 
                                
                                 
                                
                                
                                    Structure of Oleic acid
                                    
                                    
CAS No.: 112-80-1
                                    
                                
 
                                 
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                            The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is also used as an activator of Na+/K+ ATPase.
Synonyms: 9-cis-Octadecenoic acid; 9Z-Octadecenoic acid; D 100
 
                
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General Approach for Automated Purification of Quantum Dots Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Xu, Jeff ; Huang, Conan ; Keating, Logan ; Duan, Yunpei ; Shim, Moonsub ; Kenis, Paul JA
Abstract: Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are a class of materials with size and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties that show potential for a range of applications. Discovery of new QDs with interesting properties and optimization of their synthesis require a rapid, generalizable, and scalable purification method to separate QDs from reaction mixtures. This paper describes a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based approach that enables rapid, efficient separation of QDs from crude QD reaction mixtures. Using commercially available C-18 capped silica columns and off-the-shelf components, we report an automated liquid-chromatography platform with integrated optical characterization (UV-Vis) for in-line optical characterization. This platform was used to investigate the effects of column operating parameters on QD separation performance and was further validated using six crude QD samples of different sizes, shapes, and compositions. Ligand coverage of the purified QD fractions can be tuned by controlling column parameters, with higher temperatures and residence times leading to ligand shedding of QDs. NMR analysis of purified QDs showed reduced solvent and ligand impurities when compared to samples purified using precipitation-redissolution method. This SEC method provides a rapid (< 2 mins) approach for one-step purification of crude QDs on analytical or preparative scales and can be seamlessly integrated into existing QD or other nanocrystal research workflows.
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                        | CAS No. : | 112-80-1 | 
| Formula : | C18H34O2 | 
| M.W : | 282.46 | 
| SMILES Code : | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O | 
| Synonyms : | 
                                9-cis-Octadecenoic acid; 9Z-Octadecenoic acid; D 100
                             | 
| MDL No. : | MFCD00064242 | 
| InChI Key : | ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N | 
| Pubchem ID : | 445639 | 
| GHS Pictogram: |   | 
| Signal Word: | Warning | 
| Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | 
| Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | 
In Vitro:
| Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References | 
| HepG2 cells | 300 mM | 24 hours | To investigate the effect of apelin/APLNR on hepatic lipid accumulation. Results showed that apelin/APLNR did not directly affect lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. | Int J Med Sci. 2025 Jan 1;22(1):197-208. | 
| L02 cells | 400 µM | 2 and 5 days | To evaluate the cytotoxicity and lipid droplet accumulation effects of OA on L02 cells. Results showed that OA had no significant cytotoxicity in 2 days but slight cytotoxicity at 400 µM in 5 days. Lipid droplet accumulation increased in a time-dependent manner within 5 days. | Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 7;25(10):5086. | 
| HepG2 cells | 400 µM | 2 and 5 days | To evaluate the cytotoxicity and lipid droplet accumulation effects of OA on HepG2 cells. Results showed that OA had no significant cytotoxicity in 2 days but slight cytotoxicity at 400 µM in 5 days. Lipid droplet accumulation increased in a time-dependent manner within 5 days. | Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 7;25(10):5086. | 
| H1299 | 20 nM | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of OA on radioresistant cells, OA pretreatment significantly reduced radiation-induced lipid ROS and iron accumulation, increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, and protected cells from radiation-induced ferroptosis. | Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 18;16(1):184 | 
| A549 | 20 nM | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of OA on radioresistant cells, OA pretreatment significantly reduced radiation-induced lipid ROS and iron accumulation, increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, and protected cells from radiation-induced ferroptosis. | Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 18;16(1):184 | 
