mixture of a benzoic anhydride (or an aryl carboxylic anhydride) (0.30 mmol), potassium aryltrifluoroborate (or potassium phenyltrifluoroborate) (0.60 mmol), K2CO3 (0.60 mmol), CuI (0.30 mmol), RhCl(PPh3)3 (0.003 mmol, 1.0 mol %) and xylene (1.5 mL). The mixture was heated to 120 C and stirred for 2 h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was quenched with 5 mL of water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate. After removal of the solvent in vacuo, the product was isolated by column chromatography. Ethyl acetate/petroleum ether was used for elution and the yield was calculated based on the amount of aryl benzoic anhydride (the purified products were identified by NMR spectra). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With copper(l) iodide; tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(l) chloride; potassium carbonate; In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; at 120℃; for 2h; | General procedure: A reaction vessel was charged with a mixture of a benzoic anhydride (or an aryl carboxylic anhydride) (0.30 mmol), potassium aryltrifluoroborate (or potassium phenyltrifluoroborate) (0.60 mmol), K2CO3 (0.60 mmol), CuI (0.30 mmol), RhCl(PPh3)3 (0.003 mmol, 1.0 mol %) and xylene (1.5 mL). The mixture was heated to 120 C and stirred for 2 h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was quenched with 5 mL of water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate. After removal of the solvent in vacuo, the product was isolated by column chromatography. Ethyl acetate/petroleum ether was used for elution and the yield was calculated based on the amount of aryl benzoic anhydride (the purified products were identified by NMR spectra). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide; iron(II); In water; at 20℃;pH 2.0; | General procedure: For the Fenton degradation experiment, 10 mL of a Milli Q water sample acidified at pH 2 with 100 muL H2SO4 0.5 mol/L containing 200 ng of each studied anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen and ketoprofen) was placed into a 50 mL brown glass bottle. Immediately, 500 muL of Fe2+solution (1 mg/mL Fe2+) and 200 muL of H2O2 (30%) were added into the brown bottle which was kept under magnetic stirring and room temperature for different time intervals in order to perform the degradation process. Because the catalyst (Fe2+) and the oxidant (H2O2) are consumed very fast, these were refreshed at each 30 minutes in the same amounts as it was described previously. To study the Fenton oxidative process efficiency over the selected drugs, different experiments at 30, 60 and 120 minutes were performed. After each Fenton oxidative experiment, the degradation by-products of NAIDs were extracted with organic solvent and analyzed by GC×GC-qMS. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With potassium carbonate; nickel dibromide; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 2h; | General procedure: 4-Iodotoluene (1.0 mmol, 0.21 g) was added to a flask equipped with Ph3SnCl (0.4 mmol, 0.15 g), NiBr2 (16.0 mol%, 0.034 g), K2CO3 (3.0 mmol, 0.29 g), and Cr(CO)6 (1.0 mmol, 0.22 g) in DMF (3.0 mL) and the resulting mixture was heated in an oil bath at 100 C and stirred for 2.7 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then H2O (10 mL) was added and the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The aqueous phase was further washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and then filtered. Column chromatography of the obtained residue on silica gel (n-hexane/EtOAc=20:1) gave the desired ketone in 89% yield (0.11 g) (Table4, entry 2). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With potassium carbonate; nickel dibromide; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 2.3h; | General procedure: 4-Iodotoluene (1.0 mmol, 0.21 g) was added to a flask equipped with Ph3SnCl (0.4 mmol, 0.15 g), NiBr2 (16.0 mol%, 0.034 g), K2CO3 (3.0 mmol, 0.29 g), and Cr(CO)6 (1.0 mmol, 0.22 g) in DMF (3.0 mL) and the resulting mixture was heated in an oil bath at 100 C and stirred for 2.7h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then H2O (10 mL) was added and the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The aqueous phase was further washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and then filtered. Column chromatography of the obtained residue on silica gel (n-hexane/EtOAc=20:1) gave the desired ketone in 89% yield (0.11 g) (Table4, entry 2). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66% | With potassium carbonate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 3h; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | Was added 0.0136g (0.1mmol) p-toluic acid, 0.0450g (0.3mmol) of benzoyl formic acid in 10mL pressure reaction tube, 0.0033g (0.01mmol) palladium trifluoroacetate, 0.0689g (0.25mmol) silver carbonate , 0.0164g (0.2mmol) of anhydrous sodium acetate, ImL ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the reaction mixture was stirred under a sealed condition 150 deg.] C 28 hours, cooled to room temperature after completion of the reaction, was added 0.0159g (0.2mmol) CuO, 0.2mL N, N- dimethylformamide, stirred under confined conditions 150 28 hours the reaction, by column chromatography on silica gel catalyst was removed by filtration and the salts, by thin layer chromatography to give 3-methyl benzophenone, which The yield was 55%, and structural characterization data are as follows: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With potassium hexamethylsilazane; In toluene; at 20℃; for 0.25h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: A three necked RB flask (25 mL) with a dropping funnel, an air condenser and inlet and outlet tubes for dry N2 gas was cooled to -10 C with ice salt mixture. One of the benzophenones (2 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of DMF and transferred under nitrogen atmosphere. 