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| Type | HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated) |
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| Limited Quantity | USD 15-60 |
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Structure of Allopurinol
CAS No.: 315-30-0
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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
Allopurinol is xanthine oxidase inhibitor with IC50 of 7.82 ± 0.12 μM. It is used to treat kidney stones and gout.
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Zhuang, Zehao ; Liu, Ao ; Zhang, Jinghong ; Han, Shuangjian ; Tang, Lu ; Yu, Tingting , et al.
Abstract: Background: Hyperuricemia is independently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, MI induces activation of the repair response in local fibroblasts, resulting in extracellular matrix accumulation that generates a stable fibrotic scar in the infarcted area. However, researchers have not determined whether hyperuricemia affects fibroblast activation and its involvement in postinfarction cardiac remodeling. Objectives: We aimed to trigger hyperuricemia by administering potassium oxonate in a mouse model of MI to evaluate the role of hyperuricemia in MI pathogenesis. Methods: Microarray datasets and single-cell sequencing data from gout patients, heart failure patients, and model mice were used to identify the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effect of hyperuricemia on MI progression. A hyperuricemia-related MI mouse model was established. Cardiac function was assessed, followed by sample collection and a uric acid assay. We conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological detection, immunofluorescence, sequencing data processing, single-cell RNA-seq, and functional enrichment analysis. We then isolated and cultured cardiac fibroblasts and performed Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and shRNA-mediated lumican knockdown assays. Results: Hyperuricemia decreased cardiac function, increased mortality, and aggravated adverse fibrosis remodeling in mice after MI. These outcomes were closely related to reduced levels of fibroblast-derived lumican. This reduction activated the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway to induce aberrant myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition in the infarcted area. Furthermore, lumican supplementation or uric acid-lowering therapy with allopurinol alleviated hyperuricemia-mediated abnormal cardiac remodeling. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia aggravates postinfarction cardiac remodeling by reducing lumican expression and promoting fibroblast phenotype transition. We highlight the clinical importance of lowering uric acid levels in hyperuricemia-related MI to prevent adverse ventricular remodeling.
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Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Hyperuricemia ; Lumican ; Fibroblasts ; Cardiac remodeling
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Parkins, Andrew ; Sandin, Suzanne I. ; Knittel, Jonathon ; Franz, Andreas H. ; Ren, Jianhua ; de Alba, Eva , et al.
Abstract: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key immunostimulatory protein with regulatory properties in several disorders, including inflammation and cancer. All the reported inhibitors that target the biol. activities of MIF have been discovered by testing against its keto/enol tautomerase activity. While the natural substrate is still unknown, model MIF substrates are used for kinetic experiments The most extensively used model substrate is 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate (4-HPP), a naturally occurring intermediate of tyrosine metabolism Here, we examine the impact of 4-HPP impurities in the precise and reproducible determination of MIF kinetic data. To provide unbiased evaluation, we utilized 4-HPP powders from five different manufacturers. Biochem. and biophys. analyses showed that the enzymic activity of MIF is highly influenced by underrepresented impurities found in 4-HPP. Besides providing inconsistent turnover results, the 4-HPP impurities also influence the accurate calculation of ISO-1's inhibition constant, an MIF inhibitor that is broadly used for in vitro and in vivo studies. The macromol. NMR data show that 4-HPP samples from different manufacturers result in differential chem. shift perturbations of amino acids in MIF's active site. Our MIF-based conclusions were independently evaluated and confirmed by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT); two addnl. enzymes that utilize 4-HPP as a substrate. Collectively, these results explain inconsistencies in previously reported inhibition values, highlight the effect of impurities on the accurate determination of kinetic parameters, and serve as a tool for designing error-free in vitro and in vivo experiments
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| CAS No. : | 315-30-0 |
| Formula : | C5H4N4O |