| CMT93 | 20 nM | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of OA on radioresistant cells, OA pretreatment significantly reduced radiation-induced lipid ROS and iron accumulation, increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, and protected cells from radiation-induced ferroptosis. | Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 18;16(1):184 | 
| SW837 | 20 nM | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of OA on radioresistant cells, OA pretreatment significantly reduced radiation-induced lipid ROS and iron accumulation, increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, and protected cells from radiation-induced ferroptosis. | Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 18;16(1):184 | 
| DRG neurons | 5 μM | 5 min | Inhibited capsaicin-activated currents by 86.6±4% | Nat Commun. 2016 Oct 10;7:13092. | 
| HEK293 cells | 5 μM | 5 min | Inhibited thermally activated TRPV1 currents by 72±8% | Nat Commun. 2016 Oct 10;7:13092. | 
| AML12 cells | 400 μM | 18 hours | AGPAT2 deficiency led to the formation of giant LDs | Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 25;12(1):6877. | 
| LY2 cells | 100 μmol/L | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of oleic acid and fenofibrate on LY2 cell viability, results showed increased intrinsic cancer cell toxicity upon treatment with FF or OA. | Clin Cancer Res. 2024 May 1;30(9):1916-1933. | 
| MOC2 cells | 100 μmol/L | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of oleic acid and fenofibrate on MOC2 cell viability, results showed increased intrinsic cancer cell toxicity upon treatment with FF or OA. | Clin Cancer Res. 2024 May 1;30(9):1916-1933. | 
| Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) | 2.5 μmol/L | 10 minutes | To evaluate the effect of OA-NO2 on Ang II-induced IP3 production and calcium mobilization, results showed OA-NO2 inhibits Ang II-induced IP3 production and calcium mobilization | Circ Res. 2010 Aug 20;107(4):540-8. | 
| HEK293 cells | 5 μmol/L | 3 hours | To detect covalent binding of OA-NO2 to AT1R, results showed OA-NO2 forms covalent adducts with AT1R | Circ Res. 2010 Aug 20;107(4):540-8. | 
| Human Dermal Micovasvular Endothelial Cells (HDMEC) | 1mM | Overnight | HDMEC were cultured on transwell inserts to form compact monolayers. OA loading induced LD formation. In the experiment, LD-rich HDMEC were co-cultured with differentiated C2C12 myotubes, and free fatty acid release was detected. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| EA.hy 926 cells | 1mM | Overnight | In EA.hy 926 cells, RT-qPCR analysis showed that only PLN2 and PLN3 among the 5 known perilipins (PLN) were expressed. Subcellular fractionation revealed that LD fractions were enriched with PLN2, PLN3, and lipolytic enzymes including ATGL and its co-activator CGI-58. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| Mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) | 1mM | 24 hours | OA-induced LD formation in MLEC was time- and dose-dependent, reaching maximum cellular TG content (285.86±41.05 nmol TG/mg protein) after 24 hours. OA supplementation increased mRNA levels of TG synthetic enzymes including GPAT4, AGPAT2, Lipin2, DGAT1, and DGAT2. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| Mouse melanoma cells | 500 μM | 12 hours | Oleic acid protected melanoma cells from Erastin-induced ferroptosis | Nature. 2020 Sep;585(7823):113-118. | 
| Human melanoma cells | 500 μM | 12 hours | Oleic acid protected melanoma cells from Erastin-induced ferroptosis | Nature. 2020 Sep;585(7823):113-118. | 
| Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HDMEC) | 1mM | Overnight | To study lipid droplet formation and fatty acid release, results showed that OA treatment induced lipid droplet formation and fatty acid release was affected by inhibition of ATGL and HSL. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| EA.hy 926 cells | 1mM | Overnight | To study the expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins, results showed that PLN2 and PLN3 were expressed in EA.hy 926 cells and enriched in the lipid droplet fraction. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| Mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) | 1mM | 24 hours | To study oleic acid-induced lipid droplet formation and its time-dependence, results showed that cellular triglyceride content reached maximum after 24 hours of OA treatment. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| Primary hepatocytes | 2 mM | 8 hours | To evaluate OA-induced lipid accumulation and the alleviating effect of metformin. Results showed that OA significantly increased intracellular lipid accumulation, while metformin pretreatment significantly attenuated OA-induced lipid accumulation. | Autophagy. 2015;11(1):46-59. | 