1a, 1b or 2 (4 mmol) was dissolved in 1 mL of DMF and added. A very slow stream of nitrogen was maintained in the case of reactions with 1b. KHMDS (0.798 g, 4 mmol) dissolved in 2 mL of DMF was added drop wise over a 5 min period while the contents were kept stirred. Different colour change occurred in all cases (violet in case of benzophenone) in the beginning but got discharged slowly. After about 15 min, water (3 mL), dil. H2SO4 (1 mL) and ether (10 mL) were added in that sequence. The contents were stirred at -10 C for 5 min, brought to RT, the layers separated, water layer extracted with 2 x 10 mL of ether, all the organic layers combined, washed with dil. Sodium bicarbonate till it was faintly acidic to pH paper and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Upon evaporation of the solvent the crude mixture was chromatographed on silica gel using hexane-benzene. Isolated percentage yield of individual product isgiven in Table 1. 4.2. Reaction of benzophenones with 1a, 1b or 2 and KHMDS in THF or toluene The above procedure was followed except that THF or toluene replaced (in volume quantity) DMF. The reaction was done at RT using a water bath as heat sink. Reaction was quenched with dil. H2SO4 10 min after the base was added. Extraction procedure similar to the one adopted in Section 4.1 was followed. The crude product contained only excess of 1a or 1b which was removed by evacuation at 1 mm Hg for 30 min keeping the temperature of flask at 90 C (water bath). The products obtained were practically pure (>99% by GC). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With lanthanum; iodine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 25℃; for 3h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Lanthanum powder (1.5mmol, 208mg) was placed in a two-necked flask. The diaryl ketone (1.0mmol), iodine (0.3mmol, 76mg), electrophile (1.0 or 2.0 mmol), and THF (5mL) were added to the flask, and the mixture was stirred at 25C or 67C for 3h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, aqHCl (1M) was added to the reaction mixture, and the resulting solution was extracted with diisopropyl ether (five times). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel afforded the corresponding coupling products. Products (2-ethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1,2-butanediol (3a),19 1-(diphenylhydroxymethyl)cyclohexanol (3j),4b,19 1,1,2-triphenyl-1,2-propanediol (3k),19 2-methyl-1,1-diphenyl-1,2-butanediol (3m),19 2-hydroxy-1,2,2-triphenylethanone (5a),4b 1-hydroxy-1,1,3-triphenylpropan-2-one (5b),4b 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphenyloctan-2-one (5c),4b,20 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethanone (5d),21 2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenyl-1-(2-naphthyl)-1-ethanone (5e),22 and 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphenyl-2-propanone (5f)23) were characterized by comparison of their spectra data (1H and 13C NMR and IR) to those of authentic samples. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | With tri-tert-butyl phosphine; palladium diacetate; cesium fluoride; In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; at 140℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | General procedure: To a screw-capped vial in a glovebox, Pd(OAc)2 (0.020 mmol, 4.5 mg), PtBu3 (0.0800 mmol, 16.2 mg), CsF (1.400 mmol, 212.7 mg), and xylene (0.4 mL) were added in that order. The vial was then sealed and removed from the glovebox, an acyl chloride (0.4 mmol) and an aryltrifluorosilane (1.2 mmol) were successively added to the vial. The mixture was heated at 140 C for 24 h. After the reaction, the resultant mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel (2 g, eluent; EtOAc). After removal of the volatile materials by rotary evaporation, the filtrate was analyzed by GC (n-decane as a internal standard) or NMR (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane as a internal standard). The crude material was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent; hexane:EtOAc = 99:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | With tri-tert-butyl phosphine; palladium diacetate; cesium fluoride; In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; at 140℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | General procedure: To a screw-capped vial in a glovebox, Pd(OAc)2 (0.020 mmol, 4.5 mg), PtBu3 (0.0800 mmol, 16.2 mg), CsF (1.400 mmol, 212.7 mg), and xylene (0.4 mL) were added in that order. The vial was then sealed and removed from the glovebox, an acyl chloride (0.4 mmol) and an aryltrifluorosilane (1.2 mmol) were successively added to the vial. The mixture was heated at 140 C for 24 h. After the reaction, the resultant mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel (2 g, eluent; EtOAc). After removal of the volatile materials by rotary evaporation, the filtrate was analyzed by GC (n-decane as a internal standard) or NMR (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane as a internal standard). The crude material was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent; hexane:EtOAc = 99:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | With 1,3-bis[(diphenylphosphino)propane]dichloronickel(II); at 70 - 80℃; for 5.5h;Inert atmosphere; Ionic liquid; | General procedure: An oven dried RB flask equipped with magnetic stirrer bar was charged with the IL solvent (BMIM)BF4 or (BMIM)PF6 (5-7 mL), and NBSac (1 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at r.t. under nitrogen atmosphere for 15-20 minutes. The reaction mixture was then charged with the boronic acid (2 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2 or NiCl2(dppp) (5 mol%) and basic-IL [PAIM][NTf2] (2 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated gently under stirring at 70-80 C, while monitoring the progress of the reaction TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to