| M.W : | 136.11 |
| SMILES Code : | O=C1C2=C(NN=C2)N=CN1 |
| MDL No. : | MFCD00599413 |
| InChI Key : | OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Pubchem ID : | 135401907 |
| GHS Pictogram: |
|
| Signal Word: | Danger |
| Hazard Statements: | H301-H317 |
| Precautionary Statements: | P501-P261-P272-P270-P264-P280-P302+P352-P362+P364-P333+P313-P301+P310+P330-P405 |
| Class: | 6.1 |
| UN#: | 2811 |
| Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
In Vitro:
| Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References |
| T cells | 300 μg/mL | 18-20 hours | To assess the effect of allopurinol on T cell activation and cytokine production. Results showed allopurinol significantly reduced IFN-γ and IL-2 production. | Front Immunol. 2012 Sep 21;3:295. |
| T84 intestinal epithelial cells | 100 µM, 300 µM | 24 hours | To assess the effects of allopurinol riboside (a metabolite of allopurinol) on energy metabolism. Results showed that 100 µM allopurinol riboside decreased creatine by 10.4% and ATP by 7%, while the 300 µM dose decreased creatine by 26%, ATP by 19.3%, and phosphocreatine by 16%. | Cells. 2024 Feb 21;13(5):373. |
| HepaRG cells | 0.5 µM to 4 mM | 24, 48 or 72 hours | To evaluate the effect of allopurinol on thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity. Results showed a time- and dose-related cytotoxic effect with AZA in all hepatoma cells, whereas HepaRG cells were more sensitive to 6-MP and TG. Addition of a non-toxic dose of allopurinol resulted in a twofold to threefold increased cytotoxicity of all thiopurines, which seemed to be mediated by apoptosis/DNA damage. | Cell Biol Toxicol. 2015 Jun;31(3):161-71. |
| HepG2 cells | 0.5 µM to 4 mM | 24, 48 or 72 hours | To evaluate the effect of allopurinol on thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity. Results showed a time- and dose-related cytotoxic effect with AZA in all hepatoma cells, whereas Huh7 and HepG2 cells did not show toxicity to 6-MP. | Cell Biol Toxicol. 2015 Jun;31(3):161-71. |
| Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) | 25-300 μg/mL | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of allopurinol on cell viability and surface marker expression. Results showed allopurinol did not affect cell viability or the expression of CD4, CD8, and CD14. | Front Immunol. 2012 Sep 21;3:295. |
| H9C2 cardiomyocytes | 100 µM | 48 hours | Allopurinol increased Nrf2 and reduced the hyperglycaemia-induced increases of H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy, and enhanced cellular viability. Nrf2 gene silence cancelled these protective effects of ALP in H9C2 cells. | J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Jan;24(2):1760-1773. |
| T84 intestinal epithelial cells | 10 µM, 100 µM, 1 mM | 24 hours | To assess the influence of allopurinol on energy metabolism, results showed a dose-dependent decrease in ATP levels, with an 18.2% decrease at 1 mM. | Cells. 2024 Feb 21;13(5):373 |
In Vivo:
| Administration | Dosage | Frequency | Description | References |
| C57BL/6 mice | DSS-induced experimental colitis | Drinking water | 10 mg/kg | Daily administration for 7 days | To evaluate the effects of allopurinol on experimental colitis. Results showed that the allopurinol-treated group exhibited a 38% increase in crypt damage and a 62% increase in overall tissue involvement during the recovery phase, indicating more severe tissue damage. Additionally, the allopurinol-treated group showed a 62.5% decrease in AMPK activity and a 56.8% decrease in Ki67 expression, suggesting impaired epithelial proliferation and wound healing. | Cells. 2024 Feb 21;13(5):373. |
| C57BL/6J mice | Hyperuricemic Mice model | Oral gavage | 10 mg/kg | Daily for four weeks | Allopurinol treatment significantly reduced serum uric acid levels and improved cardiac function in hyperuricemic mice. | Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;16(3):361 |
| Sprague-Dawley rats | Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rat model | Oral administration in drinking water | 100 mg/kg | Once daily for 4 weeks | Allopurinol improved cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by activating the Nrf2/p62 signaling pathway, reducing oxidative stress and excessive autophagy. | J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Jan;24(2):1760-1773. |
| C57BL/6J mice | Hyperuricemia model | Oral administration in drinking water | 120 mg/L | 30 consecutive days | To investigate the effect of allopurinol on UA-induced liver injury and mitochondrial dysfunction; results showed allopurinol significantly reduced serum UA and ALT levels, improving mitochondrial function | MedComm (2020). 2023 Jul 26;4(4):e336 |
| Rat | Isolated perfused liver model | Intraperitoneal injection | 20 mg/kg | Single dose, 3 hours before perfusion | To investigate the inhibitory effect of allopurinol on hydrocortisone-induced increase in kynurenine. Results showed that allopurinol completely abolished the hydrocortisone-induced rise of kynurenine in the 0.1 mmol/l tryptophan medium but not in the 1.0 mmol/l tryptophan medium. | Br J Pharmacol. 1976 May;57(1):103-14 |