| HepG2 cells | 1 mM | 8 hours | To evaluate OA-induced lipid accumulation and the alleviating effect of metformin. Results showed that OA significantly increased intracellular lipid accumulation, while metformin pretreatment significantly attenuated OA-induced lipid accumulation. | Autophagy. 2015;11(1):46-59. | 
In Vivo:
| Administration | Dosage | Frequency | Description | References | 
| C57Bl/6 mice | Acute lung injury model | Intravenous injection | 0.15 µl/g | Single dose, observed for 24 hours | Oleic acid caused severe alveolar damage with the development of alveolar edema of the increased-permeability type with associated abnormalities in gas exchange. When given together with endotoxin, they acted synergistically to increase pulmonary edema and to worsen gas exchange and hemodynamics, thereby increasing mortality. | Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Aug 1;172(3):344-51 | 
| C57BL/6 mice | Fasted mice gavaged with olive oil | Oral gavage | 10mL/kg | Single gavage, observation time points included 90 mins, 180 mins, and 270 mins | To study the dynamics of oleic acid-induced lipid droplet formation and degradation, results showed that plasma triglyceride levels peaked at 90 mins post-gavage, lipid droplets were prominent in aortic endothelial cells at 180 mins, and degraded by 270 mins. | Circ Res. 2017 Apr 14;120(8):1289-1297. | 
| Mice | Pain and itch models | Plantar injection | 3.1 μg/10 μl | Single injection, observed for 10 min | Significantly reduced pain responses induced by capsaicin and LPA | Nat Commun. 2016 Oct 10;7:13092. | 
| Mice | Ang II-induced hypertension model | Subcutaneous implantation of osmotic mini-pumps | 5 mg/kg/day | 14 days | To evaluate the effect of OA-NO2 on Ang II-induced hypertension, results showed OA-NO2 significantly reduces Ang II-induced hypertension | Circ Res. 2010 Aug 20;107(4):540-8. | 
| NSG mice | Patient-derived melanomas | Intravenous injection | 500 μM | Single injection, observed for 1-3 months | Pre-treatment with oleic acid significantly increased the metastatic potential of melanoma cells in the blood | Nature. 2020 Sep;585(7823):113-118. | 
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| NCT02312492 | Dyslipidemia | Not Applicable | Active, not recruiting | December 2018 | United States, Massachusetts ... More >> Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02111 Less << | 
| NCT00342303 | - | Completed | - | Chile ... More >> Clinica Presbiteriana Madre Hijo Santiago, Chile Hospital Luis Tisne Santiago, Chile Less << | |
| NCT01665482 | Inflammation ... More >>Insulin Sensitivity Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Malaysia ... More >> Malaysia Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia, 43000 Less << | 
| NCT01131962 | Hematemesis P... More >>ortal Hypertension Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | Egypt ... More >> Hematemesis unit, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Azarita Alexandria, Egypt Less << | 
| NCT01618071 | Postprandial Period ... More >> Lipemia Vasodilation Vascular Resistance Nitric Oxide Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United Kingdom ... More >> Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London London, United Kingdom, SE1 9NH Less << | 
| NCT02219399 | Pregnancy | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Colorado ... More >> Denver Health Hospitals and Clinics Denver, Colorado, United States, 80237 Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523 Less << | 
| NCT03625427 | Obesity Chron... More >>ic Inflammation Less << | Not Applicable | Not yet recruiting | November 2020 | United States, North Carolina ... More >> University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute Not yet recruiting Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States, 28081 Contact: Jomari Torres, MD 704-250-5062 jomari_torres@unc.edu Less << | 
| NCT01681459 | - | Completed | - | Denmark ... More >> Hvidovre Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark, DK-2650 Less << | |
| NCT02061267 | Metabolic Syndrome | Not Applicable | Unknown | December 2014 | Spain ... More >> Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC Seville, Spain, 41012 Less << | 
| NCT00799851 | Liver Disease | Phase 4 | Completed | - | Brazil ... More >> Federal University Of São Paulo - Gastroenterology São Paulo, Brazil, 04081000 Less << | 
| NCT02802904 | Cardiovascular Risk Factor | Not Applicable | Completed | - | - | 
| NCT02243969 | Hypertension ... More >>Lipid Metabolism Disorders Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Netherlands ... More >> Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 6229 ER Less << | 
| NCT03289559 | Healthy Volun... More >>teers Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | - | 