r.t. and the products were extracted 4 times with hexane/ethyl acetate (80:20). The solvent was removed under vacuum and the crude product was chromatographed with hexane/ethyl acetate (70:30) mixture to afford pure compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With [Pd(2-((1-naphthalenyl)methylene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide)Cl(PPh3)]; caesium carbonate; In toluene; at 110℃; for 12h; | General procedure: Arylboronic acid (1 mmol), aromatic aldehyde (1.5 mmol), Cs2CO3 (3.0 mmol), catalyst (5.0 mol%) and toluene (3.0 ml) were taken in a round-bottom flask. The mixture was then heated under reflux for 12 h under aerobic conditions and monitored by TLC. At the end of the specified time, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with 1 N HCl (5 ml) and finally extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 5 ml). The combined extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was subjected to flash chromatography on a silica gel column to purify the desired ketone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | With copper(l) iodide; silver carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 120℃; for 15h; | General procedure: Thiolester (0.25 mmol), arylboronic acids (0.375 mmol), CuI (20 mol%, 10 mg), Ag2CO3 (5 mol%, 4 mg) and DMF (3 ml) were taken in a 25 ml round bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was heated at 120 C for 8-24 h. The reaction monitored using TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM (3x10 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting ketone was purified was purified using silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc and petroleum ether 60-80 C). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone; In water; chlorobenzene; at 130℃; for 2h; | In a reactor having a magneton, phenyl m-tolylmethanol acetate (formula (1-3), 0.48 g, 2 mmol) was added,DDQ (0.45 g, 2 mmol), H2O (0.29 g, 16 mmol) and chlorobenzene (8 ml)The reaction was stirred at 130 C,TLC monitoring,Reaction 2h,The reaction solution was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), the conversion was 100%The product selectivity was 99%.The reaction solution was evaporated under reduced pressure,Over silica gel column,A mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether in a volume ratio of 1: 200 was used as the eluent,The eluate containing the target compound was collected,The solvent was distilled off and dried to obtain 0.38 g of phenyl m-tolylmethanone,The separation yield of phenyl m-tolylmethanone was 97%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With sodium hydrogencarbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 120℃; under 760.051 Torr;Sealed tube; | General procedure: General procedure: a 50 mL ask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with aryboronic acid (1 mmol, 1 equiv), aromatic halides (1.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv), catalyst (2 mol%), base (2 mmol, 2 equiv), DMF (5 mL) solution under CO (1 atm) atmosphere, along with sealed the reaction flask by a rubber stopper and CO was injected into it with a stainless steel gas flowmeter. The mixture was then stirred at 120 C forthe indicated time (SI, Fig. S1). After being allowed to cool to roomtemperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with 5 mL water and extracted with diethyl ether (3 × 5 mL). The organic phases werecombined, and the volatile components were evaporated in a rotaryevaporator. The residue was puried by column chromatography onsilica gel. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(ll) dichloride; potassium carbonate; In tetrahydrofuran; at 65℃; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | General procedure: Under a N2 atmosphere, to a 10 mL dry flask were added amide (0.5 mmol), diarylborinic acid (1.0 mmol), (IPr)PdCl2(3-chloropydine) (1 mol%), K2CO3 (1.5mmol), and THF (4 mL). The mixture was stirred at 65C for a given time or monitored by TLC until the starting material was completely consumed. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (15 mL), followed by washing with H2O (2×10 mL).The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude product, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: dichloromethane / 0.17 h / 0 - 20 °C 2: 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate / 8 h / 35 °C / Irradiation |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With caesium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 5.2h; | General procedure for carbonylative Stille couplingof aryl iodides with Mo(CO)6 using MCNTs(at)(A-V)-silica-Pd catalyst General procedure: MCNTs(at)(A-V)-silica-Pd (1.5% mol%) was added to a mixtureof aryl iodide (1 mmol), Mo(CO)6 (1 mmol), Cs2CO3(1.5 mmol), Ph3SnCl(0.4 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) in a flask,and the reaction was stirred at 100 °C for an appropriatetime under atmospheric pressure. Then, the reaction wascooled down to room temperature followed by separation ofthe catalyst by an external magnet. The mixture was washedwith 10 mL water, and the crude product was isolated usingEtOAc (3 × 10 mL). The organic phases were combined anddried over Na2SO4,evaporated, and purified by column chromatographyon silica gel (n-hexane/EtOAc) to deliver thedesired ketone in high yields. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 74.8% 2: 12.4% | With potassium carbonate; triethylamine In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 6h; Irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 82.8% 2: 7.2% | With potassium carbonate; triethylamine In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 6h; Irradiation; |
Tags: 643-65-2 synthesis path| 643-65-2 SDS| 643-65-2 COA| 643-65-2 purity| 643-65-2 application| 643-65-2 NMR| 643-65-2 COA| 643-65-2 structure
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