| C57BL6/J male mice | Western diet-induced obesity model | Drinking water | 125 mg/L | 16 weeks | To investigate the effects of uric acid on vascular stiffness, inflammatory responses, and proteinuria in a Western diet-induced obesity model. Results showed that allopurinol inhibited XO activity, reduced plasma uric acid levels, vascular oxidative stress, vascular stiffness, and proteinuria. | Metabolism. 2017 Sep;74:32-40 |
Clinical Trial:
| NCT Number | Conditions | Phases | Recruitment | Completion Date | Locations |
| NCT03776656 | Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficie... More >>ncy Less << | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | 2022-06-17 | LA PITIE-SALPETRIERE Hospital,... More >> AP-HP, Paris, 75013, France|Department of Pediatry. Reference centre of Hereditary diseases of the metabolism of child and adult. Necker - Enfants malades Hospital, Paris, 75015, France Less << |
| NCT02046694 | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (... More >>ALL) Less << | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | 2020-04-06 | Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltim... More >>ore, Maryland, 21287, United States|Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States|Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States Less << |
| NCT02371421 | Hyperuricemia, Gout | COMPLETED | 2025-12-16 | University of Minnesota, Minne... More >>apolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States Less << | |
| NCT05601271 | Chronic Kidney Diseases|Osteod... More >>ystrophy|Uric Acid Concentration, Serum, Quantitative Trait Locus 7 Less << | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | 2024-04-30 | Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP,... More >> S?o Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil Less << | |
| NCT02992652 | Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangi... More >>opancreatography Less << | COMPLETED | 2025-12-14 | - | |
| NCT00346463 | Fetal Growth Retardation | UNKNOWN | 2025-07-13 | Wilhelmina Children's Hospital... More >> / UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 AB, Netherlands Less << | |
| NCT03385135 | Diabetes Mellitus|Coronary Art... More >>ery Disease Less << | UNKNOWN | 2025-06-18 | Cardiology Department, Abderra... More >>hmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, 2008, Tunisia Less << | |
| NCT01391325 | Gout | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 2025-03-13 | Birmingham, Alabama, 35242, Un... More >>ited States|Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States|Bringham, Alabama, 35216, United States|Calera, Alabama, 35040, United States|Huntsville, Alabama, 35801, United States|Mobile, Alabama, 36608, United States|Chandlers, Arizona, 85224, United States|Green Valley, Arizona, 85614, United States|Jonesboro, Arizona, 72401, United States|Phoenix, Arizona, 85028, United States|Phoenix, Arizona, 85050, United States|Tucson, Arizona, 85704, United States|Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, United States|Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, United States|Anaheim, California, 92805, United States|Carmichael, California, 95608, United States|Covina, California, 91723, United States|Hemet, California, 92543, United States|Irvine, California, 92618, United States|Los Angeles, California, 90048, United States|Mission Viejo, California, 92691, United States|Pasadena, California, 91107, United States|Sacramento, California, 95816, United States|San Diego, California, 92108, United States|San Ramon, California, 94583, United States|Santa Maria, California, 93454, United States|Weslake Village, California, 91361, United States|Denver, Colorado, 80220, United States|Englewood, Colorado, 80113, United States|Danbury, Connecticut, 06810, United States|Trumbull, Connecticut, 06611, United States|Brandenton, Florida, 34208, United States|Brandon, Florida, 33511, United States|Brooksville, Florida, 34601, United States|East Brandenton, Florida, 34208, United States|Fleming Island, Florida, 32003, United States|Jacksonville, Florida, 32205, United States|Jacksonville, Florida, 32216, United States|Jupiter, Florida, 33458, United States|Miami, Florida, 33135, United States|Oldsmar, Florida, 34677, United States|Orlando, Florida, 32804, United States|Ormond Beach, Florida, 32174, United States|Plant City, Florida, 33563, United States|Port Orange, Florida, 32127, United States|Sanford, Florida, 32771, United States|St. Petersburg, Florida, 33709, United States|Tampa, Florida, 33606, United States|Vero Beach, Florida, 32960, United States|Winter Haven, Florida, 33880, United States|Zephyrhills, Florida, 33542, United States|Atlanta, Georgia, 30308, United States|Newnan, Georgia, 30265, United States|Honolulu, Hawaii, 96814, United States|Meridian, Idaho, 83646, United States|Addison, Illinois, 60101, United