| NCT00479791 | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Texas ... More >> UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas, United States, 75235-9052 Less << | 
| NCT01674946 | Echolocation | Phase 1 | Completed | - | Switzerland ... More >> University Hospital Basel, Phase 1 Research Unit Basel, Switzerland, 4031 Less << | 
| NCT03388697 | - | Recruiting | December 15, 2019 | United States, Texas ... More >> Ashley Salazar Recruiting Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555 Contact: Antonio Saad, MD 409-772-0982 afsaad@utmb.edu Contact: Ashley Salazar 140927720312 assalaza@utmb.edu Principal Investigator: Antonio Saad, MD Sub-Investigator: George Saade, MD Less << | |
| NCT03422510 | Primary Focal Segmental Glomer... More >>ulosclerosis Less << | Phase 2 | Recruiting | July 2019 | - | 
| NCT03774095 | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ... More >> Obesity Less << | Not Applicable | Recruiting | December 30, 2018 | Denmark ... More >> Odense University Hospital Recruiting Odense, Denmark, 5000 Contact: Karina Sørensen, MSc 26924602 Contact: Kurt Højlund, MD +45 65413422 Less << | 
| NCT02210767 | Cardiovascular Disease | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> Penn State University University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 Less << | 
| NCT02397213 | Acute Kidney Injury | Phase 2 | Completed | - | Sweden ... More >> Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden, 22185 Less << | 
| NCT00434265 | Obesity | Not Applicable | Completed | - | France ... More >> Service des Explorations Fonctionelles Respiratoires et de l'Exercice - Hôpital Civil Strasbourg, France, 67091 Service de Médecine Interne et de Nutrition - Hôpital de Hautepierre Strasbourg, France, 67098 Less << | 
| NCT03426592 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | July 2019 | Australia, Victoria ... More >> The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3000 The Alfred Hospital - Department of Infectious Diseases Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004 Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3050 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3053 Less << | 
| NCT02460146 | Acute Kidney Injury | Phase 1 | Completed | - | United States, Michigan ... More >> Jasper Clinical Research & Development, Inc. Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49007 Less << | 
| NCT02797483 | Healthy | Not Applicable | Completed | - | - | 
| NCT01618019 | - | Completed | - | - | |
| NCT00529828 | Healthy | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Netherlands ... More >> Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen, Netherlands, 6703 HD Less << | 
| NCT02547402 | Acute Kidney Injury | Phase 1 | Completed | - | United States, Michigan ... More >> Jasper Clinical Research & Development, Inc. Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49007 Less << | 
| NCT01503047 | Overweight Ob... More >>esity Less << | Phase 4 | Completed | - | Spain ... More >> Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain, 28046 Less << | 
| NCT01351012 | Metabolic Syndrome | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Canada, Manitoba ... More >> Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2 Less << | 
| NCT00535886 | Cardiovascular Disease ... More >> Diabetes Dyslipidemia Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, California, United States, 94609 Less << | 
| NCT03762395 | Asthma Obesit... More >>y Less << | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | August 2021 | - | 
| NCT01259999 | Protein-Energy Malnutrition ... More >> Anorexia Weight Change Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Sweden ... More >> Dep of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden, 141 86 Less << | 
| NCT01618019 | Rheumatoid Arthritis | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Korea, Republic of ... More >> Hanyang university hospital Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 133-792 Less << | 
| NCT01661764 | - | Completed | - | - | |
| NCT01661764 | Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Tennessee ... More >> Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232 Less << | 
| NCT01128400 | - | Completed | - | United States, Missouri ... More >> Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 Less << | |
| NCT02145936 | Dyslipidemia | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Massachusetts ... More >> Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02111 Less << | 
| NCT01128400 | - | Completed | - | - | |
| NCT01233778 | Cardiovascular Disease | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> Penn State University University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 Less << | 
| NCT01365078 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Netherlands ... More >> Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 6229 ER Less << | 
