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Chemical Structure| 3317-61-1 Chemical Structure| 3317-61-1
Chemical Structure| 3317-61-1

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DMPO is a cell-permeable hydrophilic spin trap used for detecting superoxide, widely used in research on oxidative stress and free radical-related biological issues.

Synonyms: 5,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrroline-N-Oxide

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Oliveira, Cinthia C ; Heitmann, Ana Pacheli ; Fontana, Marina ; Chagas, Poliane ; Sangiorge, Daniel ; Breder, Samuel M , et al.

Abstract: Among the daunting challenges to the sustainability of the agricultural sector is the development of environmentally sound technologies driving food security and higher yields together with an integrated “One Health” approach. This work explores a new niobium molecule, PNB53, as a potent antifungal agent with potential benefits for agricultural productivity and low environmental impact. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate the efficiency of PNB53 in controlling target and nontarget fungi by the production of reactive oxygen species. Greenhouse and field experiments on soybean crops were conducted to check for antifungal activity and effects on productivity, in comparison with commercial fungicides. The results showed that PNB53 presented a significant decrease in the damage caused by Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in soybean crop, with 61% efficacy, and performed better against Corynespora cassiicola (42.4%) than the commercial fungicides (39.4%). The biological control nontarget fungus Trichoderma harzianum was not affected by doses higher than the field dose in vitro. The productivities in the field were 4531, 4465, and 3446 kg ha−1, respectively, for PNB53, the commercial fungicide, and the untreated check. Thus, 140 g ha−1 of PNB53 promoted a yield increase of 18.1 bags per hectare over the control plots, indicating a positive physiological effect on crops. In view of the growing demand for food supplies commensurate with population growth, niobium-based compounds can offer a great contribution to food security and become a potential alternative for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords: agriculture ; decarbonization ; food security ; productivity ; Phakopsora pachyrhizi ; Corynespora cassiicola ; soybean

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Wanessa L. Oliveira ; Marcos A. R. da Silva ; Gabriel Ali Atta Diab ; José Balena ; Vitor G. S. Pastana ; Luana L. B. Silva , et al.

Abstract: Carbon nitrides have emerged as promising supports for catalytically active metals in various chemical reactions. Among these, the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol stands out as particularly challenging within the chemical industry due to its traditionally low yields and complex reaction pathways. In our current investigation, we have focused on the synthesis of ionic carbon nitride fragments via a straightforward alkaline hydrolysis method. These fragments demonstrate a remarkable ability to stabilize iron cations within the carbon nitride structure (Frag-Fe), resulting in a highly efficient photocatalyst for benzene oxidation. Employing hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant in a single-step reaction, we achieved an impressive 47% yield of phenol using Frag-Fe at 12 hours, with negligible production of CO2 as a byproduct. This compelling outcome underscores the effectiveness of our alkaline synthesis approach in generating carbon nitride-based photocatalysts with exceptional activity for C-H oxidation reactions. Our findings not only contribute to the advancement of carbon nitride-based catalysis, but also hold significant promise for the development of more sustainable and efficient chemical processes in the future.

Keywords: polymeric g-C3N4 ; Photocatalysis ; Cyamelurate ; Selective Oxidation ; Benzene Oxidation

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Mathison, Ricardo ; Atwi, Rasha ; McConnell, Hannah B ; Ochoa, Emilio ; Rani, Elina ; Akashige, Toshihiro , et al.

Abstract: Electrosynthesis at an industrial scale offers an opportunity to use renewable electricity in chemical manufacturing, accelerating the decarbonization of large-scale chemical processes. Organic electrosynthesis can improve product selectivity, reduce reaction steps, and minimize waste byproducts. Electrochemical synthesis of adiponitrile (ADN) via hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile (AN) is a prominent example of industrial organic electrochemical processes. It circumvents the drawbacks of thermochemical synthesis by reducing toxicity and leveraging clean electricity as an energy source. Despite its industrial importance, mechanistic understanding and experimental insights on the near-electrode molecular processes of AN electrohydrodimerization remain insufficient. Here we show, using in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, that tetraalkylammonium ions populate the electrical double layer (EDL), creating a microenvironment that favors interactions with organic molecules and enhances AN concentration while expelling water molecules. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting long-standing mechanistic hypotheses. Kinetic isotope effect studies reveal that propionitrile (PN) formation is rate-limited by proton transfer, while ADN formation likely is not. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the presence of free radicals during AN electroreduction, suggesting that coupling of PN radicals occurs primarily in the electrolyte. These insights highlight the importance of carefully controlling the EDL composition for selective organic electrosynthesis and provide fundamental engineering guidance for designing high-performing electro-organic reactions. We anticipate these findings will guide the optimization of electrolyte formulations and electrode interfaces for ADN synthesis and other emerging electro-organic processes.

Keywords: organic electrosynthesis ; mechanistic insights ; interfacial environments ; adiponitrile electrosynthesis ; sustainability

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Ferrara, Elisa ;

Abstract: The excursion into biological iron-sulfur cluster assembly began at the close of the 20th century, and has continued to develop in the last twenty years. Currently, it is known that [2Fe-2S] clusters are assembled through the work of a cysteine desulfurase, which liberates sulfur from cysteine that is subsequently transferred to a scaffold protein housing iron, where electrons are then transferred to complete the [2Fe-2S] cluster. This system has been researched at length and tremendous progress has been made to uncover finer details of this process. However, gaps in knowledge still remain, primarily concerning the source of electrons and the mechanism by which they are donated to complete cluster assembly. A small [2Fe-2S] redox protein, ferredoxin, has been postulated to be the biological reductant, but evidence that conclusively establishes its behavior in this role is minimal. In spite of this, it has oft been cited as the definitive reductant for this process. To address this dearth in the field, spectroscopic techniques were employed in the E.coli model to assess the behavior of this ferredoxin (Fdx). UV-Visible spectroscopic assays reveal that the mechanism of electron donation from Fdx touted in the field is not catalytically competent for iron-sulfur cluster assembly, as a previously unexplored lag phase in redox activity was uncovered. With further excursions incorporating circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fdx is affirmed to serve as a physiological reductant. The results obtained challenge previously proposed facets of its behavior and shed light on its activity within in vitro settings, while also exploring the possibility of a secondary reductant at play in the cellular antioxidant glutathione.

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Product Details of DMPO

CAS No. :3317-61-1
Formula : C6H11NO
M.W : 113.16
SMILES Code : CC1(C)CCC=[N+]1[O-]
Synonyms :
5,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrroline-N-Oxide
MDL No. :MFCD00005279
InChI Key :VCUVETGKTILCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :1774

Safety of DMPO

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Application In Synthesis of DMPO

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 3317-61-1 ]

[ 3317-61-1 ] Synthesis Path-Downstream   1~3

  • 1
  • [ 3317-61-1 ]
  • [ 63089-50-9 ]
  • [ 40314-06-5 ]
  • 2
  • [ 3317-61-1 ]
  • [ 1835-65-0 ]
  • [ 1093230-34-2 ]
  • 3
  • [ 3317-61-1 ]
  • [ 1835-65-0 ]
  • [ 1093230-35-3 ]
 

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