States|Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States|Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States|Gurnee, Illinois, 60031, United States|Evansville, Indiana, 47713, United States|Elizabethtown, Kentucky, 42701, United States|Lexington, Kentucky, 40504, United States|Louisville, Kentucky, 40213, United States|Monroe, Louisiana, 71203, United States|Cumberland, Maryland, 21502, United States|Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States|Hagerstown, Maryland, 21740, United States|Wheaton, Maryland, 20902, United States|Hyannis, Massachusetts, 02601, United States|Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States|South Traverse City, Michigan, 49684, United States|Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States|Olive Branch, Mississippi, 38654, United States|Florissant, Missouri, 63031, United States|Kansas City, Missouri, 64114, United States|Saint Louis, Missouri, 63117, United States|St. Louis, Missouri, 63128, United States|Omaha, Nebraska, 68114, United States|Las Vegas, Nevada, 89119, United States|Reno, Nevada, 89502, United States|Nashua, New Hampshire, 03060, United States|Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87102, United States|Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106, United States|Albany, New York, 12206, United States|Endwell, New York, 13760, United States|Hartsdale, New York, 10530, United States|Charlotte, North Carolina, 28210, United States|Harrisburg, North Carolina, 28075, United States|Hickory, North Carolina, 28602, United States|Raleigh, North Carolina, 27609, United States|Raleigh, North Carolina, 27612, United States|Wilmington, North Carolina, 28401, United States|Fargo, North Dakota, 58103, United States|Cincinnati, Ohio, 45224, United States|Cincinnati, Ohio, 45242, United States|Cleveland, Ohio, 44122, United States|Columbus, Ohio, 43203, United States|Dayton, Ohio, 45417, United States|Middleburg Heights, Ohio, 44130, United States|Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73103, United States|Eugene, Oregon, 97402, United States|Portland, Oregon, 97220, United States|Altoona, Pennsylvania, 16602, United States|Duncansville, Pennsylvania, 16635, United States|Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 17601, United States|Charleston, South Carolina, 29407, United States|Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, 29464, United States|Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29303, United States|Jackson, Tennessee, 38305, United States|Spring Hill, Tennessee, 37174, United States|Dallas, Texas, 75216, United States|Dallas, Texas, 75235, United States|Houston, Texas, 77074, United States|Houston, Texas, 77088, United States|Irving, Texas, 75061, United States|Mesquite, Texas, 75150, United States|San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States|Sugar Land, Texas, 77479, United States|Bountiful, Utah, 84010, United States|West Jordan, Utah, 84088, United States|Arlington, Virginia, 22205, United States|Richmond, Virginia, 23294, United States|Port Orchard, Washington, 98366, United States|Seattle, Washington, 98122, United States|Spokane, Washington, 99208, United States|Tacoma, Washington, 98405, United States|Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States|Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia|Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia|Birsbane, Queensland, 4152, Australia|Daw Park, South Australia, 5041, Australia|Woodville South, South Australia, 5011, Australia|Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia|Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia|Heidelberg, Victoria, 3081, Australia|North Ballarat, Victoria, 3353, Australia|Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia|Malvern East, VIC3145, Australia|Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium|Gozee, 6534, Belgium|Kortrijk, 8500, Belgium|Mouscron, 7700, Belgium|Yvoir, 5530, Belgium|Coquitlam, British Columbia, V3K 3P4, Canada|Kelowna, British Columbia, V1Y 3G8, Canada|Penticton, British Columbia, V2A 5C8, Canada|Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 1L2, Canada|Thornhill, Ontario, L4J 1W3, Canada|Toronto, Ontario, M9W 4L6, Canada|Quebec, G1V 3M7, Canada|Altenburg, 04600, Germany|Dresden, 01307, Germany|Eichstatt, 85072, Germany|Christchurch, Canterbury, 8024, New Zealand|Auckland, 1010, New Zealand|Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand|Papatoetoe, 2525, New Zealand|Rotorua, 3010, New Zealand|Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand|Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa|Durban, 4037, South Africa|Durban, 4067, South Africa|Durban, 4092, South Africa|East London, 5201, South Africa|Johannesburg, 1724, South Africa|Johannesburg, 2113, South Africa|Paarl, 7646, South Africa|Pretoria, 0084, South Africa|Pretoria, 2000, South Africa|Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa|Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa|Thabazimbi, 0380, South Africa|Worcester, 6850, South Africa Less << |