| NCT02992548 | Chronic Kidney Disease | Phase 4 | Active, not recruiting | August 2018 | Korea, Republic of ... More >> Dong-A University Busan, Korea, Republic of, 602715 Inje University, Pusan Paik Hospital Busan, Korea, Republic of Less << | 
| NCT02863185 | Chronic Kidney Disease | Phase 4 | Recruiting | December 2019 | Korea, Republic of ... More >> Won Suk An Recruiting Busan, Korea, Republic of, 602-715 Contact: Won Suk An, M.D., Ph.D. +82-51-240-2811 anws@dau.ac.kr Dong-A University Not yet recruiting Busan, Korea, Republic of, 602715 Contact: Su Mi Lee, MD +822405549 promise131@hanmail.net Less << | 
| NCT01066091 | Healthy Obesi... More >>ty Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | France ... More >> Human nutrition laboratory Clermont-ferrand, Auvergne, France, 63000 Less << | 
| NCT02390180 | - | Completed | - | United States, Indiana ... More >> Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907 Less << | |
| NCT03388125 | Bleeding Esophageal Varices | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | December 1, 2022 | Egypt ... More >> Sherief Abd-Elsalam Tanta, Egypt Less << | 
| NCT03141931 | Dry Eye | Not Applicable | Recruiting | November 2018 | Australia, New South Wales ... More >> School of Optometry and Vision Science Recruiting Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2052 Contact: Jacqueline Tan-Showyin, PhD +612 9385 6551 jacqueline.tan@unsw.edu.au Less << | 
| NCT00927199 | Cardiovascular Disease | Phase 2 | Completed | - | Canada, Manitoba ... More >> Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 6C5 Less << | 
| NCT00638196 | Multiple Sclerosis | Phase 1 | Terminated(funding stopped due... More >> to slow enrollment.) Less << | - | United States, New York ... More >> University of Rochester Rochester, New York, United States, 14642 Less << | 
| NCT02029833 | Cardiovascular Disease ... More >> Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 Canada, Manitoba St Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6 Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 6C5 Canada, Quebec Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6 Less << | 
| NCT01043445 | Type 2 Diabetes | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Denmark ... More >> Department of Clinical Physiology, Glostrup Hospital Glostrup, Denmark, 2600 Less << | 
| NCT02993380 | Hemodialysis | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Korea, Republic of ... More >> Dong-A University Busan, Seogu, Korea, Republic of, 49201 Less << | 
| NCT00059254 | Obesity Diabe... More >>tes Hyperlipidemia Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Texas ... More >> Utmb Gcrc Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555 Less << | 
| NCT02841618 | Healthy Adults | Not Applicable | Active, not recruiting | December 2017 | United States, Ohio ... More >> The Ohio State University Human Nutrition Laboratory Columbus, Ohio, United States Less << | 
| NCT03739463 | PPROM | Not Applicable | Not yet recruiting | May 15, 2020 | - | 
| NCT01124487 | Lipid Profile | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Malaysia ... More >> Malaysian Palm Oil Board Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia, 43000 Less << | 
| NCT00804037 | Snoring Apnea | Not Applicable | Unknown | - | Brazil ... More >> University of São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brazil Less << | 
| NCT00000886 | HIV Infections | Phase 1 | Completed | - | United States, New York ... More >> Univ. of Rochester AVEG Rochester, New York, United States United States, Tennessee Vanderbilt Univ. Hosp. AVEG Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232 United States, Washington UW - Seattle AVEG Seattle, Washington, United States, 98144 Less << | 
| NCT01612234 | Obesity | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Vermont ... More >> The Unversity of Vermont Clinical Research Center at Fletcher Allen Health Care Burlington, Vermont, United States, 05401 Less << | 
| NCT03054779 | Cardiovascular Disease ... More >> Metabolic Syndrome Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> Penn State University University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802 Less << | 
| NCT01686113 | Hypogeusia | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Indiana ... More >> Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907 Less << | 
| NCT00715312 | Inflammation | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Malaysia ... More >> Malaysia Palm Oil Board Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia, 50720 Less << | 
| NCT01042340 | Nutritional Intervention | Not Applicable | Completed | - | Sweden ... More >> Dep of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Stockholm, Sweden, 141 86 Less << | 
| Bio Calculators | ||||
| Preparing Stock Solutions |  | 1mg | 5mg | 10mg | 
| 1 mM 5 mM 10 mM | 3.54mL 0.71mL 0.35mL | 17.70mL 3.54mL 1.77mL | 35.40mL 7.08mL 3.54mL | |