| NCT03506919 | Treatment of Arthritis | PHASE1|PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | 2018-06-30 | clinical trial was conducted i... More >>n Bahawalpur, and Rawalpindi, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 062, Pakistan Less << |
| NCT00864825 | Schizophrenia|Schizoaffective ... More >>Disorder Less << | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 2025-01-10 | Abrabanel Mental Health Center... More >>, Bat Yam, 59436, Israel|Beer-Yaakov Mental Health Center, Beer-Yaakov, 70350, Israel|Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel|Jaffa Mental House Center, Jaffa, 66849, Israel|Herzog Medical Center, Psychiatry, Jerusalem, 91351, Israel|Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center, Jerusalem, Israel|Nes Ziona Mental Health Center, Nes Ziona, Israel|Shaar Menashe Mental Health Center, Shaar Menashe, 38814, Israel|Sheba Medical Center, Psychiatry Department, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel|Lev Hasharon Mental Health Center, Zur-Moshe, Israel|Spitalul Clinic de Urgenta Clinica "E. Pamfil" Timisoara, Bd. Iosif Bulbuca, 156, jud timis, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 14, Berceni st., 10-12, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, Clinica 9, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 10, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 12, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 13, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 1, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 3, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie, sectia 6, Berceni st., 10-12, sector 4, Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul Clinic, sectia 8, Berceni st., sector 4 Bucharest, 041902, Romania|Spitalul de Psihiatrie, Titan, Bld Nicolae Grigorescu, no. 41, Sector 3,, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Urgenta Militar Sectia Psihiatrie Clinica, Bucuresti, Mircea Vulcanescu 88, Str. Vulcanescu, Nr. 88, Romania|Spitalul de Neuropsihiatrie Oradea, Cuza Voda st, 36, Oradea, 410097, Romania|Clinica de Psihiatrie nr.1, Gh. Marinescu st.38 ,Targu-Mures, 540139, Romania|Spitalul Clinic Judetean De Urgenta, Clinica Psihiatrie, Octavian Goga st, 17, Arad, 310022, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie "Socola", Sos Bucium, 36, Iasi, 700282, Romania|Spitalul Clinic Colentina Cabinet Psihiatrie Ambulatoriu, Sos. Stefan Cel Mare Nr. 19-21, sect. 2, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie "Ghe. Preda", Str. Bagdazar 12, Sibiu, 550245, Romania|Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta -Cluj, Str. Clinicilor nr. 3-5, 3400, Romania|Spitalul de Psihiatrie Botosani, Str. I.C.Bratianu Nr. 116, Botosani, Romania|Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie si Neurologie, Str. Prundului 7 - 9, Brasov, 500123, Romania|Spitalul Clinic Judetean, Sectia Clinica Psihiatrie, Str. Victor Babes, nr. 43, Cluj Napoca, 400012, Romania|Spitalul de Psihiatrie si Neurologie, Str.Mihai Eminescu, Nr.18, Brasov, 500079, Romania Less << |
| NCT02477488 | Gout|Renal Insufficiency | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 2025-08-15 | Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital,... More >> Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada Less << |
| NCT03700645 | Diabetes Mellitus|Ischemic Hea... More >>rt Disease|Multi Vessel Coronary Artery Disease Less << | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | 2020-01-31 | - |
| NCT03601260 | Gout | UNKNOWN | 2025-12-18 | Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, H... More >>adera, 38100, Israel Less << | |
| NCT00214084 | Obstructive Sleep Apnea | WITHDRAWN | - | University of Wisconsin, Madis... More >>on, Wisconsin, 53792, United States Less << | |
| NCT05888233 | Heart Failure Preserved Ejecti... More >>on Fraction|Resistant Hypertension Less << | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | 2026-05-31 | Birmingham VA Medical Center, ... More >>Birmingham, AL, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233-1927, United States Less << |
| NCT00732251 | Bipolar Disorder|Mania|Mixed M... More >>ania Less << | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | 2025-01-12 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, L... More >>os Angeles, California, 90048, United States Less << |
| NCT03865407 | Hyperuricemia|Chronic Kidney D... More >>iseases Less << | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | 2020-10-07 | Virginia Commonwealth Universi... More >>ty, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States Less << |
| Bio Calculators | ||||
| Preparing Stock Solutions | ![]() |
1mg | 5mg | 10mg |
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1 mM 5 mM 10 mM |
7.35mL 1.47mL 0.73mL |
36.73mL 7.35mL 3.67mL |
73.47mL 14.69mL 7.35mL |
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| Dissolving Methods |
Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn:
in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
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